#NEXUS [ File output by Morphobank v3.0 (http://www.morphobank.org); 2014-07-25 13.16.39 ] BEGIN TAXA; DIMENSIONS NTAX=80; TAXLABELS 'Orycteropus afer' 'Bos taurus' 'Ovis aries' 'Odocoileus virginianus' 'Cervus elaphus' 'Giraffa camelopardalis' 'Antilocapra americana' 'Moschus moschiferus' 'Tragulus' 'Tursiops truncatus' 'Monodon monoceros' 'Inia geoffrensis' 'Pontoporia blainvillei' 'Kogia breviceps' 'Ziphius cavirostris' 'Balaenoptera acutorostrata' 'Hippopotamus amphibius' 'Choeropsis liberiensis' 'Sus scrofa' 'Babyrousa babyrussa' 'Potamochoerus porcus' 'Hylochoerus meinertzhageni' 'Tayassu tajacu' 'Camelus dromedarius' 'Lama glama' 'Dicerorhinus sumatrensis' 'Tapirus terrestris' 'Equus caballus' 'Ailurus fulgens' 'Canis latrans' 'Nandinia binotata' 'Felis silvestris' 'Erinaceus europaeus' 'Hyopsodus' 'Hyracotherium' 'Artiocetus clavis' 'Rodhocetus balochistanensis' 'Dorudon atrox' 'Basilosaurus' 'Pachyaena ossifraga' 'Sinonyx jiashanensis' 'Mesonyx obtusidens' 'Dissacus praenuntius' 'Dissacus zanabazari' 'Harpagolestes orientalis' 'Harpagolestes uintensis' 'Hapalodectes hetangensis' 'Helohyus plicodon' 'Ambulocetus natans' 'Gobiohyus orientalis' 'Leptomeryx' 'Poebrotherium' 'Agriochoerus' 'Merycoidodon sp.' 'Diacodexis pakistanensis' 'Diacodexis northamerican' 'Perchoerus' 'Archaeotherium' 'Elomeryx' 'Microbunodon minimum' 'Merycopotamus dissimilis' 'Xenohyus venitor' 'Anthracokeryx ulnifer' 'Libycosaurus petrocchii' 'Bothriogenys' 'Siamotherium krabiense' 'Cainotherium' 'Phenacodus' 'Protungulatum' 'Brachyhyops wyomingensis' 'Achaenodon uintensis' 'Andrewsarchus mongoliensis' 'Eoconodon heilprinianus' 'Protoceras celer' 'Indohyus indirae' 'Vulpavus profectus' 'Thinocyon' 'Hyaenodon' 'Patriofelis' 'Proviverra' ; ENDBLOCK; BEGIN CHARACTERS; DIMENSIONS NCHAR=690; FORMAT DATATYPE=STANDARD MISSING=? GAP=- SYMBOLS="0123456"; CHARLABELS [1] 'Texture of area around internal acoustic meatus' [2] 'Subarcuate fossa ' [3] 'Subarcuate fossa depth' [4] 'Petromastoid canal in subarcuate fossa' [5] 'Hiatus Fallopii distinct anterior hole' [6] 'Hiatus Fallopii size, if foramen is position anteriorly' [7] 'Prefacial commissure fossa of the petrosal' [8] 'Shape of tegmen tympani' [9] 'Inflation of the tegmen tympani' [10] 'Degree of inflation of the tegmen tympani' [11] 'Anterior process of the tegmen tympani' [12] 'Size of anterior process of the tegmen tympani' [13] 'Apex of anterior process of tegmen tympani - shape' [14] 'Vascular groove on the lateral surface of the tegmen tympani' [15] 'Distinct fossa for the head of the malleus on petrosal' [16] 'Ventrolateral tuberosity of petrosal' [17] 'Shape of ventrolateral tuberosity of petrosal' [18] 'Fossa for tensor tympani muscle round or oval depression' [19] 'Fossa for tensor tympani (if round or oval) extends into an excavated portion of the tegmen tympani' [20] 'Transpromontorial sulcus ' [21] 'Double transpromontorial sulci' [22] 'Sulcus for stapedial artery on promontorium' [23] 'Pars cochlearis protrudes ventromedially' [24] 'Mastoid region size relative to promontorium' [25] 'Shape of bone of mastoid region of the petrosal' [26] 'Epitympanic wing' [27] 'Posteromedial flange of promontorium' [28] 'Shape of promontorium' [29] 'Caudal tympanic process shape' [30] 'Mastoid plate' [31] 'Basicapsular groove on pars cochlearis of the petrosal' [32] 'Position of basicapsular groove ' [33] 'Secondary facial foramen position (relative to fenestra cochleae and fenestra vestibuli)' [34] 'Cochlear aqueduct position' [35] 'Articulation of anterior crus/tube of ectotympanic with external acoustic meatus portion of petrosal' [36] 'Articulation of posterior crus/tube of ectotympanic and external acoustic meatus part of petrosal' [37] 'Size of articulation between posterior tympanic ring/tube and petrosal' [38] 'Texture of articular area between posterior tympanic ring/tube and petrosal ' [39] 'Anterior bulla contact with petrosal' [40] 'Anterior bulla fused with the petrosal' [41] 'Medial bulla articulation with pars cochlearis' [42] 'Posterior bulla articulation with pars cochlearis/pars canalicularis' [43] 'Ventral exposure of mastoid region (with bulla removed)' [44] 'Texture of ventral exposure of the mastoid region of petrosal' [45] 'Dorsal flange over tegmen tympani (internal)' [46] 'Mastoid process' [47] 'Shape of mastoid process' [48] 'Rough textured area on anterior petrosal (for rostral entotympanic)' [49] 'Mastoid region external exposure on postero/lateral face of braincase ' [50] 'Anterior bulla at eustachian tube styliform process presence' [51] 'Median furrow' [52] 'Type of median furrow of tympanic bulla' [53] 'Lateral furrow of tympanic bulla, groove on the lateral surface of the tympanic bulla [anterior to the base of the sigmoid process (or meatal tube), delimits it from the rest of the bulla]' [54] 'Lateral furrow depth' [55] 'Anterior aspect of typmanic ring modified into a sigmoid process' [56] 'Neck of the posterior process of tympanic' [57] 'Middle conical process on bulla' [58] 'Medial posterior prominence of the bulla' [59] 'Involucrum of bulla' [60] 'Extent of pachyosteosclerotic involucrum of bulla' [61] 'Sharp ridge (raised) on bulla running anteriomedially to posterolaterally:' [62] 'Auditory bulla internal structure ' [63] 'Posterior process of the tympanic (= posterior crus of ectotympanic ring) relative expansion' [64] 'Medial bulla with furrow laterally adjacent to internal carotid foramen' [65] 'Stapes: presence of stapedial foramen' [66] 'Stapes: width of crura relative to size of foramen' [67] 'Incus - relative shape of crus longum' [68] 'Incus - rotation of mallear joint' [69] 'Malleus - manubrium' [70] 'Stylomastoid foramen' [71] 'Meatal tube of tympanic' [72] 'Meatal tube expansion relative to bulla width' [73] 'Tympanohyal visibility with bulla in situ' [74] 'Bulla surrounding the tympanohyal' [75] 'Preglenoid process' [76] 'Preglenoid process shape' [77] 'Preglenoid process position' [78] 'Postglenoid process' [79] 'Postglenoid process longest (sup-inf) part' [80] 'Osseous external acoustic meatus (ectotympanic) contacts squamosal in postglenoid process/area' [81] 'Postglenoid and postympanic processes' [82] 'Orientation of the glenoid fossa (long, prominent axis)' [83] 'Contact between the bulla (rounded part) and the squamosal' [84] 'Articulation of tympanic bulla with basioccipital' [85] 'Nature of the junction between bulla and the basioccipital' [86] 'Contact of pars cochlearis with the basioccipital' [87] 'Small hole in foramen ovale wall (or f.o. notch)' [88] 'Small hole just medial to but not in wall of the foramen ovale' [89] 'Postglenoid foramen' [90] 'Postglenoid foramen composition (scored with tympanic absent)' [91] 'Postglenoid foramen size' [92] 'Postglenoid foramen with bar of bone dividing it into two openings' [93] 'Sulcus external to stylomastoid foramen (external course of hyomandibular branch of facial nerve [CN VII])' [94] 'Composition of anterior wall of sulcus (score with bulla in situ)' [95] 'Mastoid region exposed in ventral view (with bulla in place)' [96] 'Bulla' [97] 'Contact between exoccipital and bulla' [98] 'Separate, enclosed, foramen ovale' [99] 'Foramen/notch ovale LATERAL wall formed by' [100] 'Foramen/notch ovale POSTERIOR wall formed by' [101] 'Pit at dorsal surface of posterior nasal cavity' [102] 'Relative size of pit at dorsal surface of nasal cavity.' [103] 'Falcate processes' [104] 'Size of falcate processes (relative to other basicranial structures)' [105] 'Position of the lateral extreme of the falcate processes' [106] 'Shape of falcate processes' [107] 'Falcate process midline contact' [108] 'Continuity between articular surface of the occipital condyles and falcate processes (or that area)' [109] 'Excavation (sinus) under the falcate process of the basioccipital [or that area] (an extension of the pterygoid sinus that separates the involucrum and the petrosal from the basioccipital)' [110] 'Medial glenoid pit' [111] 'Medial glenoid pit size' [112] 'Vomer covers basioccipital - basisphenoid suture' [113] 'Foramen rotundum' [114] 'Condylar foramen (distinct from hypoglossal foramen)' [115] 'Flexion stops on basioccipital' [116] 'Expanded and flattened pterygoids contact or close approximation at midline' [117] 'Pterygoids, separate anteriorly, convergent posteriorly, and diverge again' [118] 'Lateral pterygoid plate of alisphenoid relative A-P length ' [119] 'Pterygoid fossa (between m-l pterygoid plates)' [120] 'Size of pterygoid fossa (between m-l pterygoid plates)' [121] 'PTERYGOID laminae differentiation' [122] 'Contact between the mastoid region of the petrosal and the squamosal bones' [123] 'Contact between the mastoid region of the petrosal and the paracondylar process (or other part of exoccipital)' [124] 'Medio-lateral dimensions of the squamosal portion of external auditory meatus' [125] 'Contact between the anterior process of the periotic and squamosal CLARIFY' [126] 'Hypoglossal nerve foramen' [127] 'Hypoglossal nerve (XII) foramen position' [128] '(Bulla off) Jugular (posterior lacerate) foramen and basicapsular fissure' [129] 'Alisphenoid contact with parietal' [130] 'Alisphenoid, temporal wing, relative contact with parietal' [131] 'Frontal-alisphenoid contact' [132] 'Alisphenoid canal' [133] 'Position of the posterior opening of alisphenoid canal - * see notes and see hole X' [134] 'Ethmoidal foramen (near base of frontal)' [135] 'Orbit contact between frontal and maxilla (ventral view)' [136] 'Maxilla contribution to orbital wall' [137] 'Maxilla contacts orbitosphenoid' [138] 'Orbital process of palatine contacts frontal - may occur near sphenopalatine foramen' [139] 'Orbital process of palatine contacts lacrimal' [140] 'Shape of infraorbital foramen' [141] 'Lacrimal bulla' [142] 'Maxillary bulla' [143] 'Common hole for caudal palatine and sphenopalatine arteries' [144] 'Sphenopalatine foramen' [145] 'Hard palate lateral aspect forms U-shape at posterior extreme' [146] 'Transverse torus on hard palate posterior margin' [147] 'Lateral plate of palatine' [148] 'Lateral plates of palatines form bony bridge over orbit' [149] 'Pterygoid bony sinus expands into temporal fossa' [150] 'Orientation of upper toothrows (even if no teeth)' [151] 'Anterior palate' [152] 'Tip of palate' [153] 'Position of toothrow (LINE tangential to lateral molar arc INTERSECTS GLENOID OR NOT)' [154] 'Posterior nasal spine (on palatines)' [155] 'Direction of zygomatic portion of jugal (ventral view)' [156] 'Palatine fissure' [157] 'Palatine fissure size (posterior to the interincisive fissure)' [158] 'Shape of border of palatine fissures' [159] 'Greater palatine foramen' [160] 'Palatine fissure/ foramen/ina location' [161] 'Vomer exposure between maxillae on palate' [162] 'Medial maxillae in full contact on palate (anteriorly)' [163] 'Buried palatine grooves' [164] 'Numerous small (in same size range as anterior palatine foramina) foramina in anterior aspect of palate' [165] 'Groove or gap separates premaxillae from each other' [166] 'Palatines entirely covered by pterygoids' [167] 'Occipital condyles relative contact (ventral view)' [168] 'Hard palate midline suture/start of choanae' [169] 'Composition of posterior extenstion of the secondary palate (beyond third molar)' [170] 'Pterygoid hamuli meet at midline' [171] 'Medial (pterygoid) parts of nasopharyngeal duct approximate each other over full length' [172] 'Fusion of mandibular symphysis' [173] 'Mandibular symphysis constriction in postcanine area (or first 1/3 of mandible)' [174] 'Mandibular symphysis position' [175] 'Palate shape' [176] 'Posterior process of bulla exposed on posterolateral surface of braincase' [177] 'Median occipital ridge' [178] 'Mastoid foramen' [179] 'Shape of mastoid foramen' [180] 'Knob superior to foramen magnum' [181] 'Notch at superior aspect of foramen magnum (distal view)' [182] 'Paracondylar (paramastoid or paroccipital) process length' [183] 'Short paracondylar processes relative to bulla' [184] 'Paracondylar process shape' [185] 'Shallow fossae superior to occipital condyles' [186] 'Premaxilla contacts nasal (or shares a continguous border)' [187] 'Premaxilla contact with nasals - type' [188] 'Squamosal, pointed dorsal processes (on zygomatic arch, sometimes dimorphic)' [189] 'Zygomatic process protuberances (inferior)' [190] 'Ventral inflation of the bulla (ventral margin of bulla relative to ventral margin of occipital condyles)' [191] 'Jugal' [192] 'Thickness of zygomatic arch' [193] 'Lacrimal fossa (an antorbital pit in lacrimal)' [194] 'Antorbital vacuity - fenestra in rostrum at junction of lacrimal, nasal and maxilla * see notes' [195] 'Bones bordering the antorbital vacuity' [196] 'Height of opening of the external auditory meatus' [197] 'Lacrimal facial process' [198] 'Shape of lacrimal facial process' [199] 'Posterior margin of external nares.' [200] 'Lacrimal foramen' [201] 'Double lacrimal foramen [orifice] on dorsal rim of orbit' [202] 'Position of lacrimal foramen' [203] 'Posterodorsal process of PREMAXILLA (lateral view)' [204] 'Facial crest' [205] 'Nasals relative to premaxilla anterior extreme' [206] 'Position of distal nasals relative to anterior margin of orbit' [207] 'Sagittal (midline) protrusion, crest' [208] 'Crests for temporalis muscle' [209] 'Sagittal crest size (if crests in contact)' [210] 'Sagittal crest shape' [211] 'Postorbital process (= supraorbital process)' [212] 'Postorbital process (= supraorbital process) relative lateral expansion in dorsal view' [213] 'Postorbital process (= supraorbital processes) of frontals, extensive posterior expansion of supraorbital processes for temporal muscle attachment*' [214] 'Elongation of the face' [215] 'Type of elongation of the face' [216] 'Occipital condyle, ventral margin' [217] 'Glenoid cavity relative to occipital condyle' [218] 'Posterior margin of glenoid fossa relative to tympanic bulla' [219] 'Glenoid cavity height' [220] 'Lateral lodge for lower canine (or anterior tooth) on the maxillary bone' [221] 'Inter-canine depression of the palate (or anterior 1/3 of palette depression) ' [222] 'Premaxillary bone insertion' [223] 'Maxillary (infraorbital) foramina' [224] 'Position of maxillary (infraorbital) foramina' [225] 'Maxillary (infraorbital) foramen) position, if anterior' [226] 'Squamosal sinus canals (at squam-parietal suture)' [227] 'Suprameatal foramen in the squamosal' [228] 'Contact between the frontal and the squamosal' [229] 'Midline frontal depression' [230] 'Lacrimal tubercle, (situated on anterior edge of orbit adjacent to the lacrimal foramen)' [231] 'Naso-lacrimal contact on face' [232] 'Raised bump of bone over lateral aspect of the upper canine alveolus or other aspect of anterior maxilla' [233] 'Postorbital bar/process' [234] 'Jugal contribution to postorbital bar (or near bar)' [235] 'Fusion of lacrimal and jugal bones (lack of suture)' [236] 'Anterior aspect of nasal bone on snout' [237] 'Position of anterior margin of orbit relative to particular teeth' [238] 'Rostrum strongly arched dorso-ventrally in lateral view' [239] 'Maxilla suture with nasals' [240] 'Posterior (lateral view) medial maxilla (on snout) contacts nasal' [241] 'Posterior (lateral view) medial maxilla (on snout) contacts lacrimal' [242] 'Contact of MAXILLA with frontal (in facial region)' [243] 'Facial plane (profile) concave' [244] 'Orbit position relative to the top of skull' [245] 'Dentary protuberances (in either sex)' [246] 'Angle of dentary with separate flange that projects distally from horizontal ramus' [247] 'Angle of mandible/depth of horizontal ramus of dentary' [248] 'Angular process lateral expansion' [249] 'Angular process of dentary dorsal hook' [250] 'Concavity between condyle and coronoid of dentary' [251] 'Coronoid process hooks distal to condyle' [252] 'Mandibular foramen' [253] 'Coronoid process, distal end' [254] 'Height of mandibular condyle relative to dentition' [255] 'Coronoid process superior margin' [256] 'Number of mental foramina' [257] 'Mandibular condyle shape (distal view)' [258] 'Mandibular condyle predominant direction' [259] 'Cranial appendages' [260] 'Position of cranial appendages' [261] 'Bone core shape' [262] 'Type of cranial appendage: horns' [263] 'Type of cranial appendage: antlers (= forked, deciduous BONE)' [264] 'Horns with independent ossicone (as whole or part of horn core)' [265] 'Skin covers all or part of cranial appendage' [266] 'Keratin horn core sheath (deciduous or nondeciduous) covers all or part of cranial appendage' [267] 'Keratin type in horn sheath' [268] 'Cranial appendages' [269] 'Nasal protuberances' [270] 'Maxilloturbinal development' [271] 'Prenasal bone' [272] 'Nuchal crest angle (viewed dorsally)' [273] 'Posterior frontal border' [274] 'Foramen or numerous foramina on dorsal surface of parietals' [275] 'Shape of EACH nasal at the anteromesial tip' [276] 'Relative size of nasals in dorsal view' [277] 'Lateral margins of the nasals at the caudal extreme' [278] 'Caudal nasals separated by anterior incursion of frontal' [279] 'Nasal-frontal contact' [280] 'Supraorbital foramen (in frontal)' [281] 'Elongate depression in frontals outside supraorbital foramen' [282] 'Premaxillary foramina' [283] 'Premaxillary foramen size' [284] 'Elongate depressions in premaxilla outside premaxillary foramina' [285] 'Frontal protuberance (on vertex)' [286] 'Temporal fossa, roofed by lateral expansion of the maxillae' [287] 'Cranial vertex (elevated region of skull posterior to bony nares)' [288] 'Postorbital constriction, anterior to braincase, posterior to the postorbital process, near posterior margin of frontal/anterior parietal' [289] 'Constriction position relative to fronto-parietal suture' [290] 'Facial asymmetry' [291] 'Supracranial basin' [292] 'Prenarial basin' [293] 'Premaxilla shape' [294] 'Premaxillae relative to left narial opening' [295] 'Premaxillae and vertex' [296] 'Premaxillae contact' [297] 'Bosses (knob-like swelling) on ascending processes of premaxillae' [298] 'Premaxillary crest, widening of upturned ends of these bones' [299] 'Premaxillary sac fossa' [300] 'Maxillary-premaxillary suture along rostrum (is it visible)' [301] 'Maxillary crest' [302] 'Pneumatic maxillary crest' [303] 'Medial maxillary process' [304] 'Facial depression for insertion of maxillonasolabialis muscle on maxilla' [305] 'Antorbital notch at base (proximal end) of rostrum' [306] 'Mesorostral canal' [307] 'Mesorostral canal ossification' [308] 'Number of nasal bones' [309] 'Right nasal lies between premaxilla in crest' [310] 'Rostral portion of maxillae (ventral view)' [311] 'Rostrum transversely compressed' [312] 'Snout markedly narrowed at anterior third of rostrum' [313] 'Palate narrows posteriorly at' [314] 'Telescoping' [315] 'Telescoping type' [316] 'Embrasure pits' [317] 'Nasal aperture (blowhole) location' [318] 'Mesethmoid ( = the median vertical plate of the ethmoid) exposure' [319] 'Nasal passages' [320] 'Nasal passage orientation' [321] 'Lower canines present in at least one sex' [322] 'Lower canine size' [323] 'Diastema between lower incisors and canine' [324] 'Diastema between lower canine (or last anterior tooth) and following tooth' [325] 'Teeth in adult' [326] 'i2 shape' [327] 'i3 shape' [328] 'Lower incisor growth' [329] 'Position of canine relative to incisors (lower)' [330] 'Lower canine shape (unworn)' [331] 'Lower canine shape (X section)' [332] 'Lower canine posterior border' [333] 'Lower canine lobe number' [334] 'Lower incisor orientation' [335] 'p1' [336] 'p1 number of roots' [337] 'p1 shape' [338] 'p1 substantially taller than canine' [339] 'p2' [340] 'p2 number of roots' [341] 'p3' [342] 'p3 shape' [343] 'p4' [344] 'Tooth number, lower jaw' [345] 'Accessory shelf on posterior teeth (lower)' [346] 'Orientation of accessory shelf' [347] 'p3 metaconid' [348] 'p3 paraconid' [349] 'p3 length relative to m1 length' [350] 'p4 metaconid' [351] 'lingual cingulum on p4' [352] 'p4 with talonid' [353] 'p4 paraconid' [354] 'p4 postprotocristid (metalophid)' [355] 'p4 postprotocristid shape' [356] 'm1 paraconid' [357] 'm1 paraconid/paracristid position' [358] 'm1 protoconid' [359] 'm1 metaconid' [360] 'Loph (metalophid/ protolophid) on m1 (between protoconid and metaconid)' [361] 'm2 paraconid' [362] 'm2 paraconid/ paracristid position' [363] 'Narrow trigonids on m2 (relative to talonids)' [364] 'm2 talonid' [365] 'Bunodont m2' [366] 'm2 metaconid' [367] 'm2 hypoconulid' [368] 'm2 hypoconulid position' [369] ' m2 talonid morphology of hypoconulid' [370] 'Protoconid and talonid relative height (on m2)' [371] 'm2 talonid' [372] 'Metastylids on lower m2' [373] 'Lingual cingulid on lower m2' [374] 'Loph (hypolophid) on m2 (between entoconid and hypoconid)' [375] 'Posthypocristid on m2' [376] 'Postentocristid on m2' [377] 'Reentrant grooves (m2)' [378] 'Lower m2 entoconulid' [379] 'Anterior cingulum on m2' [380] 'm2 metaconid and entoconid shape' [381] 'Lower molar m2 metaconid position' [382] 'Ectostylids on lower molars (m2)' [383] 'm2 entoconid' [384] 'Elongate vertical, gouged, shearing facets on lateral lower molars (or posterior teeth)' [385] 'Accessory cusps on lower m3' [386] 'm3 paraconid' [387] 'm3 paraconid/ paracristid position' [388] 'm3 metaconid' [389] 'm3 hypoconulid' [390] 'm3 hypoconulid shape' [391] 'm3 (lower)' [392] 'm3' [393] 'Tooth shape lowers' [394] 'Distinct denticles on posterior cheek teeth (lower)' [395] 'dp4' [396] 'Upper canine relative size (in either males or females)' [397] 'Upper canine growth' [398] 'Upper I3' [399] 'I3 size relative to I1 and I2' [400] 'Diastemata between incisors (upper and each other)' [401] 'Upper canine' [402] 'Upper canine with deep open groove' [403] 'Upper canine with strong vertical wear facet' [404] 'Upper canine shape' [405] 'Upper canine multiple cusps' [406] 'Incisors in tooth row upper' [407] 'Teeth in premaxilla' [408] 'Incisor (or anteriormost teeth) arrangement [in premaxilla]' [409] 'Tooth shape (examined on uppers)' [410] 'Upper P1' [411] 'Upper P1 shape' [412] 'Number of roots on P1' [413] 'P3 protocone' [414] 'P3 posterior denticles' [415] 'Metacone on P3' [416] 'Position of protocone of P3 relative to paracone' [417] 'Metacone on P4' [418] 'P4 posterior denticles' [419] 'M2 hypocone' [420] 'Metaconule on M2' [421] 'P4/m1 shaped as ''carnassials''' [422] 'P4 postprotocrista' [423] 'P4 protocone' [424] 'P4 protocone position' [425] 'P4 paracone relative to M1 paracone' [426] 'P3 parastyle' [427] 'P3 parastyle shape' [428] 'Upper teeth in single groove-shaped socket' [429] 'P3 roots' [430] 'Carnassial shear anywhere on toothrow' [431] 'M1 parastyle' [432] 'M1 parastyle shape' [433] 'M1 metastyle shelf projects farther labially than parastyle shelf' [434] 'M1, width of parastylar shelf' [435] 'Metaloph on M1' [436] 'M1 lingual cingulum on protocone' [437] 'M1, a cingulum continuous around the lingual face of the protocone' [438] 'Number of M1 roots' [439] 'Protoloph on M1' [440] 'Roots of teeth deep (scored on uppers)' [441] 'Baleen ' [442] 'Baleen plates' [443] 'Base of teeth (scored on uppers)' [444] 'Tooth number of upper jaw' [445] 'M3 (upper)' [446] 'Number of M2 roots' [447] 'Stylar shelf on M2' [448] 'Paraconule on M2' [449] 'Ectocingula on M2' [450] 'M2 metacone' [451] 'M2 preparacrista' [452] 'Entostyle on upper molars (M2)' [453] 'M2 postparacrista orientation' [454] 'Trigon basin shape on M2' [455] 'M2 preparacrista orientation' [456] 'M2 postparacrista' [457] 'M2 premetacrista' [458] 'M2 premetacrista orientation' [459] 'M2 postmetacrista' [460] 'M2 postmetacrista orientation' [461] 'Mesostyle on upper molars M2' [462] 'M2 parastyle' [463] 'M2 parastyle shape' [464] 'Postprotocrista on M2' [465] 'Lingual cingulum on M2' [466] 'Anterior cingulum on upper M2' [467] 'M3 size (maximum mesiodistal length)' [468] 'Number of M3 roots' [469] 'Pentacone on M3' [470] 'Accessory cusps on upper M3' [471] 'M3 metaconule' [472] 'Denticles on M2 protocone' [473] 'Denticles on upper molars' [474] 'Prezygapophyses of lumbar vertebrae (anterior view)' [475] 'C1 accessory alar foramen' [476] 'Elongate neck' [477] 'Prezygapophyses and postzygapophyses' [478] 'Lumbar transverse process shape (dorsal view)' [479] 'Cervical vertebrae size relative to thoracics' [480] 'C6 with largest cervical transverse processes' [481] 'C2 spine size relative to C3' [482] 'C2 spine shape (laterally viewed)' [483] 'Cervical vertebrae fusion (in some part)' [484] 'Axis:atlantoid facets from each side (of dens)' [485] 'Axis vertebra odontoid process' [486] 'Number of thoracic vertebrae (modified) = # of ribs' [487] 'Number of ankylosed sacral vertebrae' [488] 'Number of sacrals that articulate with pelvis' [489] 'Infraspinous fossa on scapula' [490] 'Coracoid process orientation' [491] 'Scapular spine shape (lateral view)' [492] 'Acromion' [493] 'Scapular spine with tuber spinae scapulae' [494] 'Acromion size' [495] 'Greater tuberosity of humerus height' [496] 'Acromion orientation' [497] 'Distal humerus, medial border of trochlea' [498] 'Humerus, postition of deltopectoral insetion' [499] 'Distal humerus, trochlea' [500] 'Distal humerus shape' [501] 'Distal humerus, trochlea shape' [502] 'Capitulum shape' [503] 'Distal humeral articulation' [504] 'Olecranon fossa' [505] 'Olecranon fossa depth' [506] 'Entepicondylar foramen' [507] 'Entepicondyle of humerus' [508] 'Distal humerus, medial epicondyle projected posteriorly' [509] 'Ratio of length of humerus/radius' [510] 'Entepicondyle' [511] 'Radius flat' [512] 'Ulna flat' [513] 'Olecranon' [514] 'Shape of olecranon process' [515] 'Length of olecranon process' [516] 'Posterior edge of ulna (proximal half)' [517] 'Distal ulna size relative to distal radius' [518] 'Fusion of the radius and ulna' [519] 'Type of fusion of the radius and ulna' [520] 'Radius positioned (proximal end)' [521] 'Trapezoid - magnum fusion' [522] 'Scaphoid - lunate fusion' [523] 'Centrale' [524] 'Manus axis of symmetry' [525] 'Independent trapezium' [526] 'Hyperphalangy on manus' [527] 'Metacarpal I' [528] 'Metacarpal II' [529] 'Metacarpal V' [530] 'Proximal fusion of third and fourth metacarpals' [531] 'Proximal end of radius (or combo radius-ulna)' [532] 'Pelvis shape' [533] 'Lunate surface of acetabulum shape' [534] 'Lunate surface parts' [535] 'fusion of pelves (at pubis)' [536] 'Obturator foramen' [537] 'femur' [538] 'Fovea capitis of femoral head' [539] 'Height of greater trochanter of femur' [540] 'Third trochanter of femur (on lateral side)' [541] 'Patellar articular surface on femur' [542] 'Patellar groove symmetry' [543] 'Tibia-fibula fusion' [544] 'All tarsals fused' [545] 'Type of tibia-fibula fusion' [546] 'Calcaneus dorsolateral facet orientation of lateral margin' [547] 'Calcaneus dorsolateral facet contacts' [548] 'Malleolar bone' [549] 'On calcaneus, dorsolateral facet (proximal end) extends farther proximally than the sustentacular facet' [550] 'Calcaneus with pit (lateral)' [551] 'Facet on calcaneus for lateral side of head of the astragalus' [552] 'Sustentaculum and anterior astragalar facet on calcaneus' [553] 'Small, ledge-like facet proximal to sustentaculum on calcaneus' [554] 'Relative width of area anterior to dorsolateral facet of calcaneus' [555] 'Angle between lateral calcaneus and sustentaculum' [556] 'Astragalus - shape of major part of sustentacular facet' [557] 'Sustentacular facet width' [558] 'Sustentacular facet shape' [559] 'Astragalar neck' [560] 'Trochlear (superior) facet of the astragalus' [561] 'Proximal astragalus trochlea depth' [562] 'Anterior digital fossa' [563] 'Proximal astragalus medial and lateral borders relative height' [564] 'Navicular facet of astragalus' [565] 'Astragalar head - degree of trochleation of navicular facet' [566] 'Astragalar head dorso-plantarly compressed' [567] 'Astragalar head medial borders plantar extent' [568] 'Astragalar canal' [569] 'Contact of distal astragalus with cuboid' [570] 'Size of cuboid facet' [571] 'Sustentacular facet continuous with (or touching) head of astragalus (ventral surface)' [572] 'Type of connection between sustentacular facet and head of astragalus' [573] 'Sustentacular facet extends to cuboid facet ' [574] 'Sustentacular facet connection with distal calcaneal facet' [575] 'Medial sustentaculum large rugosity' [576] 'Ectal facet (lateral process) of the astragalus - shape regardless of orientation' [577] 'Ectal facet continuous with sustentacular lateral fold' [578] 'Ectal facet split into two separate parts' [579] 'Dorsal surface of ectal facet protrusion (anterior view)' [580] 'Size of ectal facet protrusion' [581] 'Facet anterior to ectal facet, rests superior to calcaneus' [582] 'Lateral process distal to ectal facet ' [583] 'Ectal facet primary orientation' [584] 'Facet (ventrally oriented) at distal end of lateral malleolar facet' [585] 'Ectal facet continuous with lateral malleolar facet' [586] 'Lateral side of sustentacular facet bent onto lateral side of astragalus to articulate with calcaneus' [587] 'Astragalaus lateral edges of proximal and distal trochleae (ends) - alignment of the neck' [588] 'Astragalar head arc - dorsoplantar' [589] 'Astraglar neck width relative to tibial trochlea' [590] 'Joint between calcaneum and cuboid orientation (lateral view)' [591] 'Cuboid and navicular' [592] 'Ectocuneiform and mesocuneiform' [593] 'Entocuneiform and mesocuneiform' [594] 'Proximal fusion of 3rd and 4th metatarsals' [595] 'Anterior longitudinal metatarsal gulley in "cannon bone"' [596] 'Anterior longitudinal metatarsal gulley shape' [597] 'Spreading distal metapodials' [598] 'Pes shape' [599] '2nd metatarsal length' [600] '1st metatarsal length' [601] '5th metatarsal length' [602] 'Distal metatarsal keels' [603] 'Posterior metatarsal tuberosity (MT III)' [604] 'Ventral border of distal phalanges' [605] 'Weight bearing distal phalanges in dorsal view' [606] 'Weight bearing distal phalanx of III or IV symmetry' [607] 'Hair' [608] 'Sebaceous glands' [609] 'Cavernous tissue in penis' [610] 'Number of primary bronchi of lung' [611] 'Abdominal musk gland' [612] 'Gall bladder' [613] 'Ileocecal gland' [614] 'Placenta type' [615] 'Placenta cotyledons' [616] 'Extensible tongue' [617] 'Mammae in females (total #)' [618] 'Habitat choice' [619] 'Sperm: apical ridge' [620] 'Sperm: posterior aspect of equatorial segment defined by a serrated band' [621] 'Sperm:head shape (lateral view)' [622] 'Sperm:equatorial subsegment' [623] 'Sperm:equatorial segment' [624] 'Sperm:flagellum position' [625] 'Sperm: shape and arrangement of mitochondria' [626] 'Sperm: postacrosomal ridges' [627] 'Colon haustrated' [628] 'Colon diverticulated' [629] 'Caecum' [630] 'Caecum haustrated' [631] 'Paired caecum' [632] 'Saccus caecus ventriculi' [633] 'Gastric glandular blindsac' [634] 'Stomach epithelial lining' [635] 'Stomach chamber number' [636] 'Setoff forestomach' [637] 'Volume increase left of mesenteric plane' [638] 'Volume increase left and right of mesenteric plane' [639] 'Fornical fold & diverticulum' [640] 'Oesophageal pouch' [641] 'Cardia lies left of plane' [642] 'Cardia lies right of plane' [643] 'Reticulum' [644] 'Reticulum cellular' [645] 'Reticulum sacculated' [646] 'Omasum' [647] 'Methanogenesis' [648] 'Melon' [649] 'Posterior sinus' [650] 'Proximal sacs' [651] 'Proximal sac modification' [652] 'Spermaceti organ' [653] 'Distal sac' [654] 'Blowhole ligament' [655] 'Premaxillary sacs (nasal sacs)' [656] 'Throat grooves' [657] 'Vestibular sac' [658] 'Diet' [659] 'Efficient perception of underwater sound.' [660] 'Chew the cud' [661] 'Nurses offspring underwater' [662] 'Brain Olfactory bulb size relative to foramen magnum' [663] 'Brain Olfactory bulb connection' [664] 'Brain Olfactory bulb output cells' [665] 'Brain Accesory olfactory formation presence' [666] 'Brain Dorsal lateral olfactory tract dLOT' [667] 'Brain Inferior colliculus size' [668] 'Brain inferior colliculus exposure presence' [669] 'Brain Inferior colliculus exposure size' [670] 'Brain Vermis size' [671] 'Brain Facial nerve path' [672] 'Brain Corpus callosum presence' [673] 'Brain Fasciculus aberrans presence' [674] 'Brain Koniocortex barrel formations presence' [675] 'Brain Ventral accessory nucleus of inferior olivary complex position' [676] 'Brain Primary somatosensory cortex postcranial representations presence' [677] 'Brain Primary somatosensory cortex postcranial representations completeness' [678] 'Brain Oral and perioral somatosensory projections' [679] 'Brain Posterior zones of primary somatic sensory cortex' [680] 'Brain Cortical somatosensory representation limb orientation' [681] 'Brain Isocortex Rindenkerne presence' [682] 'Brain Tectopetal connections from retinas' [683] 'Brain Dorsal cochlear nucleus lamination presence' [684] 'Brain Dorsal cochlear nucleus lamination structure' [685] 'Brain Claustrum separation' [686] 'Brain External cuneate nucleus separation' [687] 'Brain Lateral geniculate nucleus magnocellular layer presence' [688] 'Brain Medial terminal nucleus of accessory optic tract presence' [689] 'Brain Pars tuberalis of hypophysis presence' [690] 'Brain Spinal cord dorsal horns angle between' ; STATELABELS 1 'rough' 'smooth' , 2 'present' 'absent' , 3 'deep' 'shallow' , 4 'absent' 'present' , 5 'present' 'absent' , 6 'small' 'large' , 7 'absent (convex, flat or a bump)' 'present (concave)' , 8 'flat' 'pronounced convexity' , 9 'absent' 'present' , 10 'hyperinflation (transverse width > or = width of promontorium)' 'moderate (1/2-1/4 width of promontorium)' , 11 'absent' 'present' , 12 'small' 'large, projects anterior to promontorium' , 13 'pointed' 'blunt' , 14 'present' 'absent' , 15 'absent' 'present' , 16 'absent' 'present' , 17 'bump/knob' 'spike' , 18 'present' 'absent' , 19 'absent' 'present' , 20 'present' 'absent' , 21 'absent' 'present' , 22 'present' 'absent' , 23 'absent' 'present' , 24 'small (~ 50%)' 'large (~100% or more)' , 25 'square, robust knob' 'wedge' 'convex dorsally, flat/irregular ventrally' , 26 'absent' 'present' , 27 'absent' 'present' , 28 'hemi-ellipsoid' 'hemi-spherical' , 29 'mediolaterally narrow, bar of bone medial to stapedial muscle fossa' 'mediolaterally broad, sometimes with irregular projections or knobs' , 30 'absent' 'present' , 31 'present' 'absent' , 32 'ventral' 'dorsal' , 33 'Anterior' 'Posterior' , 34 'dorso-internal and relatively close to internal acoustic meatus' 'ventral' , 35 'absent' 'present' , 36 'absent' 'present' , 37 'large: entire posterior crus covers ventral exposure of mastoid' 'small: half (or less) of posterior crus articulates with mastoid region, region is ventrally exposed' , 38 'smooth' 'rough' 'fused' , 39 'absent' 'present' , 40 'absent' 'present' , 41 'absent' 'present' , 42 'absent' 'present' , 43 'absent' 'present' , 44 'smooth ' 'rough' , 45 'absent' 'present' , 46 'absent' 'present' , 47 'forming a distinct process, extending out farther (laterally) than paroccipital process, or subequal' 'blunt, rounded, does not protrude significantly from external boundary of skull' , 48 'absent' 'present' , 49 'exposed' 'not exposed' , 50 'absent' 'present' , 51 'present' 'absent' , 52 'laterally positioned vertical groove' 'median notch on posterior rim of bulla' 'prominent anteroposteriorly oriented furrow which splits the ventral surface of the bulla' , 53 'absent' 'present' , 54 'shallow' 'deep' , 55 'absent' 'present' , 56 'absent' 'present' , 57 'absent' 'present' , 58 'absent' 'present' , 59 'absent' 'present' , 60 'approximately half the length' 'the full length' , 61 'absent' 'present' , 62 'cancellous' 'hollow' , 63 'U shaped ring or tube, posterior process shaped similarly to anterior process' 'posterior part of ring/tube with large process' , 64 'present' 'absent' , 65 'present' 'absent' , 66 'narrower than stapedial foramen width' 'wider than or equal to width of stapedial foramen' , 67 'longer than crus breve' 'shorter than or subequal to crus breve' , 68 'absent' 'present' , 69 'narrow - distinct tapering inferior to head' 'thick - indistinct neck adjacent to head' , 70 'open notch/enlarged slot' 'small circular foramen' , 71 'absent' 'present' , 72 'extremely long, tube is 150%-200% the width of the bulla' 'short, lateral, extrabullar part or tube of tympanic <30% maximum width of bulla' 'long, lateral, extrabullar part of tube length 60%-100% maximum width of bulla' , 73 'small, not visible/slightly visible with bulla in place' 'large' , 74 'complete' 'incomplete' , 75 'present' 'absent' , 76 'low bump/plate' 'dorso-ventrally elongate ridge' , 77 'at lateral edge of joint' 'across middle of joint' , 78 'present' 'absent' , 79 'at medial extreme of joint' 'across entire joint (or in center)' 'at lateral extreme of joint' , 80 'absent' 'present (tube contacts postglenoid process)' , 81 'unfused' 'fused' , 82 'mediolateral' 'anteroposterior' , 83 'absent' 'present' , 84 'present' 'absent' , 85 'present and large, contact includes entire medial rim of bulla' 'present and small' 'entire bulla lies immediately adjacent to the basioccipital without actually contacting it' , 86 'present' 'absent' , 87 'absent' 'present' , 88 'absent' 'present' , 89 'present' 'absent' , 90 'within squamosal' 'between squamosal and tympanic/exoccipital' , 91 'small (in size range of fenestra vestibuli)' 'large (much larger than fenestra vestibuli)' , 92 'absent' 'present' , 93 'absent' 'present' , 94 'formed by squamosal' 'formed by mastoid process of petrosal' 'formed by meatal tube of tympanic' , 95 'absent' 'present' , 96 'absent, U-shaped "ring", no bulla formation' 'present, medial edge of "ring" or U expanded into bulla' , 97 'absent' 'present' , 98 'present' 'absent' , 99 'alisphenoid' 'squamosal' 'petrosal' 'frontal' , 100 'alisphenoid' 'squamosal' 'petrosal' 'alisphenoid with some contribution from parietal or occipital' , 101 'absent' 'present' , 102 'small' 'large' , 103 'present' 'absent' , 104 'small' 'large' 'very large' , 105 'at the lateral edge of the basioccipital' 'more medial than the lateral edge of the basioccipital [essentially not separated by a wide space at the midline' 'V shaped orientation (posterior contact and anterior divergence)' , 106 'bump' 'plate' , 107 'absent, two processes do not touch' 'contact present' , 108 'present' 'absent' , 109 'absent' 'present, excavation immediately under falcate process' , 110 'absent' 'present' , 111 'shallow' 'deep' , 112 'no' 'yes' , 113 'absent' 'present' , 114 'present' 'absent' , 115 'present' 'absent' , 116 'present' 'absent' , 117 'absent' 'present' , 118 'longer than medial pterygoid plate' 'equal to medial pterygoid plate' 'shorter than medial pterygoid plate' , 119 'absent' 'present' , 120 'minor differentiation does not extend to skullbase' 'major differentiation, extends to skullbase' , 121 'absent - no differentiation of separate lamina anterior to bulla' 'present - differentiated' , 122 'present' 'absent (ligamentous)' , 123 'absent' 'present' , 124 'half the mediolateral dimensions of the petrosal or less' 'subequal to the mediolateral dimensions of the petrosal' 'double (or more) the medio-lateral dimensions of the promontorium or more)' , 125 'present' 'absent' , 126 'present' 'absent' , 127 'closer to the occipital condyle than to the jugular foramen' 'closer to the jugular foramen than to the occipital condyle' 'exactly in between the two' , 128 'absence of confluence' 'presence of confluence, well-defined' 'presence of confluence, poorly defined divisions' , 129 'present' 'absent' , 130 'large (dorsally extensive, in broad contact with parietal)' 'small (dorsally narrow, not in broad contact with parietal)' , 131 'present' 'absent - two bones separated [by orbitosphenoid]' , 132 'absent' 'present' , 133 'Well-separated from foramen ovale' 'within a deep groove or recess with the foramen ovale (1) (derived from Zhou et al., 1995)' 'absent' , 134 'present' 'absent' , 135 'absent' 'present' , 136 'Contributes to inferior aspect of orbit only' 'contributes to posterior (midline) orbital wall' 'contributes to antero-superior aspect only' , 137 'absent' 'present' , 138 'absent' 'present' , 139 'absent' 'present' , 140 'elongate, oval with long axis supero-inferior' 'round' , 141 'absent' 'present' , 142 'absent' 'present' , 143 'absent' 'present' , 144 'much larger than dorso- (caudal) palatine foramen' 'subequal to dorso- (caudal) palatine foramen' , 145 'present' 'absent' , 146 'absent' 'present' , 147 'absent' 'present' , 148 'absent' 'present' , 149 'no' 'yes' , 150 'taper anteriorly' 'parallel' , 151 'narrows and stays narrow' 'narrows and then flares laterally from posterior to anterior (has a narrower point than the most anterior part)' 'flares and then narrows' , 152 'broad, medio-lateral width equal to distance between last two teeth' 'narrow, medio-lateral width less than distance between last two teeth' , 153 'teeth in plane that intersects the glenoid fossa' 'teeth in planes that are medial to glenoid fossa' , 154 'absent' 'present (can be two)' , 155 'posterolateral' 'posterior' , 156 'absent' 'present' , 157 'Smaller than or comparable to a molar [posterior tooth]' 'larger than a molar' , 158 'round' 'oval' 'irregular' , 159 'in palatine' 'at maxilla-palatine junction' 'in maxilla.' , 160 'contained entirely within premaxilla' 'at junction of premaxilla and maxilla' 'almost entirely within maxilla' , 161 'present' 'absent' , 162 'present' 'absent' , 163 'absent' 'present' , 164 'absent' 'present' , 165 'absent' 'present' , 166 'absent' 'present' , 167 'clearly separate' 'right and left sides in contact or near contact proximally' , 168 'extends distal to last tooth (or orbit area) if edentulous' 'stops at last tooth' 'stops anterior to last tooth''s distal margin' , 169 'present and made of pterygoids' 'present and made of palatine bone' 'present - pterygoids and palatine' , 170 'yes' 'no' , 171 'absent' 'present' , 172 'absent' 'present' , 173 'absent' 'present' , 174 '< 1/3 size of dentary' 'half the size of the dentary or more' , 175 'flat' 'vaulted, sagittal edge is more dorsal than lateral edge' 'sagittal edge is more ventral' , 176 'absent' 'present' , 177 'absent' 'present' , 178 'absent' 'present' , 179 'round or oval' 'rounded ventrally with ridge dorsally' , 180 'absent' 'present' 'two one on each side' , 181 'absent' 'present' , 182 'long, extends inferior to inferior margin of bulla' 'short, extends superior to inferior margin of bulla' , 183 'wrapped around bulla' 'separate from bulla distally' , 184 'flattened and projecting laterally/distolaterally' 'narrow, pointed and projecting inferiorly' , 185 'absent' 'present' , 186 'present' 'absent' , 187 'incomplete (i.e., the two bones are not in full contact in lateral/dorsal view, anteriorly)' 'complete' , 188 'absent' 'present' , 189 'absent' 'present' , 190 'Absent (ventral edge of bulla dorsal to ventral occipital condyles)' 'intermediate (at same level as condyles)' 'present, bulla ventral to occipital condyles' , 191 'well-developed' 'small or absent' , 192 'thick' 'splint' , 193 'absent' 'present' , 194 'absent' 'present' , 195 'maxillary, lacrimal, frontal' 'maxillary, lacrimal, frontal and nasal' 'lacrimal' 'frontal, nasal and lacrimal' , 196 'even with zygomatic arch' 'higher than zygomatic arch' 'lower than zygomatic arch' , 197 'present' 'absent' , 198 'similar (long axis) dorso-ventral height and antero-posterior width' 'length greater than height' 'greater height than length' , 199 'Anterior to or over the canines, or at incisive foramina' 'between P1 and P2 or over a diastema that is anterior to P2' 'posterior to P2' 'distal to all teeth or baleen' , 200 'absent' 'present' , 201 'absent' 'present' , 202 'opens laterally on antorbital rim or facial wing of lacrimal' 'opens within orbit or posterolaterally' 'passes through orbit wall, holes on both sides' , 203 'does not contact frontals' 'contacts frontals' 'process is weak or absent; maxillary-premaxillary suture on lateral rostrum is nearly vertical' , 204 'regularly convex' 'angled, well-developed facial tubercle' , 205 'project to approximately the same distance' 'retracted moderately [extend somewhat far anteriorly],' 'retracted strongly, (large portion of the premaxilla is anterior to the nasals) this last part mght complicate whales' , 206 'anterior to or at orbit anterior margin' 'posterior' , 207 'absent' 'present' , 208 'separate' 'touching' , 209 'small - short' 'large - tall' , 210 'convex' 'non-convex' , 211 'present' 'absent' , 212 'small, does not expand lateral to orbit' 'large, expanded laterally over orbit' , 213 'absent' 'present ' , 214 'absent' 'present' , 215 'area anterior to orbit 1/3 greater than area posterior' 'area anterior to ant. orbit margin is 2 times the length of the area posterior to the anterior orbit margin' 'area anterior to orbit more than 2x greater than area posterior' , 216 'ventral to glenoid cavity' 'level with or dorsal to glenoid cavity' , 217 'anterior to condyle''s anterior extreme' 'posterior to condyle''s anterior extreme' , 218 'anterior to entire bulla' 'posterior to any part of bulla' , 219 'at level of palate' 'dorsal to palate' 'ventral to palate' , 220 'absent' 'present' , 221 'absent' 'present' , 222 'strong' 'loose, post-mortem loss being frequent' , 223 'one' 'two' '> two' , 224 'anterior or inferior to orbit' 'superior to orbit' , 225 'over M1' 'P4' 'at P3-P4' 'at P3 or anterior' , 226 'present' 'absent' , 227 'present' 'absent' , 228 'present' 'absent' , 229 'absent' 'present' , 230 'absent' 'present' , 231 'absent' 'present' , 232 'absent' 'present' , 233 'absent/tiny flange off of frontal (and sometimes jugal)' 'almost complete' 'complete' , 234 '50-50 jugal/frontal' 'mostly jugal' 'mostly frontal' , 235 'absent' 'present' , 236 'sloping present' 'sloping absent, nasal bones are level' , 237 'over P3' 'Over P4 or P4-M1 division' 'over M1 or M1-M2 division' 'over M3 or baleen' 'posterior to teeth or baleen' , 238 'absent' 'present' , 239 'incomplete (i.e., the two bones are not in full contact in lateral view)' 'complete' 'bones not in contact' , 240 'absent' 'present' , 241 'absent' 'present' , 242 'present' 'absent' , 243 'concave, rostrum (odontocetes) gradually or abruptly curves superiorly to the braincase' 'flat-convex' , 244 'fully inferior' 'partly superior' , 245 'absent' 'present' , 246 'absent' 'present' , 247 'shallow-even posteriorly' 'deepening posteriorly' , 248 'absent' 'present' , 249 'absent' 'present' , 250 'shallow [does not dip much below condyle' 'deep' , 251 'absent' 'present' , 252 'Small, maximum height of opening < or = 25% the height of the mandible at M3' 'large, (continuous with a large posterior fossa), maximum height > or = 50% the height of the mandible at M3' , 253 'straight' 'recurved' , 254 'substantially superior to dentition' 'even with/below superior aspect of dentition' , 255 'superior to condyle' 'inferior to condyle' , 256 'one' 'two' 'three or more' 'groove' , 257 'convex' 'concave' , 258 'posterior' 'dorsal' , 259 'absent' 'present' , 260 'postorbital position' 'supraorbital position' , 261 'not forked' 'forked' , 262 'absent' 'present' , 263 'absent' 'present' , 264 'absent' 'present' , 265 'absent' 'present' , 266 'absent' 'present' , 267 'deciduous' 'nondeciduous' , 268 'females and males' 'males only' , 269 'absent' 'present' , 270 'simple development of maxilloturbinals in nasal cavity' 'maxilloturbinals large and branching, excluding nasoturbinals from narial opening' , 271 'absent' 'present' , 272 'lateral margin more distal than medial margin' 'lateral and medial edges equally distal' 'lateral margin more anterior than medial margin' , 273 'angled back (i. e. viewed from above the lateral margins are more distal than the medial margins)' 'straight' 'curved' 'medial margins more distal than lateral margins' , 274 'absent' 'present' , 275 'blunt - gently rounded outward' 'longer medial border than lateral border' 'medial and lateral borders equal length with central indentation at rostral end' 'point' 'longer lateral border than medial border' , 276 'anteroposteriorly compressed' 'anteroposteriorly elongate' , 277 'parallel or slightly divergent' 'wide and divergent' 'strongly convergent' 'divergent then convergent at caudal extreme' , 278 'absent' 'present' , 279 'absent' 'present' , 280 'absent' 'present' , 281 'absent' 'present' , 282 'absent' 'present' , 283 'right and left equal' 'left much larger than right' 'extremely small' , 284 'absent' 'present' , 285 'absent' 'present' , 286 'absent' 'present' , 287 'symmetric' 'asymmetric' , 288 'present' 'absent ' , 289 'constriction even with fronto-parietal suture' 'constriction anterior to fronto-parietal suture' , 290 'absent' 'structures on right more developed and larger than on left' , 291 'absent' 'present' , 292 'absent' 'present' , 293 'symmetric' 'asymmetric' , 294 'lateral to opening' 'enters left opening' , 295 'do not contribute to vertex of skull' 'contribute to vertex of skull' , 296 'dorsomedial surfaces of premaxillae do not meet' 'dorsomedial surfaces of premaxillae meet' , 297 'absent' 'present' , 298 'absent' 'present' , 299 'present' 'absent' , 300 'separate' 'fused' , 301 'absent' 'present' , 302 'absent' 'present' , 303 'absent' 'present' , 304 'absent' 'present' , 305 'absent' 'present' , 306 'absent' 'present' , 307 'not ossified' 'ossified' , 308 'two' 'one' 'zero' , 309 'yes' 'no' , 310 'not constricted at proximal base' 'constricted at proximal base' , 311 'absent' 'present' , 312 'absent' 'present' , 313 'posterior to last tooth' 'at last tooth' 'at M2' 'at M1' 'at P4' 'does not narrow' , 314 'absent' 'present' , 315 'maxilla over frontal (odontocete)' 'maxilla under frontal (mysticete)' , 316 'absent' 'present' , 317 'midpoint of rostrum' 'posterior of rostrum' 'Anterior of rostrum' , 318 'roofed by nasals (not visible dorsally)' 'exposed dorsally' , 319 'fully separate' 'separate until just proximal to the blowhole' 'confluent' , 320 'vertical' 'antero-posterior' , 321 'no' 'yes' , 322 'approximately twice as large as incisors or larger' 'same size as incisors' , 323 'present' 'absent' , 324 'absent' 'present' , 325 'present' 'absent' , 326 'narrow and pointed' 'spatula shaped' , 327 'narrow and pointed' 'spatula-shaped (or broad base)' , 328 'finite, closed roots' 'prolonged-continuous, open roots 3x longer than crown' , 329 'canine is posterior' 'canine lateral or anterior' , 330 'bladelike [laterally compressed]' 'caniniform (conical)' , 331 'oval' 'triangular' , 332 'cone or blade, shape unmodified by significant distal(vertical) toothwear' 'flat, blade-like wear facet developed' , 333 'single lobe' 'bilobed' , 334 'procumbent' 'upright' , 335 'present' 'absent' , 336 'one' 'two' , 337 'blade-conical, sometimes with small heel' 'broad with more than two cusps' , 338 'no' 'yes' , 339 'present' 'absent' , 340 'one' 'two' , 341 'present' 'absent' , 342 'talonid' 'no talonid' , 343 'present' 'absent' , 344 '7-11 in each side' 'polydont, greater than 11 per jaw' 'less than seven per jaw' , 345 'absent' 'present' , 346 'medial' 'distal' , 347 'absent' 'present' , 348 'present' 'absent' , 349 'smaller than m1' 'greater than m1 length' 'approximately equal' , 350 'absent' 'present' , 351 'absent' 'present' , 352 'present' 'absent' , 353 'present' 'absent' , 354 'absent' 'present' , 355 'partly confluent with (intersects) cristid obliquid' 'independent of crista obliqua' , 356 'present' 'absent' , 357 'Paracristid winds lingually (cusp lingual)' 'Paracristid straight mesiodistally (cusp anterior)' , 358 'Subequal to height of talonid' 'closer to twice height of talonid or greater' , 359 'Present, forms distinct cusp' 'absent - occasionally present as swelling on lingual side of protoconid' , 360 'absent' 'present' , 361 'present' 'absent' , 362 'Paracristid winds lingually (and cusp lingual)' 'Paracristid straight mesiodistally (cusp anterior)' , 363 'absent (trigonid and talonid of roughly equal width)' 'present' , 364 'Basined (or just wide if ruminant)' 'narrow and laterally compressed' , 365 'absent' 'present' , 366 'Present, forms distinct cusp' 'absent - occasionally present as swelling on lingual side of protoconid' , 367 'absent' 'present' , 368 'midline' 'lingual of midline' 'buccal of midline' , 369 'due to large hypoconulid, tooth has elongate oval outline' 'small hypoconulid, talonid not elongate, tooth outline squarish. ' , 370 'approximately equal' 'trigonid higher than talonid' , 371 'present' 'absent' , 372 'absent' 'present' , 373 'Poorly defined or absent' 'continuous from mesial to distal extreme' , 374 'absent' 'present' , 375 'absent' 'present' , 376 'incomplete-absent' '"complete- present' , 377 'proximal' 'absent' 'distal' , 378 'absent' 'present' , 379 'absent' 'present' , 380 'cuspate' 'elongate merged into an antero-posteriorly extending crest.' , 381 'directly labial' 'slightly mesial to protoconid' 'slightly distal' , 382 'absent' 'present' , 383 'present' 'absent' , 384 'absent' 'present' , 385 'absent/rare (1 or less)' 'numerous on lingual and buccal sides' , 386 'present' 'absent' , 387 'Paracristid winds lingually (cusp lingual)' 'Paracristid straight mesiodistally (cusp anterior)' , 388 'Present, forms distinct cusp' 'absent - occasionally present as swelling on lingual side of protoconid' , 389 'present' 'absent' , 390 'long, protrudes as a large, separate distal lobe' 'short, does not protrude substantially beyond talonid' , 391 'longer than m2' 'shorter than m2' 'equal' , 392 'absent' 'present' , 393 'homodont - conical' 'homodont - spatulate' 'heterodont' , 394 'absent' 'incipient' 'yes' , 395 'resembles m1' 'six-cusped, additional neomorphic cusp on paracristid' , 396 'resembles size of adjacent teeth' 'twice the size of adjacent teeth or larger' , 397 'occlusally directed' 'laterally directed' , 398 'present' 'absent' , 399 'equal or smaller' 'larger' , 400 'absent' 'present' , 401 'present' 'absent' , 402 'absent' 'present' , 403 'absent' 'present' , 404 'caniniform (conical)' 'laterally compressed' , 405 'absent' 'present' , 406 'no' 'yes' , 407 'present' 'absent' , 408 'arc or medio-laterally straight' 'antero-posterior' , 409 'homodont' 'heterodont' , 410 'absent' 'present' , 411 'premolariform, multicuspate, complex, squared' 'conical or blade-shaped' , 412 'one' 'two/three' , 413 'absent' 'present' , 414 'absent' 'present' , 415 'absent' 'present' , 416 'lingual (anterior)' 'posterior' , 417 'absent' 'present' , 418 'absent' 'present' , 419 'absent' 'present' , 420 'absent' 'present' , 421 'absent' 'present' , 422 'absent' 'present' , 423 'present' 'absent' , 424 'medial or posterior to paracone' 'anterior to paracone' , 425 'Equal - subequal to height of paracone of M1' 'greater than twice the height of M1 paracone' , 426 'absent' 'present' , 427 'small round cusp' 'crest' 'larger round cusp, half-equal paracone size' , 428 'absent' 'present' , 429 'three or more' 'two' 'one' , 430 'absent' 'present' , 431 'absent' 'present' , 432 'cusp' 'crest' , 433 'present' 'absent, metastyle equal, or projects less labially than parastyle ' , 434 'broad' 'narrow, consisting mainly of ridge' , 435 'absent' 'present' , 436 'absent' 'present' , 437 'incomplete, does not extend around entire protocone' 'complete, extends around entire protocone' , 438 'at least three' 'incipient three' 'two' 'one' , 439 'absent' 'present' , 440 'present' 'absent' , 441 'absent' 'present' , 442 'short (<6%) of body length' 'long (>15% of body length).' , 443 'conical (not substantially wider than crown)' 'exhibit annual swelling' , 444 '7-11 in each side' 'polydont, greater than 11 per jaw' 'less than seven per jaw' , 445 'present' 'absent' , 446 'at least three' 'incipient three' 'two' , 447 'present' 'absent' , 448 'absent' 'present' , 449 'present' 'absent' , 450 'Distinct cusp, sub-equal to paracone' 'distinct cusp approximately half the size of the paracone or less' 'absent' , 451 'absent' 'present' , 452 'absent' 'present' , 453 'mesiodistal' 'distobuccal' 'distolingual' , 454 'broad (square or triangular)' 'narrow' , 455 'mesiodistal' 'mesiobuccal' 'mesiolingual' , 456 'absent' 'present' , 457 'absent' 'present' , 458 'mesiodistal' 'mesiobuccal' 'mesiolingual' , 459 'absent' 'present' , 460 'mesiodistal' 'distobuccal' 'distolingual' , 461 'absent' 'present' , 462 'absent' 'present' , 463 'cusp' 'crest' , 464 'present' 'absent' , 465 'present' 'absent' , 466 'absent' 'present' , 467 'larger than M2' 'approximately equal to M2' 'less than 60% the length of M2' , 468 'at least three' 'two' 'one' , 469 'absent' 'present' , 470 'absent/rare (1 or less)' 'numerous on lingual and buccal sides' , 471 'absent' 'present' , 472 'absent' 'present' , 473 'absent' 'present' , 474 'revolute' 'flat' , 475 'absent' 'present' , 476 'absent' 'present' , 477 'articulate' 'do not articulate' , 478 'flat and plate-like' 'rod-like' , 479 'cervicals long, length of centrum greater than or equal to the centra of the anterior thoracics' 'short, length shorter than centra of anterior thoracics' , 480 'absent' 'present' , 481 'large' 'equal or smaller' , 482 'flat plate' 'peg' , 483 'absent' 'present' , 484 'close to continuous' 'discontinuous' , 485 'peg' 'spout' 'absent' , 486 'less than 10' '10-15' '16-20' , 487 'one' 'two-three' 'four' 'five-six' 'zero' , 488 'zero' 'one' 'two' 'three' 'four' , 489 '> 2/3 area of scapula' 'bissects scapula' , 490 'medially' 'anteriorly' , 491 'small and nonprojecting' 'large and laterally projecting' , 492 'absent' 'present' , 493 'absent' 'present' , 494 'large' 'small' , 495 'even with head' 'superior to head' , 496 'extends inferior to glenoid' 'does not extend inferior to glenoid' , 497 'slanted' 'parallel with long axis of the bone.' , 498 'proximal' 'midshaft' 'very distal' , 499 'present' 'absent' , 500 'M-L dimensions > A-P dimensions' 'A-P dimensions > M-L dimensions' , 501 'a cone tapering laterally' 'a parallel sided cylinder' , 502 'central ridge with two angled sides' 'round' 'inferiorly flat' , 503 'concavity primarily on inferior surface' 'convex surfaces on anterior, inferior and posterior surfaces' , 504 'absent' 'present' , 505 'Shallow' 'deep, sometimes perforate' , 506 'present' 'absent' , 507 'Wide, > or = 50% width of ulnar and radial articular facets' 'narrow' , 508 'no' 'yes' , 509 'greater than 1' 'less than one' 'equal' , 510 'absent' 'present' , 511 'no' 'yes' , 512 'no' 'yes' , 513 'present' 'absent' , 514 'robust tuberosity' 'flat plate' , 515 'Short, < 10% total ulnar length' 'long, > 10% total ulnar length' , 516 'concave' 'straight' 'convex' , 517 'ulna much narrower than distal radius (often pointed)' 'ulna broad - subequal to distal breadth of radius' , 518 'absent' 'present (regardless of type of fusion)' , 519 'fused proximally and distally but not in between' 'fused completely' , 520 'laterally' 'anteriorly' , 521 'absent' 'present' , 522 'absent' 'present' , 523 'present' 'absent' , 524 'Mesaxonic, MC III longer than MC IV or II' 'paraxonic, MC III equal to MC IV in length' , 525 'present' 'absent' , 526 'absent' 'present' , 527 'present (about 50% the size of MC II)' 'absent or splint (less than 50% size of MC II)' , 528 'large ( > 50% length of III)' 'equal to a splint, nodule or absent' 'small (< half the size of 3 or 4)' , 529 'large (> 50% length of III)' 'equal to a splint, nodule or absent' 'small ( or =70% width of the astragalus' , 558 'A-P axis is longest' 'M-L axis longer than A-P axis or equal' , 559 'short' 'long' , 560 'extends onto astragalar neck' 'restricted to (head) tibial articular surface' , 561 'Nearly flat to slightly concave' 'grooved, depth of trochlea < 25-30% width of trochlea' , 562 'absent' 'present' , 563 'lateral border taller than medial border' 'lateral and medial borders equally tall' 'medial border taller than lateral border' , 564 'Convex' 'saddle shaped' 'flat' , 565 'shallow' 'deep' , 566 'absent' 'present' 'New state' , 567 'medial even with lateral border' 'medial border extends further plantad' , 568 'present' 'absent' , 569 'present' 'absent' , 570 'small, contact < or = 30% of the width of the distal articular surface' 'large, contact > or = 40% of the articular surface' , 571 'absent' 'present' , 572 'wide continuation' 'narrow, curved facet' , 573 'absent' 'present' , 574 'absent' 'present' , 575 'absent' 'present' , 576 'half moon concavity' 'flat-gently concave' 'two perpendicular planes' , 577 'absent' 'present' , 578 'absent' 'present' , 579 'absent' 'present' , 580 'very small/slight' 'pronounced' , 581 'absent' 'present' , 582 'absent' 'present' , 583 'ventral' 'lateral' , 584 'absent' 'present' , 585 'absent' 'present' , 586 'absent' 'present' , 587 'not aligned' 'aligned' , 588 'small-angled (60 degrees) dorsoplantar' 'wide arc (200 degrees) dorsoplantar' , 589 'neck narrower than tibial trochlea' 'neck as wide as tibial trochlea' , 590 'flat' 'angled' , 591 'unfused' 'fused' , 592 'not fused' 'fused' , 593 'fused' 'not fused' , 594 'absent' 'present' , 595 'absent' 'present' , 596 'open distally' 'closed distally' , 597 'absent' 'present' , 598 'digit 3 much longer than 4' 'digits 3 and 4 equal length' , 599 '> or =50% length of 3rd metatarsal' '< 50% length of 3rd metatarsal' 'Very small, a nodule (< 25% MT3), small splint or completely absent' , 600 '> or = 50% length of 3rd metatarsal' '< 50% length of 3rd metatarsal' 'Nodule (< 25% MT3), small splint or absent' , 601 '> or =50% length of 3rd metatarsal' '< 50% length of 3rd metatarsal' 'Very small, nodule (< 25% MT3) or small splint or absent' , 602 'on plantar surface only' 'extended anteriorly' , 603 'absent' 'present' , 604 'curved inferiorly' 'straight (flat)' , 605 'Phalanx compressed transversely' 'broad transversely' , 606 'asymmetrical' 'symmetrical' , 607 'abundant' 'sparse-absent' , 608 'present' 'absent' , 609 'abundant' 'sparse' , 610 'two' 'three' , 611 'absent' 'present' , 612 'absent' 'present' , 613 'absent' 'present' , 614 'diffuse' 'cotyledonary' 'zonary' 'discoid' , 615 'few' 'many' , 616 'absent' 'present' , 617 'four' 'two' 'eight or more' 'six' , 618 'terrestrial (< 10% of time in water)' 'semi-aquatic or aquatic (> 10% of time in water)' , 619 'absent' 'present' , 620 'absent' 'present' , 621 'flat anteriorly, thick posteriorly' 'uniformly flat' , 622 'absent' 'present' , 623 'not well-defined' 'well-defined' , 624 'centered' 'off to one side' , 625 'elongate, wrapped in tight helix' 'round, not wrapped in tight helix' , 626 'absent' 'present' , 627 'absent' 'present' , 628 'absent' 'present' , 629 'absent' 'present' , 630 'absent' 'present' , 631 'absent' 'preesnt' , 632 'absent' 'present' , 633 'absent' 'present' , 634 'glandular (secreting)' 'composite (glandular + squamous)' , 635 'unilocular' 'plurilocular' , 636 'absent' 'present' , 637 'absent' 'present' , 638 'absent' 'present' , 639 'absent' 'present' , 640 'absent' 'present' , 641 'absent' 'present' , 642 'absent' 'present' , 643 'absent' 'present' , 644 'no' 'yes' , 645 'no' 'yes' , 646 'absent' 'present' , 647 'absent' 'present' , 648 'absent' 'present' , 649 'absent' 'present' , 650 'absent' 'present' , 651 'modified into frontal sac' 'modified into inferior vestibuli' , 652 'absent' 'present' , 653 'absent' 'present' , 654 'absent' 'present' , 655 'absent' 'present' , 656 'absent' 'present' , 657 'absent' 'present' , 658 'terrestrial carnivory' 'insectivory' 'herbivory' 'aquatic carnivory ' , 659 'absent' 'present' , 660 'absent' 'present' , 661 'absent' 'present' , 662 'small olfactory bulb width less than 120% of width of brain stem at foramen magnum' 'large olfactory bulb width equal to or greater than 120% of width of brain stem at foramen magnum' , 663 'compact connection olfactory bulb connected to brain via a compact connection by way of a short thick olfactory peduncle containing paleocortical cells' 'thin connection via a thin connection by way of a longer and thinner olfactory peduncle containing mainly olfactory fibers with nerve cells only in its most caudal part' , 664 'all output cells scattered throughout olfactory bulb Johnson et al. state 0' 'a subpopulation of output cells gathered into a distinct monolayer of mitral cells juxtaposed to a separate layer of tufted cells Johnson et al. state 1' , 665 'present Johnson et al. state 0' 'absent Johnson et al. states 1 & 2' , 666 'dorsal part of lateral olfactory tract dLOT passes through olfactory bulb under ventral to accessory olfactory formation AOF Johnson et al. state 0' 'some dLOT fibers pass ventral to AOF other pass through AOF Johnson et al. states 1 & 2' 'all dLOT fibers pass through AOF Johnson et al. state 3' 'all dLOT fibers pass lateral to AOF' , 667 'inferior colliculus smaller than superior colliculus' 'subequal' 'inferior colliculus larger than superior colliculus' , 668 'absent colliculus covered completely by cerbral vermis and cerebral hemispheres' 'present' , 669 'inferior colliculii exposed fully on dorsal surface of brain not covered by cerebellar vermis or cerebral hemispheres' 'partially exposed medial longitudinal fissure and medial portions of colliculi covered by rostral extension of cerebral vermis' , 670 'small combined width of vermis in dorsal view is smaller than or equal to the total width of foramen magnum' 'large combined width of vermis in dorsal view is greater than the total width of foramen magum' , 671 'facial nerve emerges dorsal to trigeminal sensory column Johnson et al. state 0' 'all facial nerve fibers pass through trigeminal sensory column Johnson et al. state 1' 'a few fibers of facial nerve pass through tigeminal sensory column most fibers pass ventral to column Johnson et al. state 2' 'all facial nerve fibers pass ventral to trigeminal sensory column Johnson et al. state 3' , 672 'absent Johnson et al. state 0' 'present Johnson et al. state 1' , 673 'absent Johnson et al. state 0' 'present Johnson et al. state 1' , 674 'absent Johnson et al. state 0' 'present Johnson et al. state 1' , 675 'nucleus in lateral position Johnson et al. state 0' 'with both lateral and medial componenents connected by a thin band of cells Johnson et al. states 1 & 2' 'nucleus in medial position Johnson et al. state 3' , 676 'present Johnson et al. states 0 & 1' 'absent Johnson et al. state 2' , 677 'postcranial representations complete include all limbs Johnson et al. state 0' 'postcranial representations partial some regions not represented Johnson et al. state 1' , 678 'oral and perioral projections to primary somatosensory thalamus and neocortex completely contralateral Johnson et al. state 0' 'mostly contralateral with a few ipsilateral projections Johnson et al. state 1' 'with a substantial number of ipsilateral projections Johnson et al. state 2' 'projections predominantly ipsilateral Johnson et al. state 3' , 679 'posterior zones of primary somatic sensory cortex SI contain a single complete body representation Johnson et al. state 0' 'additional complete body representations present Johnson et al. state 1' , 680 'somatosensory representation in primary somatic sensory cortex SI oriented with distal digits projecting anteriorly in same direction as ventral aspect of head representation' 'distal digits project posteriorly reveresed relative to head represenation' , 681 'absent Johnson et al. state 0' 'present Johnson et al. state 1' , 682 'tectopetal connections from retinas predominantly contralateral with very scanty ipsilateral projections arranged in isolated patches Johnson et al. state 0' 'projections predominantly contralateral with substantial patchy ipilateral projections and some continuity between patches Johnson et al. state 1' 'projections predominantly contralateral with substantial ipsilateral projections forma a continuous band Johnson et al. state 2' 'approximately equivalent bilateral projections Johnson et al. state 3' , 683 'absent includes Johnson et al. states 0 & 5' 'present includes Johnson et al. states 1 4' , 684 'laminated with outer molecular layer subadjacent layer f mixed granule and fusiform cells and innermost core layer of unlaminated mixed cell types Johnson et al. state 1' 'laminated with external layer of granule cells overlying the layer of mixed granule and fusiform cells otherwise as in state 0 Johnson et al. state 2' 'laminated with layer of fusiform cells underlying the external layer of granule cells otherwise as in state 1 Johnson et al. state 3' 'laminated external granule layer lost during development otherwise as in state 2 Jonhson et al. state 4' , 685 'no visable separation between clausturm and cortex Johnson et al. state 0' 'some separation between claustrum and cortex traces of a capsule can be detected Johnson et al. state 1' 'claustrum mostly but not completely separated from cortex capsule incomplete Johnson et al. state 2' 'claustrum completely separated from cortex by complete capsule Johnson et al. state 3' , 686 'external cuneate nucleus not separated from cuneate gracile nuclear complex Johnson et al. state 0' 'nuclei completely separated at caudal levels Johnson et al. state 1' , 687 'absent Johnson and Kirsch state 0' 'present Johnson and Kirsch state 1' , 688 'present Johnson and Kirsch state 0' 'absent Johnson and Kirsch state 1' , 689 'present' 'absent' , 690 'greater than 55 degrees' '25 to 55 degrees' 'less than 25 degress' , ; MATRIX 'Orycteropus afer' 11--??0011????0????000?0011010???100--0-001100-001010-00000-10011000000-110010110111-01000000-1000000-00010100-0011-0-0-001000210000-000011?0{0,1}1-110--0011011020110000000-100000?11001110?010000000-10100-0101000--000100001-0000001100000-00401110100100-1001002010---------0?0111211-1110?-0001-000000000100-0000-0101150-020010---0---------1?--1?10020-??--0110-1-0101-00010--0000000100--01001-11-1?00---1-?1----01-00-0000-0000001--0-?200-1-00-2010-0202101-00-0-??-?-00?1102200000000000001010133101100000200011100000100001100-01000000000012000111000102-10101-101001001010-0001-0--0-0-01100000000000010--00010101111?-?0??2-1?0????????????????????????????1000-0000001000????????????????????????????? 'Bos taurus' 1010010011101100-00011011110100101010210111100-001000-00010-1000001001101100100000112?010111110110100-0100010100000-000-0012?00????0-0?????{0,1}0100000--001011111111100100011011000110100-101-001000132011111011000--0100-000101010100101102001300111110001001010001110010001110001-021211100--0001-000000000100-0000-0110150-020011111011?01-?-01?--0?000011110100011100001000000--0000011100111000100000?201--1--1----01-10--100000100100001010110000-0100-00001010112021121111101010000000000001000011220011011100001011111101000010011110111011112121101021101031110001111110001001101101100011000-001101111111111001222001110011011110{0,1}011111000001000011101000011011000-0000002010????????????????????????????? 'Ovis aries' 1010000011101100-011-1111110100101011110111100-001020-00010-1100001001121100101000100?1100100-1110000-01000101100{0,1}0-00100011?00??000-00001000100000--001001111111100100111011000110010-101-0010010-0011101012000--01000000101?0010010110200040001110001000001001?110010001110?010001211110-?0001-000000000100-0010-0100150-020011111011??100001?--1?0?0011100100110100001000000--0010011101110000101000?201-----1---?01-10--100000000100011010111000-0000-0200101010101111111100101000100?0000110000113200100-1-000010111110110000100111?0?1?0??-12101101021111031110001111010001011101101111011100-001111111111111?0122210???0011-??110{0,1}011111000001000011101000011011000-0-00002010????????????????????????????? 'Odocoileus virginianus' 10100000111011011011-1111110100101111010111100-00101??000?0-0?0?-????112110010100011-00000110-1110000-1010010110000-001000?10000?-00-010001?11??000--00100111111100000001101100-010000-1?01000001112000110011000--00010001101000101?01002000301111100000001010110110001010-10?010021211100--0001-000000000100-0000-0101150-02001111100000100001?--0?0000111001-010-100000000000--0000011100110000100000?201--1--1---?01-10--100000010100011000111100-0000-0000101010101111121110111000100000000-00001??-101101110100001111111100000000-11011?01111210010102110?0?11100010110100010010011011000-11?0-0?1-01111111111?01121111000???00010000111--000001000011101000011011000-0-00002010????????????????????????????? 'Cervus elaphus' 10100000111011-1101101111110100101010110111100-00101??00000-110001100111110000000011-11-00111?-1100?0-0010010100000-00000011???1?10--0?00-10??0?000--001011111111000-002-100?000110210-1?01000001112011110012000--00010001101000100101-02001301111100000001010001110001-???-0?0001412-1100-00001-000000000100-0000-0100150-02001111101100100001?--0?000011102100011100001000000---01001110111100?100000?20---1---?--?01-1?-1100000100100011000111000-0000-0200101011101111101110011000000000000-00001-3100010111000000111111010000100101?0?1?0111121001010211010311100011110100010110011011010111?0-0?1111111111111101222111000???00010000????????001000011101000011011000-0-00002010????????????????????????????? 'Giraffa camelopardalis' 1010000011101001100011111110100101110110111100-001001100010-110000100112110010000010210000110-0110000-0000010110011-000-001110200100-00000101000000--0010001111111001002-1011000010000-0?010000001120201{0,1}{0,1}012000--01010000100000100000002000301111110000011010001110010110-00?0130413-1110--0001-000000000100-0000-0101150-02001111101100000101?--0?000011100110010100001000000--0010011100100000100000?201--1--1----01-10--10000010010001-000111100-0000-0000101010101?1111111010100000000100010000112210100-0-110010111110110000000111?0-1?0??-12110101001101011110001111110011011001000101?110?0-0?1001110111-11001?2?101100???0{0,1}11110011111000001000011101000011011000-0000002010????????????????????????????? 'Antilocapra americana' 1010000011101101100001111110100101110110111100-001010-00010-110000000??20000100100100-?10-110-1110000?0000010110000-00100-?-?00-0100-00010100100000-00010011011111001002--00?00011?200-1101000000110010110001000--01010001101000100101002200401111110000001010011111010001010?011021201110--0001-000000000100-0000-0100150-02001111101100000001?--0?000011100110011100001000000--0000011100110000100000?201-----1----01-10--100000100100011010111000-2000-0202101010101111111110100000000000000??0011?2100100-1-1000001111101100001001111011-011112101101021101031110001111110001001101101101011100-001111111111111101222111010??????10??????????????????????????????????????????2010????????????????????????????? 'Moschus moschiferus' 1010000011101101-000-10111101000011?0110111100-000010-00000-0100--10011210001000000{0,1}100100100-1110000?0010110100000-0-0-00?00000?010-0000110??00000--00100111121110000{0,1}1-100?0001100?0-1?000000001120000010010010-0000-1011-1000100?0100200020111010000001001002110---------0??130112-1100--0001-000000000100-0000-0111150-020010-1101100----01?--0?0000110001-0010100001000000--0000011101111000100000?20-101--0000001-10--10001011010001100011??0??0000-0{0,2}001010101011111001101010001000000000000011310011011100000011111-110000000101?011?0111121101010111010311100011110100010111001010--112110-10101111111??1110122211??-0???11111010?????????????????????????????000-0-00002010????????????????????????????? 'Tragulus' 100-000011101100-001-1000110101-01111010111000-00-010-00010-100000000111101011-10010010{0,1}00000-0110000?0010010100010-01?0001010010010-00000110000000--0010001010110001000-101100011000111?000010001210000-10011010-0000-00110000011110000210020111010000000001000110---------0?0010210-1110-00001-000000000100-0000-0110110-02000110100000100001?--0?0000110011000111-0001000000--0000001110110000100000?201001--0001001-10--10111000010001201011??0??0000-0000101010101111110110101000000000010100010122101101111100001111101100001001011011?011101100111021111031100001111110001011101101101?011?0-001111111111111{0,1}012220010100??0?10-0?0?????????????????????????????000-0-00002010????????????????????????????? 'Tursiops truncatus' 11-01-01101100110101-1112001101-00110111101100-01002101111110111?????00-010001-00111-1011---0-0100??0?0201011111-1100-0-?10110111--0-??2-00-00??101010011000--1-010010002100-0201000011011-0001100-2-?3???012110--011100010-1021-1110000021-40010000001000010112000---------0?0110400110-1000111-100000000000-111100101051001100----0----------?---?---10-------------------------?------------0----?--?00----------?-110----?---?--?--?---1-0---------00-01------?----??-?-------------01001010011--14001010001--11--010---1011011010-11?10?1002000--010----------------------------??------?--------------------------------111100?0-?1110000011000--001101001100--0011110011013101????????????????????????????? 'Monodon monoceros' 01-01-01101101110101-1112001101-00110111001100-0100110111110011?????100-0-1--0100101-1001---0-1100030?0201011101-1100-0-100210110000-012110-00??101110011000--1-010010002101100000?0?110?1-0021100-0-?300-012110--0111010120-011-000000002104111-000001000010111000--------?0?0210400-10-1010111-1000000{0,1}0100-1111001101510?10?0----0----------?---?---2--??????????????????-??????????-????????-?????-?--??????-?????1-?????????????-???????0?---?--?-00-??-????????????????--????-----01001010010?114001010001-211--010---1000000010-11?1111002000--01------?----0-----------------??-----------------------------0---------11??0??????1?????????????????????????????11110011013101????????????????????????????? 'Inia geoffrensis' 11-01-011011011101-1-1102001001-00110211001100-01001111111100111?????00-0-0010100101-1001---0-0100030?02010111110110?-0-0100-0110000--12----00??101110011000--1-010010002101112010?{0,1}?110?1-0011100-2-?30--012110--011110002-1021-110000002104011-000001000010112000---------0?0000000-10-1010011-000000000000-0111001010510?1120----0----------?---?---110??????????????????-??????--???????????-???????10??????-?????110????????????-???????0?---?--?-00-??--???????????????--????-----0100101101010?4001010001-111--00----00111--210-11?1011002000--01------?----0-----------------??-----------------------------0---------11??0??????1?????????????????????????????11110011013101????????????????????????????? 'Pontoporia blainvillei' 11-01-0111110110-1?1-1112001?01-00110111111?00-01002????111101110111-00-011--00001?1-1001---0-01????0?0201011111?1100-0-0?-2?011??-0-?10-00-00??101010011000--?-110010002101112000?0011001-0001100-2--30--012100--0111100-0-1021-1100000021-4011-000000000010113000---------0?00-000{2,3}-00-1010001-00000000010100????-111051001100----0----------?---?---10-----------------------?-?------------0----?--?00?---------?-110----?---?--?--?---1-0---------00-01------?----??-?-------------0100101-11112-40??????0--211--010---0011--1010-11?1??????-?0--?10-----?----0-----------------??-------------------?---------0---------11??0??????1?????????????????????????????11110011013101????????????????????????????? 'Kogia breviceps' 11-01-011011001101-1-1112001001-00011011011100-0101-101100110110?????00-0-1--0100101-1001---0-0100000?02010110-101100-0-010010121-00-012100-00??100-10010000----010010000101000100?0?110?010021100-20230--01-?10--0110-0012-0021-1100000021-40-1-00-00100001011-000---------0?0030-02--0-1-00011-111111000100-011102-001510?1110----0----------?---?---10-??????????????????-??????-????????????-???????10??????-?????1-?????????????-???????0?---?--?-00-??-????????????????--????-----01001010--1-214001010001-111--00----0011011110-11?1011002000--01------?----0-----------------??-----------------------------0---------11??0??????110000010?????????????????????10111100003101????????????????????????????? 'Ziphius cavirostris' 11-01-011011001101-1-1112001000100111011101000-0100110111011011-?????00-0-000010010011001---0-0100000?020101010101100-0-10020?-00000-002100-00??101110011000--1-01001000001{0,1}002000?0?110?000001100-2-?30--112110--011101000-1011-111000002114020-00100100001011{0,1}000---------0?0030100-10-1010111-100101011000-0111100011510?1020----0----------?---?---2--??????????????????-??????-????????????-?????-?--??????-?????1-?????????????-???????0?------?-10-??-????????????????--????-----01001010--1-2?4001010001-111--010---1011011110-11?1011000000--01------?----0-----------------??-----------------------------0---------11??0??????1????????000??000101000100??0010110011103101????????????????????????????? 'Balaenoptera acutorostrata' 01-01-0110110110-1-1-1112001001-00011211001100-01???????????1-1?01011?0-0-0010100101-1001----?11010-0?0201011101-1110-0-1012?0110100-010?10-00??100--0010010--2-01-110101100-02-10?0?110?010020100-10230---12100--010120112-1011-1110000020041201-1?000-000-0112000--------?0?0010000-10-0--0001-000001000100-0-0100-001511?1100----1----------?---?------??????????????????-??????-????????????-???????--??????-?????1-?????????????-???????0?------?--10??-????????????????--????------1001010--00014001010001?-11--010---1011011{0,1}10-11?1011100000--01------?----0-----------------??-----------------------------0---------11-10??????1?????01?00100001101001100??00100-0000103101????????????????????????????? 'Hippopotamus amphibius' 11-1011110101001101011100110100001110211110-00-0111-0-00000-100-00000110011--0000011-0001---120111--0?00101100-0011-01100-?2?010?100-0000100111-100--110100101{1,2}111111000110110001100?110?010100000-10100-10111110000010101000000101?0111100130111111001100000012010---------0?-2-0{3,4}1301100--0000-000000000100-0000-0101000-02001100100-11111001?--0?00001101011010-1000010001010000000001010000001-0000?201111-101-001001110000000100000-0-0000-110110000-000010101020211212111001100000000000010001012210111111010000111110010000100111?011?0100011001012211000-1100001011111001111101101111011000-00101011110{0,1}00--010200011011??01?0-??1111-1100000--001110110010--0?000-0000002101????????????????????????????? 'Choeropsis liberiensis' 11-10111101010010001-100011010000111001011??00-0101-0-00000-10010{0,1}100112011--0010011-0001---120111--0?00100110-0011-0-110??2?022?-?0-010-?00111-100--110110110{1,2}111110000110100001100?110?010000000-10000-20020110-0000-001001000100-0101101020111-10001100001102010---------0??03001201100--0000-000000000110-0000-0101000-0200110010--11111000?000?00001111011010-10000100010100000001010-000000100000?201101-1011001001110000-00100000-0-0100-110102000-00021000100001100-0010011210000000000100010132101101110200001111110100001000-10011?0100011000010011010311?0001011110001111101101110001000-00101011110010--01020001101???0??0-??1???????-000--001110110010--01000-0000002?0?????????????????????????????? 'Sus scrofa' 1011010011100100-011-100011011011111101011??00-0101-0-00000-100?000001100100100110112?001--10-01110-0?00000100-0011-01100??2?01?1-00-01010000?1-100--00011010121100000001101000000?010-10011010000-1010110000000--00011001100000{0,1}1100100000040111010001000001012010---------0??03011001110--0001-000000000100-0000-0101050-020011101011?01-1000?000?00001100000000-1-0001-?0101000000000101001001000000?201010010011110011011011101101000120100--100-0000-0000111000-0-00-0-101111001110001000010001012210101-1-000000111111010000100{0,1}11001100100021001010211000-1100001011110001011101101110000000-00100011110010--0102??0??-00110??0-?{0,3}011111000101100010-1010000--01000-0000002000????????????????????????????? 'Babyrousa babyrussa' 1001010011101101001001100110110001111010110-00-010010-00000-1000-????11001001001-01020001---0-0101??1?1----10100011-011100120010???0-0101?00??1-100--10011010111100000001101100000?0?0-1?011020000-1000110000000--00010101100000111?0111000030111010000000001012010---------0?-030111-1110--0001-000000000100-0000-0101050-020011{0,1}01010?01-1001?--1?01001101200010-1-0001-001010100000001000000001-0000?20-111-10000010010--10011010010000-0100--10100000-0000101000-0-00-11010111001000000000010101012210101-1-0000001111100100001000-1???1?0???0-100-010111?00-11?0001011110001011101100110000-10-00101011110??0-?0?????0???0???0??????0???????-101100010-1010000--01000-0000002000????????????????????????????? 'Potamochoerus porcus' 1011010011100100-011-1000110110101111010110-00-010010-00000-0000-????1100101100110112?001---0-01110-0?00000100-00?1-00100??2?01????????????0????100--1201111011?110010001101100000?000-1?011120000-100011{0,1}010000--000100011?0000011-0--100-0401---10000000000012010---------0??2-011--1110--0001-000000010110-0000-0110050-020011{0,1}0101-?0100001?--1?0000110101000101-00010001010000000001010200011-0000?20-111-10000010010--000-1011010000-0100---1100000-0000101001-0-00-0-00?1100001100000000100010-2210101-1-0000001111100100001001110011?0100021001010111000-11?0001111010001111101101110002-10-00101011110010--0102010??-0???0??0-??0???????-101100010-1010000--01000-0000002000????????????????????????????? 'Hylochoerus meinertzhageni' 1011000011101101101001000110110111????10110-00-010010-00010-100??????11201001001-01121011---0-0101??1?1----10110011-011100?20012?-?--0101000??1-100--12110110111110010001101100010-0?0-1?000020000-0010{0,1}{0,1}2000000--00011001101000111?000100004011101000000000101{1,2}010---------0?1030110-1110--0001-000000000100-0000-0101050-02001100100-?11-1001?--1?010011---0011--1-0001-001010000000001000200001-0000?20-111--0010010010--000-1010010000-0101---0100000-0000101000-0-00-0-011111001000000000010001012110101-1-0100001111100100001001110?11?0100021001010211000-11?0001{0,1}11110001011101101111002-00-00100011110110--01121101010???0??????0?????????????????????????????000-0000002000????????????????????????????? 'Tayassu tajacu' 1010000011101101101001000110?10101111010110-00-010011000000-000000000-1001010000101010001-----0111--0?001001-0-00-0-001000?2?010???????????0010?100--100101101??111100001101001000-0?111?0111-0000-1--00---00-00--0001010101000010??01-10010401---10011000001012010---------0??0-011-?1110--0001-000000010110-0000-0100050-02001101101100101001?--0?0000111001100101000010001010100000101010200011-0000?201101-10100010010--10101011010000-0000-1100-0000-0000110001-0-00-0-00?1101000100000000100010?3200101-1-0000001111110100001001110011?0100021001010011110311?00010110{0,1}001100110?10011?010000-001010111100110-010201011000??0??0-?-0???????-10110001101010000--01000-0000002000????????????????????????????? 'Camelus dromedarius' 10110000111011010001-111111010010100--0-000-00-0000-0-00000-1000??-?0112110110100010001101110-1110000?1----100-0000-01100-12?0100010-0?001000100000--0010101012-10001012-10110001100?110?1-0020000-0021111002011000100-00110100010010100200130111010011000000002?{0,1}0---------0?-231411-1100--0001-0000000001-0-0000-01011-0-02001111101100110000?000?1-0011---100010100001000000--0000010100111000100000?201000--0000010-111010010010010001100011??0??0000-000010101010111111011010100000001100010000113210110100000002111110110000000111001100111111001011011-00-11100011110100010010011010-0001110-111001111101110-1122210011001100?0-??0-????0?-001000011101000010101000-0000002010????????????????????????????? 'Lama glama' 100???0????????????????111???0??0????????????0-00???????????????000001120001100100100?0101100-01110-0?00000100-0000-00100?-??02?0110-00010000001000-00010001012111001002110100001100011110100100011002-101001011000100-00110000011010100220130111110001000000002010---------0?021041101110--0001-000000100100-0000-010-150-02001010101100100001?--1?1-0011---000011100000000000--0000011100120000101012?201000-10000010-10--10011010010000101011??0??0000-000010101010111111111010100000001100??00001?31001101010100001111101100001000?1-?11-01111110010100111-0311100010111100010110011001100111?0-11110111110?-10-11222001010??????0-??0?????0??????????????????????1000?0000002010????????????????????????????? 'Dicerorhinus sumatrensis' ????????????????????????11???????????????????0-011????????????0??????112110110000001-0001---0-0011--0?1----100-0011-01100??2?020---1000011100100100-00010001021111001002-101000011?2111101-0000000-0020110000000--0000-00010--00101-01100-1020111110000000000001010---------0?00-0110110-0--0001-000000000110-0000-0100150-020010---0--0-1000-1?--0?0000111-0000110?00011000000--0000110100?20000100002?20?--??-1----10-10--1011101?0?0001100011??1??0000-00001?1000?0???????11?112000?0010000???001??3410101-1-010000111100010000120101?????0????110010111010?0?11010000000010110110011?0100002000-0000000111??????0??????1??0????0?0-??010000100-???????????????????-000?0000002000????????????????????????????? 'Tapirus terrestris' 1010000011101100-011-101111010010111111?110-00-0000-0-00000-000100-??111110110000001-1001---0-0101??0?00100100-0010-0-0-00?110111-11000000000-00100--0110111010210000002-101000-1100?110?1-0000000-0022110012111100010-100101000100001000-0110001010000000001000?10---------0?-030313-10-0--0001-000000000100-0000-0101150-020011011011000-0001?-00?00001111210011-1-0011-00000--00001001010000001-01-2?20-000100000010011011010101000000110000-??1??0100-000010000000-1101101100110000001000001-101023210100-1-0000001111100100001000-100101010002100-0112011?0--001000000000011011-01100110002-01000000001010010--000220011{0,1}1???00?0-?10????????????????????????????1000-0000002000????????????????????????????? 'Equus caballus' 10100000111101010011-111111010010-111111111101-001000-00000-1?0100000112110110000001-10001010-1101--0-0010010100010-000-0010?021101100110100010-100--0010011111110010002-1010000110000-01010000000-20021010110110-0001000010100000100110221130111110001000001000010---------0?00-0311110-0--0000-000000000110--000-0100150-02001110101100100001?--0?00001110010010-100011000000--00101101-0000000100000?20000000000001001110101110110000011000111100-0000-000011001010111111011011100010000000000001123100100-1-11000011111111000010011100101011?02100101120101031001001000000001012-0111-100012-01110000000000000--002221-11100000000-?1010000100101101010-1000000--01000-0000002000????????????????????????????? 'Ailurus fulgens' 100000000-0---00-01101010100001-0101111011111111001-0-00000-01010????1120-0110110010010001001{1,2}1110000-0101011100101-0-110011-020010100101001001-000-0100100101011000000221000021010000-10010000000-21-0101111011000000?001100000110100010?1010200010010000001001010?????????0102?0212010-0??0000100000000011000000?0101050?020?1?01101100100011---01000011100100010000001?0000101000001011100000-------0200100100000010010--1?11101101010110?110110110000-001001101001111010110001-----00100000000000112101100011100011110100100000200-0010100000001000011110100-1001001000000110010?1?11?0???00000?00001000110010-?-100000001000001?2-000????????????????0-???????????000-000000{0,1,2}000????????????????????????????? 'Canis latrans' 000000000-0--100-0110101010000010100111001111111001-0-00000-0101000001110-1??000001000100100121110000-01100100-0100-0-0-0010-0100101000001100001000-00010001111110000012-1000000010001110010020000-01-0101001011000000?000100000210100010?0010111010010000000102010?????????010230412010-0?-0000100000000010000000?0101050?120?11011011001000000000101001101000010?011000000000?110000001110200001?01?1?20010010000001001110110-0011100110?01110110100000-001001101000111010010001-----00100000000000112101100110000011111110000000000-0010100100001000011111100-1001001010000011010?1?11?0???00000?00000000100010??-102010001000001?2-020????????001000000-???????????000-0000000000????????????????????????????? 'Nandinia binotata' 1000??000-0--?00-0110111000000??01001010101111110-1---00000-010-0?00??0?0-1??001001000001---0-1110000-0001010100100-0-110010-0100101101001010001000-000101011111100100002100002010-001100010020000-01-01011010{1,0}{0,1}000000?000100000211110010?001020001001000000010{1,2}010?????????00003041201000??0000100000000010000000?0101050?120?11011011001000101000101001101001000?011001?00110?10000000100?2000-------020010010000001001111110-0000100110?01110100000000-0012001200---00-0-00-100-----00110000000000112101100001100011100100100000200-0010100000001000011110100-100101-100000100010?1?0000???00000?00001000110010??-100010001000001?2-020????????????????0-???????????000-0000000000????????????????????????????? 'Felis silvestris' 100100000-0--100-0110110011000011110--1011111111001-0-00000-010100??010-01000001001000001---0-1110000-00010100-0111-02110010-0100100-00001110001010-000101010111100000001100000010-0010-1010120000-01-010101000---0100-00010000031111101100000111010010000001102010---------000110412010-0--000010--000000100-0000-0100050-120?1101001100100011---1-01001101000000-01-11-----------------------0--------200100100000010010--100-00--100110-0110---0002000-001---------------------------01?00001000??111101110101000011110102100000200-0010100000001000010110100-1001000100000111010-0111-0--100001000000000010010---1020000010?0001?2-020????????001000000-???????????000-0000000?00????????????????????????????? 'Erinaceus europaeus' 100000000-0--100-0100011000010010101100-0110010000010?00000-0101?????00?111??1???000000000100-1110000?01010100-0111-01111010-0000100-0111000001-110?0100111101011000001011000000110010-00010000010-0001100101010001--0?001100000201111000?1010201010010000001001010?????????00013041001000??00000000000000100-0000?0100000?020?1111001-00100001???1?01001101010100-0000?0000000--00000001010000?00101?11200000000000010111--100?1010000000?02010010100000-00101010100001101011000121000001000001000001131011?0000100011111000100000200?0000100100001000012000100?100101-001000010000?1?01?0???01000?00000000110010???10200?1010?0001?3-0?0????????000--0000-0000000--00000-0000001000????????????????????????????? 'Hyopsodus' 100000001110110--00?0?000100000?01-???????1?00100????????????????????-????1--00?00???0?000000-???0-?0?00100100-0011-0-10001?00201-000??0???001-?110-0001?0?1011?10000001-1010?0-01?001?100-00?0000-00001010110110?1--0-00?00000010-0-1000-0?20?110100??????????0??0---------0?00?0?13010-0--0000?000000?001?0-0000-0100000-0200110?0010?0100000?000?000011110100011100001000101010?00010100010000100000?200000000000010011101000001101000100200-110100000-00001010101001101000-0{0,1}12000100?00??0?000?022???1100001200011110000100001200-00?10000000?1???010000100-0101?1-?01?010100?0???01-0-???00?1?0?000000?00010--00?0000001???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Hyracotherium' ??????0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1--00?00???0-00000?????0-?0?1----100-0011-0-0-0??1?020-??10????????0-?100-0001001?????10?0-002-101?00-?1??01?100100?0000-01?01??0?0?11010000-00??0?000111?-1?00-?12011??10000?0000?00{1,2}010---------0?00?011???0-0--000??0000000001?0-0000-0101150-02001101101-00100000?000?0000111001001101000010001011?0?00100101000000100000?2001000000000100111110111011000?00-00010??1??0100-0000111010000110100101011000100???0001000??2??1?1???1?1?000011100?0100001000-10?-0001000?1?0?01?201?00-??0?0??????000010?1???11-11???2-?1?0?000000?00010--?002200111???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Artiocetus clavis' ?????????-1?-?????????????????????-?-?-?????????-001----111?0---?????00-011--011011121?-1---0--111-?0?0201011---?-1-0???1-?-0??1?-??????????????00?-1001100---?--0-010-0-10-0-2-0-?2?11??010020000-00100--0021110-110000011?0000101?01100-?030111010000000000111-10---------0?-000012-1100--0000?000000000100-0-00-0101150-120-1---10???0?????00??010-0011???-10??---1-0??010-0--10-100000????-10-?-1-2?20-000-100--?10111-00-----000-1?-1-0000-??0??0000-00021001?0?1-?0-0-010---2-00000-???---???????-1-11-0?0??????????????????????????????????-????-1-??1-?0?---???????000111001110001110?--000-001000110?0??????????????-???????????--?????-??????????????????????--------?-????????????????????????????????? 'Rodhocetus balochistanensis' ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-???????????????????????????????-???----?----????????--12000211111-01010110-0-10?110000001-----1?--1100-11-1101-11010101011110001110000000-0010101111---0--?10-000001???????????-??????-??????????????????????----------????????????????????????????????? 'Dorudon atrox' 01-01?111011?01101-1-1112001101-00?10110001?00?0000111111011011101-1100-011--010011121001---0-0111--0?02010110-0011-?0?-101201-1000-2?10????00??00-?10010000--1-100-0000110001?110-211?0-010020?00-20111-0001011110101010101000001-10-00020010111010000000010102000---------0?00-041211100-000001000000000000-0000-0110150-100-1110100000100010?000?01000-0110-110-1-1101-01010--110-000000--01101-11-1?22000011000001011110011-1100000010-0100-??0??2000-0012101100---??-?-00?-10--00-1--001011?001114001010001-201--0??1100111011?10-11?110-00000-----1-----?-?---????????????????????????????????????????????????0-???????????????????-??????-??????????????????????----------3???????????????????????????????? 'Basilosaurus' 01--1?111011001101?1-1111001101-0?-1??1??01??0-00?????????1?011??????00-0?1--01?00???-??1---??11?111??010??110--011?????10120?22???????????0????00001001000?????11?0?0002?00000?10-0011000100?0000-0010???0010111001010?0101000021110?0002?0201110100?1??00?0102000?????????0?00?0?0?110-0??00000000000?00100-0000-0101050-100?11101000001000101000101000-0110?110-1?-101---010---10?000?0?--01?01-11-2?22?00001000000011110010-0100001000-0100-??0??2000-001210?2100-01?-??00--??--00-10-001011000101400-0100?1?2??????????0?01011110?11?1?0??????0--011??10?112??0??????????0????????0?????????????????????????0??01220-0-?-???????????????????????????????????????????????????3???????????????????????????????? 'Pachyaena ossifraga' ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01101?0?????????????????????0010010????????????????????????????????????????0??1?0???????????00???100??????????????0?00????????????????????????????????????????????3???????0???????????????????????0?????????????????0??0?????????????????????050?02????0??0?????0?0?000001000011002000?0?011?001010?0--10000??20???010001???1?20?10???0000010011?0001?10000?0000?0000??????0000?000010?0?0?1??????00????1000000000000?00010113??????1?00000111101?0?00001000?100011010002100101?101?00?010110?10?00111101100000011?000001100000001010010??0102000101???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Sinonyx jiashanensis' ???????????????????????1-????????????????????0-?0-???-?0?00--?00?????-120101102000110?-01---1-1110-?0?0010-100-0001-?-1000?2?020????1-?????????-???--0110?0?????1?-0?002-100000?0-?0?1???010000000-00-0111001000-00000?10120-000111?-1-00-0020111011000010-0111{1,2}010--------?0??2-0412-1000--00000000000000100-0000-0101050--2001101000000100010?000?00001101000000-011100101000--10000001010101000111-1?20-100000000010011101?110?000-000--00010??00-0000-000010011001011212010-1-2000-00000000-10010-11--1?--11120001-1101-0100001?00-10?0100???021---010100100-0101101001001001011000000110100001100000001010010--0102000111???????????--?????-??????????????????????----------????????????????????????????????? 'Mesonyx obtusidens' 1010??1110101000-0-0001110001001?11?????1?1100-000??0--0??0-010-??????????0100110011-1001-----11-0---?00100100-01?1-0??????2-020????????????????100--1100?0?????1?00?0101?00000-0--211?00-?0000000-0---????0?-11110000-1010--000?00????00-?020????10010-00??-10---0---------0?02?0?12??0-0--0000-000000000100-0000-0100050-020?110?00????1010?0??00?000011??0?000???????0101010--1000010101--?1?001?1-1?20011???00000?0?11101?1-1?00000001001010??0??0000-001010111001011010010010--?0-000??000??-0?0121101101111???1111????0?000010?0-1000100100021???010201000-0101101001001001011000?000-0100001100000001010010--?102000111???????????-??????-??????????????????????----------????????????????????????????????? 'Dissacus praenuntius' 1011??11111--0010001?1?111101001?1??????????00-00????????????????????-????01000??0?????-1-----???0-???-????1????-01????????2-02-????1?????????-?-???-0100???????10?0?0101??0?00?1-?001?00??00?0000-0??1???????11??000-????????00111?-1?00-?020?1?-10010--000-10---0---------0?0???????--?0--000??000????001?0-0000-?-0-050-020?110??0????10?0?0?000?0?001110200000-011000001000--10000102010101000001-1?20-????????-?--?1???0?1-1?00010001101010??0??0000-0-0010010001-10-0-01000120??0000????????????????????1?11??0111100-?-???????-???????????-2100-0?????-?0??------?--000011011000?00????00001100000001010??0--?-0-?00??-???????????-??????-??????????????????????----------????????????????????????????????? 'Dissacus zanabazari' ??????????10110??00-???111?01?????????????11?0-?0??????????????????????????????100???1??1---?????0????00001100-0101?????00110021???11??????{0,1}?01-00??-011-???????1100??0????0000-10-001?00010???000-0-?1111?011111????0-10-0-0000111?0??0???01011??100??0???????1??0?????????0?0-3041201??0--?00??000000000100-0000-?101050-020?1101001000100010?000?00001101001000-011000101000--1000000101010100010?-1?20?100??0000010?1110??1?1?01010001001010??0??0000-000010010001?1??1001101120000000??00????-10?-1101???-?1-00011110100100000?00-100010000002100-010001110101?110110100100101100000011??10001100000001000010--?-{0,1}2{0,1}?0??????????????-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Harpagolestes orientalis' 1-????1??????????-?????-??????????????????????????????????????????????????01101-0010????1---????????0????????0---??-????-0?2-??????-1??????100-?000--0100-0?-???1?-0-0?2--0???0??????????0100?000-?0020101011111111??0-???1-0000111-?1100-0030111010??????????????0---------0?02?0412010-0--00000000000000100-0000-0100050-02001???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?0100????1001110001-1000010001002010??0??0000-001010110001-10-?-010010--00-00???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?101??????????????000111011100?00?????000110000000?0????????????????????????????-??????-??????????????????????----------????????????????????????????????? 'Harpagolestes uintensis' ?????????????????01????1??????????0?????11???0-??-??0?000?-?110???????11???110110-?000??1--00-?110-?0?00001100-0011-1-???-?10?-?????1??0???100-?100---100001011?1000?0100?01000?01-001?000?0000000-2000?0?0111111?0000-1012--000111?-1?00-0040?1?010010?00000101010---------0?00?0-12?10-0--0000?0000000001?0-0000-0100050-020?110100???01010?0?-00?0000110120000-?01???????????????????1??????0????????20?100100??0010011101-11?000???0???010???????0000-00101011?0?1-????-01011---00-00?????????????????????????????????????00001?00-1??????????-?????1??????????????????????????1??????????????????????????0??????????0???????????????-??????-??????????????????????----------????????????????????????????????? 'Hapalodectes hetangensis' ??????????101?0??-?000?11?001???0?????????1????00???????????????????????-?00-01?00???0??000-?????0000?1----100-0101-01?0?0100002-??110111000??01100000000?10??1?10000001-1????0???????1-?0100?0000-01-0101001111??0000-10?0000003111?00020-0-0111010010?000-1101010?????????0?0?30010010-0--00000000000000100-0000-0100050-120?11-?10?????????00??010?0011-??0?010-011000101000--100000000000010?0111-0?20-10???0??0?10?1110-???-?100??????0?010100100000-000010101001011010010110--???00????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Helohyus plicodon' ??????????10?-???00000111110100???????????11?0-00?????????????????????????-??00?00???{0,1}??0011--???0-???10100100-0?01?0???-010002{0,1}???0-???????????????-?????????????????0??????0??1-?201?10??0???????{0,1}??????????11-??????10-???-???11??????????????????????????0??010---------???-?0???????????00???0??????????????????????0-?????????0?????????????0?010011-1000010-000000000100--000001110102000-000100?20??????????????1???????0?1001000??0?00???0??0000-0-001100110001101000-1010000000???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????102???????????0?????1000101110010011???00?10001010111????????????????????????????-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Ambulocetus natans' ????????-?-??????-???-????????????????????????????--??1???1??1????????--??????????-??-??-??????1?-????-????1????--1-?-??-????--?????????????????10??1-??????????-?????00-?????-??????-???????2???????-???????????????????????--??????--?-??????1???-0000000101????-????????????????1??--??????????0??????????????0-0?????0-?20?1????0?????????????????0?110??01-10-?????0001010--1?010--00---01100011-2?-0-????????????0????????0?000??????01???????????0-??-?-0-1??0--110??0????-1?????000000-??????221?-???-?-?--?????-11??-00001?-0-10?010-100--100-01-101100-?????????????-?10?????--??????????????0???-???110???10?0--10-???????????-??????-??????????????????????---?------????????????????????????????????? 'Gobiohyus orientalis' ??????????1??????011-10?11?0100?0-????????11?0-00???????????????????????????????0?????-100-10--??0??????????????-???0????0?10???????-??????1??0?00???0????????????-????2???0000?????????????????-0--0--101???011-???00????1??-0?11100-00??-?20??10-00-00-0001002010?????????0??030?1?01??0--0000?000??0?001?0-0?00?01???50-020?11-110????1000?0?-?0?00001111110000-000000000001010000010101000000000000?20?10???00000?0?111110000010010001000010100110000-0000110010000110?00101010000000?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0????0100011111011001010?00010001010111????????????????????????????-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Leptomeryx' 10000000111010011001-101111010010111101011--00-000010-00010-1100?????111110110110011-00100000-1110001?0010000100000-0-??001000100010-000???00101000-0001011???0?1?00?001-1?00000110200?10010000000-2000101001111000000-001101-0011110110201020111110001000001001110---------0?013111111100--00000000000?00100-0000-01???50-02001111100000100000?000?000011102100011100001000000--0000011100110000000000?201-????0???????10--10100010010001200011100100000-0000101011100111111110101000000?????????010?{2,3}{1,2}001101110000001111110100001000-11?1110100121101010211010311100010110100010?1???10110??021?0-0?101111?1111110?122200100???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Poebrotherium' 1000-?00111011010001-1000110101-0100-?1011??00-000020-00010-0000??00-10-001--011001000010100120110000?00100100-0000-001000000002001--010-10?011-000-0001001111?01000-002-101000011?001?1001002000111000???0010110-0000-0011-000011010100200010111110000000101000110---------0?023111111100--0001-000000000100-0000-0100-50-02001110101-00100001?--0?00001100000001-100001010000--000001110?100000100000?20100010000101001101001-0010010001100011??0??0000-00001010101011111111101000000000110000000001210011?1110000021111111100000001110?110011111100101111101031110?010111100010011011000-000--?0-10100011110110--1122200101???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Agriochoerus' 1-??00-1111???01001001??-1101?0?011???0-11??00-?00000-00000-0101?????111011--00100100-0101000-1110000?00211100-0010-01100012002-00?0-0?0???00???100-00000001010110001001-10{0,1}0000111211-101-0010000-0000111000011100000-00100100011010100000120111010001000001010010---------0?003011201110--0000?000000000100-0000-0100050-02001111100000100000?010?00001111010010?100000000000--001001111000000?100000?201101--0010010-110010111010010000-0001{0,1}100100000-000010{0,1}0101011111111{0,1}01100000000??000-?0010?1-101101010200011111000100001100-10?110000002100-010011100-1100101111010001001101101110000-00-00101011010110--?102000101???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Merycoidodon sp.' 1011000011101100-011-111111010010111101-11??00-?00000-00000-0101?????112111--0010011-11{0,1}01000-111000??1----100-0011-011000111021???0-0?0???00100100-01000001000100?0100{0,1}11?00000111211-101-0000010-0001111000011000001000010?00010110100201010111010001000000010010---------0?003011201110--0000?000000000100-0000-0100050-02001111001100000000?010?000001112100110100001000000--0010011110101000100000?2011000000100100110110011010010000-000111000-0000-00001000101001111111100010000000??001???????21101101111200011111100100001000-10?110000002100-010111100-1100001111010001101101100101000001000100011110110--?102000101???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Diacodexis pakistanensis' ???????????????????001-1-??0?00???????0-?????0-?0---0-00000-010-?????10-??1--00?00???0-?-000??11?0000?1----100-0001-1???001100001--0-0-0-10?1?1-110-0001001-????1--??0001?00000001?00-??0000010000-00?0101001000--0000-00-00-000111-0000020020111010010010000001010---------0?011121211110--00000000000000110-0000-0100050-02001110101100?00000?000?01001100201100-000000000101210000011101020000000000?20?1000100000100111110000000001000-0000---0100000-00001100100001101000-1111000100-??000-00010-11-?????1??000?-0????0?-00000100-10?1000000111--101-201100-1100-0??11?--011001?0?100????0???0-??????1-??00100-?-210--00-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Diacodexis northamerican' ??????????????0??00000?10?-01001??????????11?0-?0???????????????????????????????0????0???????1????????1010?10??????-?????0?0???0?????????????????1???0??0??????????0???1???1???????????????-???????0??????????010???????????????????????????-??1???0??????????????0---------0??????1????????000??00???00????0??????01???50-020?1????0???0?????????01000?1100100000-000001000100-10000011101020000000000?20-?????????????????000-0001000000-0000-??0??0000-0?001100101011101000-0011000100-??0-0?-00-0111--????{0,1}?1-000011111??1?000??00-1?????1????2100-0102010{0,1}0211001???100100110111011010-00000?0-001010111101-0--?10-000101???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Perchoerus' 10000000111011010011--0001101?0?01-???--11??00-?101-0-00000?0101?????1100-1--00110100?0001000-011{0,1}0?0?00101100-0011-01100??2?01?-?00-0?0????11?-100-0010011101?-1000?00011?1000001?0011?0011010000-00201010010110?000100011100003{0,1}1101010-0030111010???0??????????0---------0?011011101110--0000?000000000100-0000-0100050-02001101100000101000?000?00001100010000-1-0001-00?01110000000101000000100000?201100{0,1}000000100111010010011010000-0001-110??0000-00001100100001101000-0110000000?????????????????????1?0?0000111111?1?000?0?111??????????2??????0???????????-??????10011??1???10110???00?0-0?101011??0??????????1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Archaeotherium' 1010010011101100-011-111-1101?01?111101111??00-?10010-00000-0000?????1120-0--001101001001---12?11000??00100100-0011-1?100??2?02?0010-010-1?001??110-01101001011110000002-10100001-1211?001-1100000-0001101011{0,1}1110000100010000003111110020003011101010110000011{0,1}000---------0?0030212010-0--0001-100000000100-000000000050-020011011001001010001000101001101100010-000000000101211000001101000000000012?20110010000001001111000-0011010010-0100-??0??0000-000011000000-1101000-01120011000??00010001001100111111110000111110?10000000111??1100122021??101001??00-110000101001000100110?101111012011000101011111??0--?12220011????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Elomeryx' 101001001110110100101100011010010111101011??00-?101-0-00000-0001?????012011--0010010{1,2}11001000-01?000??00100100-0011-0?100001000200?0-??0???101??100-001000110-?11000000011010000111211?11010000000-0010101001011100001010100000031110110000030111110001000001011010---------0?011141201{0,1}00--0000?000000000100-000000100050-02001110101100????00???01000011000110011100001000001110010011101000000100000?201000010?0001001111000-00100100-0-00011??0100000-0000110010101111111110010000000????????0?10?????????????????????????00000{0,1}???1??????????2????????????0????????????100010?1???101?????20?0-0?101011?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Microbunodon minimum' ?????????????????????????????????????????????????01-?????0??0?0??????1120?1--001101000?????????1?0????00?01100-0??1-0?100???????????????????1?0?000-0010001101?110000011-1011000?????0-1?000000000-00-0{0,1}-0001011100000-1011-0000211???00200030111010000000????0-?10---------0?0-?0113000-0--0000?000000000100-0000-0100050-020?1101101??0100000000010100110101-011110000100011101000-01-1-100000?-00000?20?{0,1}1001000001001111000-00100100-0-00011100100000-00001-0010101111110100010000000??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Merycopotamus dissimilis' ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1??????????????00100?00????????????1?????????1??????1-????????????????????????????100-?1000?0???0?1010-00011?{0,1}000?1??000-100?0000000-00?0????1?0111-0000-0010000??????0?10-??02011111000110?????????0---------???0?0?1101?????0001-00000000010000000-0100050-020?110110-?001110?01?001000011???1??0??1010010001111?000001110100000-000000?20111???00000???11??-?????100??????0?01111010?000-0000101010101111?110100110??100?????????????????????1?0??00?1100?0????????????????????????????1?2?10?0?11?0?01?11110001101101?0111101?1?0-001?111111???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Xenohyus venitor' ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0??????????0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0????10-000-??1110000000100001100010001?100001000?0--?0?000-?11?000001100000?20?10???000001??1111001-1011000??0-0?00-??0??0000-00001100?0?0???????0-?010010100????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Anthracokeryx ulnifer' ??????????????????????????????????????????1?????-01--????0??0?01????????0-1--00101100???-???--?11??????????100-???1?????????????????????????????0???00---?1??????0-??012??0100???1?20???0??0000000-1010???001?11??0000?10101-0???11????000??30??10?0010000000002010?????????0??-?041??111???1001-0000000001-0-000??0?00050-020?110110-?001000000??0100001101100010-1000010001010100000?0101000000100000?20-1000000?0?1011111000-0-1-010000-000111100-0000-00001-1010101111?1111-1100000?0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????010011001101?000-00?0110-0010111?1????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Libycosaurus petrocchii' ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????010???1-???1?1????01??0?00????????????????????????????????????????????01-???????????????0??????0?1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????00???0???11???0???0?????0-0?0-0000111-01?0?0?1000010?0100--0??00??1?111??0??00?00?20-0?0000????100111-11??11100?0?0??0?0????0??0000-000010?01?101111?1-11?0?0000000????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Bothriogenys' 1???0111101????????????00110?000????????????00-?101?0?00010?000??????110??1??0010?11?1??0100???100????00000100???10??????00??002????????????????0????1??0?1?????1?10?0001?0{0,1}0000011211?10??0?0?0???0???????0??11000?010101???????1010???0???30????10000??000000{1,2}?10????????????130?????01???00000?0???0??????????0????0050?????111010?10010000000001010011000010011100001000100--0000011101000000100000?20100???0??00???1111000?0010010000?01011100110000?0000111010101111111110010000000????????????????0????0?1200011111111000000001110??100?000?100?01?111100?1100101011110001011101101100001000-00111001110010??010?000111???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Siamotherium krabiense' ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1??00?????????0???010?00110100?010-??000??001010100??0??1??00?00???0000?20???????????1??1????00?001101001110?00-110110000-00001100101001??1001100?1000000????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Cainotherium' 1000-?0?-?10010-?0-1-0-1-??0??0???-1??0-1???00-?00010-00000-000000100111111--00100100?-?00000--110000?0010010110?01-0010001??000001--000?111????100-00010111010-10000002-1?00000110001?10010020001000201?1101011100000-00110000021110001200020101010001010001001010---------0?021041011110--00000000000000100-0000-0100050-020011110011001000000000100001100011000-100001000000--0?00011111000000100000?20100001000-0100110110110011010?01100011??0??0000-00001010101011111111101-10001000??000100010111001101111000011111100100001000-11011-010002100-01011111011100101011010001101001100110101011000101011110??0--?102000101???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Phenacodus' ????0-??1110??0??0?1--111??0??-?01???????????0-?0?????????????????????????1--00?00???-??0000?????000-?0010010???-01-?????011?02??-?1?0?0???0????110?01000011012110000002-?????0??10??1?1?0100?0000-0021100001?1?010000-00?1100001011-1000-002011101000100000100?010---------0?0???????1??0--000??000000000100-0000-0100050-020?11001011?0???010000010000111001000100000000001010100100111110{0,2}000100001{1,2}?2001001100000100111010111011000000-00010100110000-0000110010002112101101112000000?????????????????????0?1100011110100100000100-10?1000000021-??01?200100-010111-101001011010-0?{0,1}1-0--000001100000000000010--?001000111???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Protungulatum' 100000000-0--10101-000001100000101??????????00-?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-???????????????????????0?????????00??010?0011-001000??001000000100-1100001110?02000?000000?20??????????????????1000{0,1}0010101010?000-100100000-0?00010010000110?-00-?0120??100???????????????????????0?0001111100?1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Brachyhyops wyomingensis' ?????????????????????????????????????????????????01-0-???00-0?0??????1120-1--0110010-???1??????110-???00100100-?-?1-1?10?????02????0??????????-?110-01?01?1?????1?0??001-?01000??1?2?1??0??01000???0???????1??00--0000-1010??????11?-???20??20????1-0?????????????0---------???0?0??????????0000-000??0?????0?000?????0?5--020?1????0???????????????0?0?11??200010-0000000001000-0??00??1?100?00????????20?1????0???????11?-?-???-110??????0100-??0100000--000?1?0?0?0?????????0012000100????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Achaenodon uintensis' ??????????????????????????????????????????11??????????????????0???????11??010001001-????1---???1?0????00100100-??-1-1???????????????????????????1-0-0-100?0101??10-0?0011?0?000?0????????0?00?0000-0020???111111100000-10101100021????0100?12011101000?00?00000?010---------0??0?0112010-0--0000?000000000100-0000-0100050-020?110100???0?????00??0000001101201110?000011000100--0001011101000000100000?201100??0????1001???0-0-0--?0?0?-0-000???????0?00-0?001?00???0???????0-???1000000??????????10?????????0?010000101101?1??????????????????????????1???0100?11?01010110??001001101100?????20?100010101111???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Andrewsarchus mongoliensis' ????????????????????????????????????????????????-?????????????????????12??011001-0??????1---1-?1?-????0010-1-0--?-1-1?????????????????????????-?100?01101-0101?-1010?001-?0???-??11201???1100?0000----0???001?1110-001010?01100-3?1?11?-0-?030????10??????????????0---------0????0-1???0-0--0001-0000000001-0-0000-??00050-02??1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1-0000????1?111?0010-0?-?0?0????000????0??0000-0000???????1????????????0000???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Eoconodon heilprinianus' ???????????????????1????1???1?????????????11?0-?0?????????????????????????1??01?00???0??1???0????0????0010010??0??1?0????0?10??0????????????????1?0?00100?0???????????01??0?00???11?0????0100?00???0??0????11?11010000?10?00?0???01????00??030?1??100?0????0?1??000?????????0????04????10???0000-0000000001?0?0000?0100050?02001?0?10?????000?00?00100001101000000?001000000101010000011111000000000002?20?10???00000?0?1110100000??0?0001000011110100000?00001??0???1??10??010???2000??0???????????????????????110001110000?10000???0????????????0???????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Protoceras celer' 100100001110110100100101111010010100--0-001100-?001?0?00000?110??????112111??0110011?11000100??11100??00100100?0?00-1?10?0000020???0???????0????000?0010001?????101??002??01100?010211??0??00000???0???????1?011000{0,1}00?100100?003?0?0??020??30????1000100??0??????1001?????1???0?1?????110??0001-000?00?????0?0000????0150?02?0111110???0????0000?010000111021?000?000000000100--000?11110?100100000000?20?10???00000???111110010010010001?00011100100000?00001010101011111211100?0000000???????????????0?1???1?10000011111?11000010?1?1????????????????10211?10?11?010?011110001111101?001000120110001010111????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Indohyus indirae' ?1-???1?10?????????1???1????????????????????????0?0?0-0???1??1?0?????10?0?1?100??0???0??1---1??11?????01?0?10?????1??????????????????????????????????0??0?0??????????0?111????0??????1??????0000?0???1?????0??1???1??0-?01????0??????0??0????0???????00??0?0?0????0???????????????????????????0??0??????????0-?????????05??02???????0???????????????010?110120101??100001000100--000001110?000000000000?20???????????????1?1000-001000001110{1,0}011110000000-0?001100100001101000?0010000000???????????????0??1?1???????????11???????????????????????????????10????????????????1?1110211??100?????2??10??????1?1????0???????0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Vulpavus profectus' ???????00?0???00?0100011000000??0?0??0?0??10?1110?????????????????????????1??00100???1000000?????0010?00010100?0100-0?0?0010?01201011000??0100??0100?00101?1??2110000002?1000000?0?01110001???0000?00201010?1011000000?00?100000201100000?0010111010010000001001010?????????0?0{0,2}3{0,1}410010?0??0000000000000010000000?0101050?020?11011011001000000000101001101000110?00100000000101100000010100000???????1200100??00?001001110100-0001100010-01110100110000-00000100100011101211000120000001?000????000??????1??0?0100011100000100000210-?00010000000?????10100100-100101?000000100010?1001?11??00000?0100?000110010??-1000??001???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Thinocyon' ???????00-0???00?0000011000000??0????0?0??10?1000?????????????????????????0??00?00???1000000?????010??1????1?10?111-1???0010?0210000??001?0000??0100?0010111??0010000001?1000000?10010?000100?0010?0000101001111010000?10?100000311110010?0110111010010000000101010?????????0?0110413010?0??0000000000000010000000?0101050?120?110110?1011000101000100001101000010?00100001000100100000011100000-------020?10000000001001111100?1000000000?01110010000000-001001001000110?11011001-----00???0???????0?131011?111010001111010?1??0????0???00????????1000010101100?11?101?000011110020?100000?0?01000???0??100110010??-1000??001???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Hyaenodon' ???????00?0???00?0001?11000000??0??1101011100100001???00000?0101?????10?001??0000010110000001?111000??{1,0}000010110111-1?100011?0010000??0010000?010-???0010011??00100000001111?000?0?000?000100000?0?1000101001111110000?100000000311110010?0110111010010000001101010?????????0?0111413010?0??00000000000000100-0000?0101050?120?11011011011000100000101001101100010?0111001?1011001000000100??01000111-0120010000000001001111100?1000000000?01110010100000?00101010100-01100?00?111-????001000000000001131011?0110100011110010100000210?0000100100001??0010101100?110101?000???111020?0000?0???00000??100?100110010???1010??001???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Patriofelis' ???????00?0???00-0000001000100??0??????0??1101000????????????????????0????01000?00???110001011???0?00?011001?1001??-1010?011-??200?0-??01011000001???0010101011110000011-1000000???210-1?0100?0010-2000101001110110000-00?000000310100000-0110111010001000001102000?????????0?0201013010-0--00000000000000100-0?00-0100050-12021101000001101011---010000110?200000-011001---000---100---10002011-------0200100100000010010--10101000000000-0010-0-0110000-001-101200---00-0-00-010-----000?00010000?0112101100001100011110?00100000110-10001000000?1??001?101100-?00?0??00?011000000-10000111-01000-?100-0001?0010---1000??011???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 'Proviverra' ???????00-0--?10-0000011000000??0??????0??1001000????????????????????1????1--00?00???0000000?????0000-00000101001?0-0????011-0210?00-0?0??0000?11100?001011101?010000001-110000000-000-000100?0010-0000101001011111-00-100000000311110000-0010111010000000001102000?????????0?0110413010-0--00000000000000100-0?00-0101050-120211?110??011000100000100001101201010-001000000001001001000111000000000012120010000000001001111001-1001010000-0110-010110000-00000100100011101111100120000001000000000001??????????0100011100?00100000210-10001000000?1??0011101100-010101-000011110010-100000---01000-?000-100110010---1000??001???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ; ENDBLOCK; BEGIN NOTES; [Taxon comments] TEXT TAXON=2 TEXT='SBU Mar 15, Bos MAR 14 (cells labelled Bos Stony Brook are MAR 14) petrosal and bulla free. AMNH 204098 Bos taurus subadult, Wilkie (1936) has a very good description of the middle ear and ossicles, along with bulla and petrosal.'; TEXT TAXON=3 TEXT='Bovidae - Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen. STOMACH = OVIS AMMON. AMNH 21528 Ovis ares; AMNH 17980 Ovis ares; AMNH 10268 Ovis ares; AMNH 17429 Ovis ares. AMNH 22829 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=4 TEXT='Cervidae SBUSB Mar -10, MAR 20 (petrosal). AMNH specimens of Odocoileus virginianus: 217692 (Subadult), 19816, NO NUMBER (MAMMALOGY cabinet 36 top shelf).'; TEXT TAXON=5 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas - AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu; ALSO 182721; AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=6 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 (male) Giraffe skull in AMNH VP teaching collection. Stomach data are for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=7 TEXT='Antilocapra Antilocapra americana AMNH 15824 juvenile, Wyoming Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198, adult Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019, adult, Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, AMNH A. americana specimens from VP - AMNH 139766; AMNH 5036; AMNH 130196; AMNH 11094; AMNH 130201; AMNH 11094. Dental formula for lowers seems to be all teeth present except p1. Upper teeth P2-M3 - no teeth anterior to this. MAMMALOGY AMNH - AMNH 130197 A. americana; AMNH 130200 (subadult, part erupted M3)'; TEXT TAXON=8 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 (male, this number may be incorrectly recorded in certain cells - 46405 is correct), skull, skin skeleton, Mongolia. Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 (female) skull (loose right petrosal and bulla) and skin, M3 is not erupted. Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605. Skull:Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 (this is actually labelled as M. berezovskii). AMNH 17951 Moschus moschiferus - no bulla. Used also 110500 AMNH M. moschiferous. No stomach data.'; TEXT TAXON=9 TEXT='T. javanicus + T. napu --- Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult skull with bulla removed, M3 is just erupting; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult skull with bulla attached, juvenile, M3 not erupted and dP4 still in place. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872. No sperm data. No stomach data. For foot Tragulus memina AMNH 200098 (on box) 98 C.A. (on specimen) - has a complete foot and hand for those characters. See also AMNH 14130 Tragulus javanicus.'; TEXT TAXON=10 TEXT='Delphinidae - AMNH Tursiops truncatus (AMNH 74485), AMNH 212554, AMNH 35421 and AMNH 35428.'; TEXT TAXON=11 TEXT='Monodontidae Van Beneden and Gervais - plate XLIV AND PLATE XLV, Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315, AMNH 19316, USNM 267958. AMNH 73315. No stomach data.'; TEXT TAXON=12 TEXT='Iniidae Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104, sex indet, subadult, AMNH 209103; AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, male, AMNH 93414, AMNH 93412 has jugal remnants. No stomach data.'; TEXT TAXON=13 TEXT='Pontoporiidae - one species AMNH great skulls, AMNH is weak on postcrania only one individual, Pontoporia AMNH 205922 is the only specimen in the AMNH with postcrania. It is a subadult and there is no scapula and there are no hands (associated and articulated) with this specimen. Groove on lateral mandible seems to be unique to this species.'; TEXT TAXON=14 TEXT='Kogia breviceps (AMNH 35912) AMNH specimens used: AMNH 35912, AMNH 143516, AMNH 36595, AMNH 35680, AMNH 139684, AMNH35680. No stomach data.'; TEXT TAXON=15 TEXT='ZIPHIIDAE Van Beneden and Gervais Plate XXI, XXII, AMNH 70378, AMNH 24410; AMNH 70378, AMNH 40015. The mandible is fused in 40015 but not in 70378 (subadult). No stomach data.'; TEXT TAXON=16 TEXT='BALAENOPTERIDAE = RORQUALS USNM 571487. No stomach data, no placenta data. Soft tissues may be scored for other mysticetes.'; TEXT TAXON=17 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, 1899, AMNH 81857, AMNH 99637 Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 (has hand and feet in bags); AMNH 90302.'; TEXT TAXON=18 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899; Choeropsis liberiensis, USNM 46498221. Hexaprotodon sp. USNM 464982, AMNH 89626; AMNH CA2423 (*note, drawer says AMNH 202423, and specimen says CA 2423); AMNH 148452 and AMNH 2423 (subadult). Uppers = 89626 AMNH. Stuenes (JVP, 1989) refers to I1 and I2 in Hippopotamus so I3 is lost. 3116 Gatesy specimen.'; TEXT TAXON=19 TEXT='Suoidea - Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325 (skull and teeth, cabinet 32); Sus scrofa AMNH 100260. The M1/m1 is hard to see in general - almost always worn. '; TEXT TAXON=20 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrussa celebensis AMNH 152858 (male) and AMNH 152861 (female, younger but fully erupted teeth) - AMNH153410 AMNH 2238. No sperm data.'; TEXT TAXON=21 TEXT='Potamochoeridae "African Bush Pig" (red river hog) AMNH 135520. Potamochoerus AMNH 90006, 135520 AT AMNH. Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 (skull); AMNH 100670 (juvenile with clear sutures);Potamochoerus AMNH 34743. No sperm data. A lot of fusion in the adult skull. Potamochoerus AMNH VP specimen 1007CA.'; TEXT TAXON=22 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432, 81804 (juvenile), 53672 (dissected for petrosal), 53661, AMNH mamm "no data no number" cabinet 31 (dental characters), 31285, 53673. Luci drew AMNH 81802 - will need to check against AMNH drawing (see backup photo of this. Walker''s description is good and contains soft tissue characters. AMNH 53661, AMNH 53672 - has bulla and petrosal. Like Babyrousa, Hylochoerus has a hole in the mastoid. No stomach data. Hylochoerus AMNH 36438'; TEXT TAXON=23 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, Tayassu SBU MAR 8., Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 cabinet 17. Cabinet 17 also AMNH 22674 (skull and jaw and teeth).Tayassu tajacu AMNH 215154. '; TEXT TAXON=24 TEXT='Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198; Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult); Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157; Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107; Camelus dromedaries AMNH 201157; Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14108 subadult (used for skull because sutures visible); Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14112. In some adults like 80198 the antorbital foramen disappears. For sperm there is information for Lama but not Camel.'; TEXT TAXON=25 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235; AMNH 80218; I am considering the dental formula to be I1-I3, C, P4-M3. Lama glama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=26 TEXT='Sumatran rhino - Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892; Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763; Dental formula is 1/0, 0/1, 3/3, 3/3'; TEXT TAXON=27 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519; AMNH 95133, AMNH 71729, AMNH 70322. Tapirs sometimes have all 44 teeth, sometimes lack the P1 only on lowers, sometimes both lowers and uppers. No sperm data. Bulla - AMNH 1587 Vp collection (juvenile). No stomach data.'; TEXT TAXON=28 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook; also Equus cab AMNH 204174. SPERM is E. asinus; E. burchelli.'; TEXT TAXON=29 TEXT='Coded from AMNH mam: 164121 and VP:CA 2315 and 80164'; TEXT TAXON=31 TEXT='coded from mam: 134969, 236490 and paleo CA 2409'; TEXT TAXON=34 TEXT='Hyopsodontidae. Gazin 1968 -Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980; Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084. Hyopsodus miticulus USNM 23745; plate 8-3, Hyopsodus walcottianus USNM 14654, Gazin plate 7 Hyosodus paulus USNM 1176. USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp. Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6; H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2; H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum drawer 6.350 on Floor 2 in VP. Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109, Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96278 dentaries; Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96283; Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284 (upper teeth) and Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96374 (upper teeth)^nHyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848 tarsal and metatarsals; Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus. Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4831 is a crushed skull with an exposed petrosal, however, the quality is very poor (hard to get anything out of this).^n^nSKULL scored on cabinet 6.348 (no label on outside) Top drawer (all have notes from Holbrook as ''Hyracotherium'' Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 96274; Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 (Skull and jaws); Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209 (only cast at Amnh, has incisors).^n^nKitts, 1956 - BAMNH - describes postcrania of Hyracotherium vasacciense AMNH 4832 (apparently described by Cope), Hyracotherium angustidens AMNH 15428, and AMNH 15820; Froehlich, 1999 - JVP - no longer uses ''Hyracotherium'''; TEXT TAXON=36 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 (watch similarity in number to Rodhocetus specimen) - Has full dental formula. The skull does fit together completely both dorsally and ventrally (see PDG''s reconstruction). May have a really tiny clavicle. SKULL, DENTITION, ASTRAGALUS, PART CALCANEUM, CUBOID, PELVIS, LUMBARS, THORAX, CERVICALS'; TEXT TAXON=37 TEXT='GSP-UM 3485 - Watch similarity of SPECIMEN NUMBER to Artiocetus. Protocetidae - Frag SKULL, FEMUR, ASTRAGALUS, CALCANEUS, FOOT, CARPUS AND DIGITS. ***NOTE - Gingerich et al say that the hand is mesaxonic and the foot is paraxonic. '; TEXT TAXON=39 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM 97507. Also used B. cetoides. Ossicle of Basilosaurus cetoides described in Lancaster. Kellogg 1936 describes Prozeuglodon isis [now B. isis] and B. cetoides - used to score most of these characters. UMZV 24 Basilosaurus isis hand. Even though there is an astragalus and cuboid, most characters cannot be scored.'; TEXT TAXON=41 TEXT='IVPP 10760 - no lingual cingulum on upper molars - the molars do have a buccal cinglum and no conules - no clavicle on U of M mount. Bulla not as fully preserved as indicated in Luo and Gingerich (1999). '; TEXT TAXON=42 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens to view inside and bulla also isolated petrosal. YPM-13141 (at U Mich) much of it is real - some of it - like parts of the snout are not (insidiously) - basicranium needs prep. Definitely has two small bumps over the foramen magnum - small than but similar to Pakicetus. No supraorbital foramina visible on this. Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition specimen. AMNH 5021 is type - fragmentary teeth and postcrania. Teeth in AMNH are not that great, esp. lowers. NEED TO CHECK MICHIGAN SPEcIMEN'; TEXT TAXON=43 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) right petrosal. (according to Luo and Gingerich). Teeth PU 16159; PU 13295. No postcrania or skulls in AMNH. '; TEXT TAXON=44 TEXT='(Mongolia)'; TEXT TAXON=46 TEXT='Harpagolestes (AMNH correct number 1892) - AMNH 1945 (some postcrania), 1892, 1878. Szalay and Gould discuss the complicated holotype issue for this specimen from Scott 1888. '; TEXT TAXON=47 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Described by Ting and Li (1987) they also describe a second specimen IVPP 5254 which has teeth. This is a subadult with unerupted p/4 and m/3.'; TEXT TAXON=48 TEXT=' AMNH 13128; AMNH 12149; AMNH 12147; AMNH 13128. The p4 morphology of this taxon is pretty different than that of Gobiohyus. Astragali AMNH 92844. proximal femur AMNH 5179 ALL EXCEPT SKULL ARE H. PLICODON including astragali.'; TEXT TAXON=49 TEXT='Scored from literature and Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - this specimen is extremely fragmentary. Thewissen et al 1996:16 state that "No clear joints between the ectotympanic and other cranial bones are present". There is really almost no information on the upper dentition. '; TEXT TAXON=50 TEXT='Helohyidae Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277, AMNH 20249 P2-M3 from upper Eocene Irdin Manha. There are two paratypes: AMNH 20248 and AMNH 20250 - both lower dentitions. AMNH 26281 - lower dentition; AMNH 26279 upper dentition; AMNH 26278 is a bizarrely reconstructed upper dentition. AMNH 26280 lower dentition ALL are GOBIOHYUS ORIENTALIS.AMNH 19177 - astragali - attributed to Gobiohyus sp. - from Irdin Manha.^n^n'; TEXT TAXON=51 TEXT='Leptomerycidae. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786; AMNH 39123; see Janis 1987 JVP, AMNH 53710, AMNH 53721 both Brulle Formation, Dickinson Member, North Dakota. Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629 (although the box it is in says L.evansi AMNH 6624). In drawer 5.293 at AMNH basement - L. evansi, AMNH 27762 - has a good, unworn upper premolar dentition that shows very different P4 morphology to AMNH 6629 (not sure what is going on with this). AMNH 53731 (also in cabinet 5.293) has relatively unworn upper premolars. Leptomeryx AMNH 38910 has a lot of material only it is a clear hodge-podge of multiple specimens (but they appear to be the same taxon), this is used to illustrate the hand in Webb and Taylor, 1980. FAM 53711 (uncatalogued) is a great forearm and hand - completely intact. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other] and calcaneus, AMNH 1254C (broken) - Dentary cabinet 5.293 (second drawer from top) Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123 (well-preserved dentary) and AMNH 1332 in same case. Distal skull cabinet 5.295 drawer 2 from top, distal skull Leptomeryx AMNH uncat. S-611-26621. Cabinet 5.294 (lower drawers) two skulls (in different lower drawers) Leptomeryx AMNH 53717 and AMNH uncatalogued Leptomeryx DICK 33-1417, Cabinet 5.295 second drawer from top Leptomeryx AMNH uncatalogued 611-26621 skull. AMNH Leptomeryx 38910 (specimen is in AMNH as well as was described by Scott). '; TEXT TAXON=52 TEXT='NOTE SPECIMEN NUMBER ON ALL OBSERVATIONS - Camelidae fossil; Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467 (ON DISPLAY); AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.; AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni (this specimen has about 4 astragali in the box all numbered and other duplicate elements); AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. (this specimen could use prep in the region of the mastoid, the orbit and the pterygoids; AMNH 42257 Poebrotherium sp (either labratum or wilsoni) good skull sutures; AMNH 638 no species; Poebrotherium AMNH 636; Poebrotherium AMNH Lusk-0-151-4110; AMNH 42277; SOME ISSUES WITH MASTOID SUTURES IF GOOD JUVENILE APPEARS; petrosal AMNH 140343 check species (has OSSICLES); Scott, 1891 Journal of Morphology = a long monograph on Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 TEXT='Oreodont - Lander (Janis et al. book, calls these ''tylopod'' artiodactyls [yes camels!] with a pig skeleton and ''advanced'' dentition, he says they have "enlared C1 and p1 and incisiform c1). They are exclusively North American and appear in the early-middle Eocene. Apparently some derived forms have clawed phalanges. Apparently considered ancestral to the Merycoidontidae. AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus Cabinet 5.64 drawer second from bottom; AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi. Agriochoerus FAM 95324^n^nAgriochoeridae Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM-95326; Agriochoerus sp. (looks like A. gaudryi in terms of size) AMNH 99273; Have one in situ (hard to see around bulla) - possibly needs more prep to get the bulla out of the way. Have an isolated - damaged but decent petrosal - could get another. No full skeletons in AMNH. Used: Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 685 (listed as a type, seems to be only a foot - or something is on loan); teeth uncatalogued Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076; Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 - no species tag Agriochoerus - seems to have been published - skull and postcrania - larger upper teeth than Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076. Note in specimen says this was mixed with 9810, and 9811 (these have no listed species attribution, just Agriochoerus); AMNH 7420 is Agriochoerus guyotianus skull and skeletal elements, very similar in tooth size to Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076. Agiochoerus latifrons AMNH 1351, Cabinet 5.68 drawer second from bottom. Agiochoerus sp. AMNH FAM 99274, Cabinet 5.68 drawer, bottom. Agiochoerus wellsi AMNH 1490. Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus) postcrania (note says described by Wortman).^n^nWortman, 1895 (A. latifrons) Scott 1894 and Wilson 1971; Lander in Janis et al. book (lists valid species)'; TEXT TAXON=54 TEXT='Oreodontidae. [CURRENT NAME Prodesmatochoerus periculorum see Lander page 411 (in Janis et al.) and page 423] AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni and is very complete - I did not score from this but could be revised to retain species attribution. Exclusively North American (considered more derived than the Agriochoeridae, see Lander in Janis et al.) All cranial views available on borrowed specimens. Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal); Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191. Several other genera are very common in AMNH vp: Merychus, Hypsiops, and Desmatochoerus for example - consider checking which is most different from Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572. AMNH has many specimens of Merycoidodon that are uncatalogued and unprepped - mostly skulls. Used Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321 for postcrania Cabinet 5.138 (5.123). Some of the specimens used are not labelled but look to be M. culbertsoni too. Astragalus uncat Lusk-0-29-734; femur uncat Lusk 0-35-813 (last twoin drawer 5.119); dental uncatlogued specimens: AMNH 292-178 (has full dental formula but multiple specimens are necessary to score); Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 (top of cab 5.121/5.320 -there are two numbers on the cabinet); Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009. Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319 - gorgeous skull (different genera are written on the tag (Oreodon and Agriochoerus), has a decent orbit but it is still hard to see sutures. Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 45147. Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 9763. AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH FAM 49781 Merycoidodon culbertsoni. AMNH FAM 49782 Merycoidodon culbertsoni; also AMNH 72189 and AMNH 72186a and AMNH 72208^n^nLeidy, 1869 mentions this but under the genus Oreodon culbertsoni - Lander (423) says all the same.'; TEXT TAXON=55 TEXT='Referred to new genus Gujaratia pakistanensis by Bajpai et al. 2005. ^n^nGingerich in JVP (check)^n^nCarroll says clavicle is preserved, also has third trochanter (apparently lost in later artiodacytls and I think mesonychids?? check). ^nScored from three publications Russell et al., 1983 (skull); Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth); Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=56 TEXT='North American Dichobunid specimens. Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 (Ken has probably specified the taxon name here). Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs and again by me. Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, very crushed skull and some postcrania; Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352 (see as a cast at AMNH). Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899 (type) lower teeth only. Diacodexis chacensis AMNH 15672 (lower teeth only); Univ. New Mex. Mus of Paleont. J68 Diacodexis chacensis (cast at AMNH); Postcrania described in Rose, 1985 and Rose 1990. Rose says see Shaeffer 1947 and Guthrie 1968 for more on tarsus. AMNH 15672 D. chacensis,'; TEXT TAXON=57 TEXT='( = Thinohyus, see Pearson 1927) Tayassuidae - fossil 26. Perchoerus AMNH 73744 - isolated petrosal, need bulla, in situ petrosal and untouched skull. Pearson, 1927 all about this taxon. AMNH specimens in cabinet 5.31 (basement level). No skeleton on display. See Scott, 1941.^nDental specimens - lower jaw Thinohyus AMNH 73745; Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392; Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794 AMNH 7391 (no label, in Perchoerus drawer and looks like other teeth).^n^nSkull - excellent for in situ petrosal - Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794; Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394; Perchoerus AMNH 585^nPostcrania - almost nothing at AMNH - only an astragalus with AMNH 73745; and partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5 has isolated postcrania and is associated with a partially prepped skull; Thinohyus, AMNH 73709 also with a partially prepped skull^nPerchoerus AMNH FAM 73729; Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 TEXT='Entelodontidae (genera Archaeotherium and Entelodon are used pretty interchangeably on AMNH specimen tags, Elotherium appears occasionally too) -^nAMNH 105045 (cast of USNM A. mortoni) - good pterygoid region^nAMNH 6383;^nArchaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.^nArchaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed^nArchaeotheirum AMNH 6385 (skull with bulla prepped away)^nisolated, uncatalogued calcanii and astragali - cabinet 5.210 - SD 108-2105 ^nArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, AMNH 12461^nArchaeotherium platyops AMNH 6389 - holotype AND a subadult with erupting M1 (cabinet 5.9/5.26)^nArchaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)^nArchaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)^nEntelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) - has decent sutures^nAMNH 6385 prepped in situ petrosal have an isolated petrosal also. ^nSee also Whitmore (1953) for more discussion of skull.^nArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454 (postcrania) ^nSpecimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary^n"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52), M/3 not fully erupted, P/4 not erupted^n"Entelodont" AMNH BH 0-1-26 (Cabinet 52)^nEddinger in Janis book says there is a possibility of sexual dimorphism in flanges, canines and mandible tubercles - page 380'; TEXT TAXON=59 TEXT='Some possibility that the sample of this OTU is a composite taxon.^n^nAnthracotheriidae (subfamily = ?), see MacDonalod, Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579 - petrosal and bulla good -- there is little postcranial material at AMNH^nElomeryx armatus AMNH 1256; No specimen on display at AMNH; AMNH 693; FAM 132055; FAM 100041.^nScott, 1941 (p. 466 - he differentiates from Bothriodon) uses E. brachyrhynchus priimarily^nSkulls from AMNH cabinet 5.49. Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; isolated axis Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1252; postcrania Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1245; Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734; AMNH 583^nElomeryx AMNH SD 229-4065 ^nElomeryx AMNH FAM 10041^nsubadult lower dentition Elomeryx AMNH 1263^nSee Kronn and Manning in Janis volume^nThis taxon consistently has an M1 that is much more worn than anything else.^nDrawer 5.48 - Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD1072067; Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524; Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 TEXT='Anthracotheriidae (subfamily: Anthracotheriinae). Brunet 1968 described a complete cranium of Microbunodon minimum and said there is only one species in this genus (with sexual dimorphism). Lihoreau et al., 2003 say that the genus is monospecific since Brunet (1968) but they change that (name two species based only on dental and gnathic remains). I do not seee any specimens of this on labels of cabinets at AMNH. There are 4 specimens in the AMNH all on loan to USNM - Ivy is looking into this. Paris museum? Hunerman (1968) describes M. minus in a lot of detail (but this is I guess a synonym aka Brunet, 1968).^n'; TEXT TAXON=61 TEXT='Anthracothere with African and Asian specimens. VERY HARD TO GET INFO ON. In another species M. anisae - there are upper and lower denticles on premolars - no good info on this species. The best seem to be in the British Museum (Black 1978 illustrates, BM M-18442, a mandible). Colbert, 1935 illustrates line drawings of cranium and mandible. Boisserie has this scored for cranial, postcranial and dental - this info must come from Falconer and Cautley, 1847 (THESE ARE EXTREMELY POOR QUALITY DRAWINGS). There are only isolated teeth in the AMNH. Within the specimens at the AMNH clearly there two species named as Merycopotamus dissimilis becuase some of the specimens have teeth about four times the size of other specimens.^nAMNH has about 10 dental specimens -- AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis -- AMNH 9917 has two teeth - probably M2 and M3 but not clear on the loci. Same with the premolar specimens -- pretty difficult to discern loci on their own. AMNH 19726 has a dp3 and dp4. I generally scored the smaller (more common) specimens labeled M. dissimilis but the morphology looks pretty similar to the one really large individual. AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis; Steensma and Hussain, only M2-M3. Colbert talks about the "elevated orbit" in this taxon and that it has coalesced foramina around the bulla which he considers "an advanced artiodactyl character". '; TEXT TAXON=62 TEXT='non grouped Suoidea. Scored in Boisserie et al. and described by Ginsberg, 1980 among others. Bouvrain and Bonis So far essentially only lower and upper teeth and jaws from literature. AMNH has 10 specimens - all teeth. Ginsburg et al., 1988 some dental specimens'; TEXT TAXON=63 TEXT='Anthracotheriidae - Boisserie et al. score this at the species level too. There is an associated skull and jaw Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 (has had some bad, early 20th century prep work) - there are also dental specimens from a larger species A. moritas and also a bunch of questionably affiliated teeth. There is a foot and some hind limb matrerial (AMNH 20031, no teeth, listed as Anthracokeryx or Anthracothema) but this is 1) not associated with any teeth and 2) highly tampered with. There does seem to be an astragalus and calcaneus but I think it is unclear what genus this goes with. Boisserie et al. score cranial, dental and postcranial data for this taxon -- I think they must have used this foot (which I am excluding). This species has a strange glenoid fossa. AMNH 133569 (NMMP-KU 0267) A. tenuis? (I am synonimizing here) (hard to read writing) and it really looks a lot like A. ulnifer, just has a slightly narrower m1. The specimen of A. ulnifer does not have a well-preserved m1 or m2. Pilgrim''s paper also describes a different species of Anthracokeryx (A. birmanicus) - does Boisserie synonymize these? AMNH 93304 is intriguing because the astragalus looks a bit whale like - although broken - this is ? Anthracokeryx, also has a preserved and unfused cuboid and navicular and pices of the calcaneus. The isolated teeth of the other Anthracokeryx specimens in the AMNH don''t add much that is not visible in skull/mandible specimen.'; TEXT TAXON=64 TEXT='Anthracothere - Boisserie et al., 2005 include scored for all systems. McKenna and Bell uphold a synonomy of this taxon with Merycopotamus, so does Gaziry, see Pickford (1991) for use of Libycosaurus.^nBonarelli - bad photo of skull; Gaziry - photos (bad) of dentition and skull fragments; Pickford (1991) fragmentary teeth and maxilla^n^nIn the Bonarelli photo it looks like this taxon has the twisted position of the premolars - same as Archaeotherium 9?)^nNOT CLEAR WHERE BOISSERIE GOT THE REST OF HIS DATA'; TEXT TAXON=65 TEXT='Has full dental formula. Hard to get imags of upper dentition - had to use Schmidt 1913 monograph. Ducrocq 1997 puts B. parvus in a new genus Qatraniodon, but I have kept as B. parvus here (or in other words assumed monophly of Qatraniodon and Bothriogenys).'; TEXT TAXON=66 TEXT='Anthracothere - species named in Suteethorn et al., 1988. specimen in Bangkok. names a "type series" which is a juvenile skull and lower jaw - even though in the same paper they describe an adult skull?? Ducroq 1994 argues this is the most primitive anthracothere and refers to a description of postcrania but this must be in his 1992 thesis'; TEXT TAXON=67 TEXT='Cainotheriidae. Lots of skulls in BMNH (including the genus Paroxacron) Good Hurzeler, 1936 publication (he uses a different spelling Caenotheirum) on this clade (although not clear in the case of each bone what species he describes), Cainotherium elongatum and Cainotherium commune at AMNH. No good skull material at AMNH See Viret 1929 for publication on Cainotherium commune. Monograph is good for endo petrosal but will still need 1) an in situ and 2) an isolated one for the ventral view. Specimens used for dental and gnathic characters: AMNH55330, 55333 (this has deciduous premolars), 10281a, 10277, 10281, 10273, 10274, 55334. Postcrania Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084, 10282, all these and others are wastebasket numbers. MANY PHOTOS ARE BLURRY - VERY SMALL ANIMAL. This taxon has a sustentaculum with two clear facets. Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061 skull. AMNH 55338, AMNH 55337, AMNH no number - upper molars'; TEXT TAXON=68 TEXT='Phenacodontidae - ALMOST ALL P. intermedius. What species is this??? AMNH #15268 - could be prepped, great sutures - Michigan UM 73017 probably need to see skull at Michigan. Get WEST 1971 for deciduous dentition. Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius. Radinsky, 1966 on Phenacodus. No information on bulla. Some P. vortamani but very little. Kitts, 1956, describe P. copei AMNH 4378 (note no list of this as a species in Thewissen 1990, but not sure if it has been synonymized). Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given) - possibly one of the same ones Thewissen showed - ventral surface only. O''Leary and Rose 1995 - specimens of both P. vortmani and P. trilobatus. Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293 astragalus and calcaneus. Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 15262; Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 4370; Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 15279'; TEXT TAXON=69 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH; teeth Sloan and Van Valen. Also Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836, AMNH 118359 "eutherian petrosal"'; TEXT TAXON=70 TEXT='Entelodontidae - basal - Skull in Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) and described by Colbert, 1938. Not in amazing condition. AMNH has cast of skull and AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079) and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150 (reference Wilson, JA, 1971. No. 17 Tex. Mem. Mus.)'; TEXT TAXON=71 TEXT='Helohyidae - Achaenodon uintensis, AMNH has fragmentary skulls, teeth, jaws and postcrania. Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822 (a lot of reconstruction) and Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 (more complete), basicranial area could use more prep, especially around the promontorium and foramen ovale. Both of these specimens have an odd, large pit in the center of the frontals. Jaw AMNH 5145 (type), Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051; dp4 AMNH 1819. Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820, postcrania; Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus,^n^n^n^nUpdated from: The Paleobiology Database (http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=43715&is_real_user=0)'; TEXT TAXON=72 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - neither canine is real, for each incisor there is at least one example that is real but very worn (should be ok on loci because there is no known lower dentition to have gotten mixed in), right P1 seems to have a real root but other than that the P1 information is bogus, for the rest of the teeth there is at least one example on either side, M1 is particularly worn. The P4 looks like it had denticles but these are very worn - both sides indicate this. No sutures are visible at all. Did not include the data on Paratriisodon, decided instead to score this at the species level.'; TEXT TAXON=75 TEXT='AMNH specimens in Cabinet 5.6 drawers 4 and 5 (Khirtharia in these drawers too). NPA in some cases means the character could be scored but was forbidden to be scored by Thewissen April 2008 - we were only allowed to score characters scored by Thewissen or make observations from the published paper.'; TEXT TAXON=76 TEXT='Composite Vulpavus taxon. coded from ovatus: 11498 and profectus 12626 both holotypes. some ovatus coding is from matthew 1909 as the original skeleton is on display with no casts. Gee that was smart. skeleton is coed from 19198 as well, Vulp. palustris '; TEXT TAXON=80 TEXT='also known as Sinopa... it is confusing. '; [Character comments] TEXT CHARACTER=1 TEXT='test'; TEXT CHARACTER=2 TEXT='subfloccular fossa. ^n '; TEXT CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Note that depth of this fossa has been used by Webb and Taylor (1980) as a derived pecoran character. '; TEXT CHARACTER=5 TEXT='The hiatus Fallopii allows the greater petrosal nerve to leave the petrosal. Although in cetaceans the exit is not well-understood and may be in the tympanic cavity or variable (see Mead and Fordyce, in press). Nontheless it can be observed in cetaceans that the exit is not like that of terrestrial cetartiodactylans and other taxa - that is what this character is about.'; TEXT CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Inapplicable if foramen is not anterior. '; TEXT CHARACTER=7 TEXT='originally "suprameatal fossa" in O''Leary and Gatesy (2007) but it was determined that this term is separately in use for another structure in carnivorans. The new term emerged from review by the ATOL team.'; TEXT CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Cifelli (Hyopsodus paper) says that all ungulates have an inflated, pneumatized tegmen tympani.'; TEXT CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Illustrate in ventral view due to explicit comparison with promontorium (even though tegmen tympani can be seen in dorsal view).^n^nUninflated state is what is seen in taxa like Prokennalestes. '; TEXT CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:48 says reduced in extant odontocetes'; TEXT CHARACTER=14 TEXT='a groove positioned anterior to the ventrolateral tuberosity (if present), and likely made by the superior ramus of the stapedial artery or the petrosquamous vein, aka Luo and Gingerich (1999:13). These authors also call this the ''sulcus peripetrous anterior''.'; TEXT CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Character distinguishes the large, round fossa for the head of the malleus (cetaceans) from the more nondescript epitympanic recess morphology typical of terrestrial cetartiodacylans.'; TEXT CHARACTER=16 TEXT='protuberance anterior to EAM'; TEXT CHARACTER=22 TEXT='(pars cochlearis), branches from the transpromontorial sulcus'; TEXT CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Should score on isolated petrosals'; TEXT CHARACTER=26 TEXT=' = Anteromedial flange (Wible), pole of promontorium of Luo and Gingerich (1999), terminology modified by ATOL'; TEXT CHARACTER=27 TEXT='a flat projection of bone off the pars cochlearis directed medially and posteriorly^n^nNOTE - After ATOL this may just end up being called the RTPP'; TEXT CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Reflects whether the promontorium is shaped more like a teardrop or a circle. The ''hemi'' indicates that the promontorium is not a full ball but bulges on the ventral side only. Ellipsoid condition has a clear apex anteriorly.'; TEXT CHARACTER=29 TEXT='On pars canalicularis, posterior to the fenestra cochleae, medial to the stapedial muscle fossa.'; TEXT CHARACTER=30 TEXT='This is a plate of bone on the endocranial surface of the petrosal that extends posterior to the rest of the mastoid region.'; TEXT CHARACTER=31 TEXT='"Medial promontory groove" of Luo and Gingerich (1999)'; TEXT CHARACTER=33 TEXT='the anterior position is approximately directly lateral or sometimes slightly lateral and posterior to the fenestra vestibuli'; TEXT CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Cochlear aqueduct (perilymphatic foramen of Luo and Gingerich, 1999)'; TEXT CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Score present regardless of how expand the crus is as a meatal tube (tympanic neck of Pearson (1927))^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Ectotympanic may be expanded into an elongate external acoustic meatus'; TEXT CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Ectotympanic may be expanded into an elongate external acoustic meatus, petrosal articulation is usually near the mastoid region.'; TEXT CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Ectotympanic may be expanded into an elongate, bony external acoustic meatus; contact is usually with the mastoid region.'; TEXT CHARACTER=43 TEXT='Alternatively, if the mastoid is exposed EVEN when the bulla is there, that is ''present''. In "amastoid" taxa, the mastoid region is often covered by squamosal in ventral view.'; TEXT CHARACTER=45 TEXT='this may be an ossified tentorium cerebelli. Nickel et al. p. 111-112 discuss the presence of this in "carnivores and in horses" - although I have not seen this in horses, that the upper border of the medial surface of the petrosal has an "oblique, caudally directed crest" that they call the "crista partis petrosae" -- they say that this joins with an osseus tentorium cerebelli to form a partition between the cerebral and the cerebellar cavities.'; TEXT CHARACTER=46 TEXT='post-ATOL definition of ths structure as a ventrally projecting structure from the mastoid region, generally in carnivorans only'; TEXT CHARACTER=47 TEXT='Inapplicable in taxa with no mastoid process (restricted definition of that term).'; TEXT CHARACTER=48 TEXT='Score as present if roughened surface, traditionally associated for attachment of rostral entotympanic.'; TEXT CHARACTER=50 TEXT='large, ventrally projecting muscular process'; TEXT CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Orientation of tympanohyal pit emargination of bulla ^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Sigmoid process = an expansion of the anterior crus of tympanic ring into and S shaped or enlarged structure.'; TEXT CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Does not necessarily have to be part of an involucrum'; TEXT CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Involucrum is a pachyostotic portion of bone on the medial bullar wall. ^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=65 TEXT='terminology, Rose and Emry (1993)'; TEXT CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Crus breve does not articulate with anything. Crus longum ends in a lenticular process that articulates with the head of the stapes. Articular facet articulates with the head of the malleus. Thewissen and Hussain, 1993 say same condition in both artiodactyls and cetaceans. '; TEXT CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Thewissen and Hissein 1993 - some mallear joint rotation in Pakicetus - more pronounced mallear rotation in other cetaceans'; TEXT CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Kinkel et al. state that cetaceans have a "reduced manubrium"'; TEXT CHARACTER=71 TEXT='scored as differentiating whales and nonwhales'; TEXT CHARACTER=72 TEXT='(bulla measured medio-laterally)'; TEXT CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Inapplicable if tympanohyal not visible clearly in ventral view.'; TEXT CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Nickel''s tuberculum articulare - see Fig. 240. '; TEXT CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Middle also includes entire'; TEXT CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Processus retroarticularis of Nickel'; TEXT CHARACTER=80 TEXT='In taxa such as ruminants there is a space ventrally between the meatal tube and the postglenoid process - that is what this character describes.^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 26;^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=96 TEXT='regardless of composition'; TEXT CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Score with bulla off (important in carnivorans)'; TEXT CHARACTER=109 TEXT='85. (1, 2) LG#56: It appears that Luo is scoring this character by estimating the contact between the bulla and the basioccipital - this seems redundant.'; TEXT CHARACTER=110 TEXT='on squamosal'; TEXT CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Even if sutures are not visible, if the vomer ends far anterior to falcate processes which are on the basisphenoid just distal to the suture, this should act as a decent landmark.'; TEXT CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Geisler has this absent in extant whales and present in Hapalodectes and mesonychids. Geisler also states that this is absent in Canis - but according to MIller''s anatomy of the dog it is present. ^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Only score if pterygoids resemble the cetacean condition.'; TEXT CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Inapplicable in taxa that have an anterior convergence of the pterygoids.'; TEXT CHARACTER=118 TEXT='In carnivorans these plates may be fused and this is coded as inapplicable. ^n^nNickels calls this the proc. pterygoideus of the basisphenoid. = ectoptyerygoid process of the alisphenoid = lateral pterygoid process - Fraser and Purves have an interesting discussion of this and its development in whales versus normal mammals^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=120 TEXT='For whales this seems to be considered differently - because the two sides are made of the pterygoids'; TEXT CHARACTER=121 TEXT='(IN WHALES ONLY) Medial lamina = entopterygoid crest of the pterygoid and lateral = ectopterygoid process of alisphenoid)'; TEXT CHARACTER=123 TEXT='REVIEW - THIS IS A MESS'; TEXT CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Inapplicable if no anterior process is present.'; TEXT CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Whitmore (1953) calls this the condylar foramen but says the hypoglossal nerve went through it in Leptomeryx. Could consider rewording these characters to be one or two foramina in region of condyles.'; TEXT CHARACTER=127 TEXT='MS review ^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=128 TEXT='82. (2) N67; LG#52B N67''s description----- Posterior lacerate foramen shape (Nickel et al., use jugular foramen exclusively) (for common exit of cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and jugular vein) - large and circular and well separated due to closed fissure (0); -small, usually lenticular (jugular vein may exit elsewhere) and well separated (1);-extensive (indeterminate), coalesces with basicochlear fissure (Luo''s basicapsular fissure, Nickel et al.:135 call it "fissura petrooccipitalis") that separates the promontorium from the basisphenoid-basioccipital (2). JS1a. Jugular foramen: separate from posterior lacerate foramen (0); confluent with posterior lacerate foramen (1).I thought these were the same thing???? Do they mean basicapsilar fissure? (could possibly state jf + bf = plf???)'; TEXT CHARACTER=129 TEXT='In whales - look laterally'; TEXT CHARACTER=130 TEXT='116. (26) MacPL3. (see also Rose and Emry 1993; NMW 27). MacPL adds some other language here but it is not in both states - check later. Relevance? repeatability?'; TEXT CHARACTER=131 TEXT='209. (26) N29, G51 (see also Prothero, 1993 according to Geisler). Enlarged orbitosphenoid is supposed to unite Artiodactyla according to Prothero, 1993 - see also Janis.'; TEXT CHARACTER=133 TEXT='43. (1, 26) OG#29 I don''t necessarily agree that if the canal is absent that neither ant. Nor posterior openings can be scored - (procyonids seem to have the anterior opening without the posterior one and okapis the posterior without the anterior [the latter seems more common])'; TEXT CHARACTER=134 TEXT='152. (4, 26) N27, TD20 [they provide the last state]. 200. (4) TD20. REVISED STATES Ethmoid foramen: present (0); absent (1) At frontal inferior margion or frontal - orbitosphenoid suture see MacPhee and Nickel'; TEXT CHARACTER=135 TEXT='166. (26) (low orbit view) OG36, G52, see Novacek, 1986. (also Thewissen et al., 1983) 145C. TWRH 39, see also Thewissen and Domning, 1992?. I think this will separate odontocetes and mysticetes but check mysticete in USNM specimen'; TEXT CHARACTER=136 TEXT='147. ( 22, 28) N14. REVISED DEFINED in lateral view exclusively because the maxilla wraps around and reappears at the base of the orbit. I think my states are pretty equivalent with his if he means midline. Emphasize the bulla part presence or absence -'; TEXT CHARACTER=137 TEXT='183 (26).'; TEXT CHARACTER=138 TEXT='see Nickel et al., 1986: 121'; TEXT CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout do not go into much detail here'; TEXT CHARACTER=140 TEXT='Inapplicable if more than one foramen present (assuming that the bar of bone dividing the foramen may obscure the shape of a single foramen).^n^nNeed photos in anterior view to asses this.^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 19.^nPearson, 1927 says ruminants also have a lacrimal bulla pp. 70^nMVZ 55146 Giraffa present - careful with the ruminants- it is so large it looks like a maxillary bulla'; TEXT CHARACTER=142 TEXT='watch in artios - see Giraffa'; TEXT CHARACTER=143 TEXT='MS - let''s look at this together^n^n Nickel et al. appear to call the posterior opening of the infraorbital foramen, the "foramen maxillare" (e.g. p. 128) -Sphenopalatine foramen is superior and caudal palatine foramen is inferior - maxillary foramen appears to be medial according to Nickel. Fordyce and Mead give very confusing descriptions of these foramina and it seems that they are not visible without destructive sectioning. See also Miller''s Anatomy of the dog - pp 144, 151, 156, not illustrated but described.'; TEXT CHARACTER=144 TEXT='ILLUSTRATE - Clearly defined in Canis,- what is the difference between the dorsopalatine foramen and the posterior palatine foramen'; TEXT CHARACTER=147 TEXT='MM1443 (from de Muizon) apparently absent in camels and antelope according to MM. In whales the palatine is split by the invasion of the pterygoid see Monodon for an example'; TEXT CHARACTER=148 TEXT='(MM1444; Muizon, 1984) Present in a variety of odontocetes'; TEXT CHARACTER=149 TEXT='83B. (2) (MM1451; Muizon, 1991). Heyning, 1989:52 discusses these sinuses. RECOMPARE Mesonychids. Present in all odontocetes (not archeocetes) according to MM - clarify definition of ANTERIOR PTERYGOID SINUS AND PTERYGOID SINUS - and temporal fossa. MM score all pterygoid sinus characters as "?" for nonwhales - should distinguish between the pterygoid vein sinuses and whatever bony borders they are recognizing. Inapplicable in certain taxa with no large pterygoid sinus.'; TEXT CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Compare distance between canines and distance between last tooth - if equal - the state is parallel'; TEXT CHARACTER=151 TEXT='watch that this does not contradict previous character - or duplicate any rostral dimension characters around 295 - similar in hippos and mesonychids. Subsumes Boisserie et al. 2005, character 9. See Boisserie 2005 for illustration of the character state. I do not agree with his coding - see the detailed paper character 1. Boisserie uses to link hippos and peccaries.'; TEXT CHARACTER=152 TEXT='178 (revised by me U3) (20). ABSORBED THE FOLLOWING 188. (6) U3, UG 2001-3. Rostrum breadth: narrow (0); moderate (1); broad (2); very broad (3) maybe reduced # of states here Weird character - no clear divisions, state 2 is not represented in UG 2001 and possibly also U3, non whales, pakicetids and ambulocetids are scored as missing data (why?), no indication of where on the rostrum this comes from, essentially separates Dalanistes and Remingtonocetus (really narrow) from all other whales and then puts Mysticetes in a category by themselves. POSSIBLE REPEAT'; TEXT CHARACTER=153 TEXT='95 (20). hard homology in whales even though this is good in hippos'; TEXT CHARACTER=154 TEXT='146. (can be bifurcate, see Nickel et al: 116), * Smuts and Bezuidenhout label a "caudal nasal spine" page 5'; TEXT CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Use size of outline of fissure - See what Fordcye and Mead say about this'; TEXT CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Incisive foramina^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Incisive foramina'; TEXT CHARACTER=159 TEXT='Sometimes this hole is on a slant, making it difficult to see in a ventral view of the palate, look for the adjacent groove anterior to the hole made by the nerve.'; TEXT CHARACTER=160 TEXT='If the posterior border only is maxilla can still score as state 0 - should span both bones for state 1'; TEXT CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Describes whether or not the medial borders of the maxillae meet each other or not - so as not to be redundant with vomer character - this should be anterior to where the vomer appears on palate.'; TEXT CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Pickford 1983:2089 is source, supposed to link hippos and peccaries - Kogia has large palatine grooves too. Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 7, this incorporates the 'buried palatine groove' character of Pickford. Boisserie et al. 2005, have THREE states - Anterio palatine foramen: across from molars, across from premolars, anterior to premolars. I THINK THE SECOND TWO STATES OF Boisserie et al. 2005, SHOULD BE COMBINED - COMPARE WITH THEIR MATRIX. They score in some fashion in hippos and peccaries but it does not act as a synapomorphy because it is broken into so many state.'; TEXT CHARACTER=164 TEXT='101A. MM1594 (20) CONSIDER NAMING BONE'; TEXT CHARACTER=165 TEXT='UG 2001(text: p. 7) Supposed to be present in basilosaurids. Any separation at all. If a gap, should be open anteriorly. Seems to characterize ruminants. In Pontoporia premaxillae are separated distally but not proximally (dorsal view)'; TEXT CHARACTER=166 TEXT='302. (20) (MM1440; Muizon, 1987) Heyning, 1989:52 - says present in Platanista - expanded to cover the entire palatine - also in Zarchais flagelator'; TEXT CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Combines antoher character absent = "clearly separate" state'; TEXT CHARACTER=168 TEXT=' This incorporates the concept of "nasopharyngeal duct" of Thewissen et al. 1996, see also Boisserie et al. 2005. '; TEXT CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Repeats - 258. VV. (20)** IMPORTANT CHARACTER. ** Fix states, they seem weird'; TEXT CHARACTER=170 TEXT='see Pilleri 1982, pterygoschisis, present in some odontocetes.'; TEXT CHARACTER=171 TEXT='This is generally absent in cetaceans, which have a fairly transformed nasopharyngeal region.'; TEXT CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Present - is a sharp and immediate constriction in the anterior one-third. '; TEXT CHARACTER=175 TEXT='In a transverse/horizontal plane.'; TEXT CHARACTER=178 TEXT='At lateral aspect of occipital - superior to mastoid region^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Incredibly clear in pigs - like Sus scrofa'; TEXT CHARACTER=183 TEXT='Inapplicable for long paracondylar processes. '; TEXT CHARACTER=184 TEXT='inapplicable in taxa in which the paracondylar process does not extend inferior to bulla'; TEXT CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Scored as present if there is at least partial contact. Also absent in Tapirus, Ovis.'; TEXT CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Means - is there a part where the bones are adjacent but not touching, hard homology in whales due to knob shape of nasals - e.g. Ziphius.'; TEXT CHARACTER=188 TEXT=' If present in either sex score as present'; TEXT CHARACTER=189 TEXT=' It is the jugal part of the zygomatic that is expanded.'; TEXT CHARACTER=190 TEXT='PROBABLY NEED TO CHANGE AGAIN FOR WHALES; in several whales the bulla is effectively lower although not quite like what is seen in artiodactyls.'; TEXT CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 call this the "lacrimal vacuity" in one place and the "lacrimal fossa" in another - it is not a hole but a depression in the facial plate of the lacrimal bone that houses the suborbital gland and can be very large involving other bones. '; TEXT CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Janis and Scott, 1987; Scott and Janis, 1993 call this the antorbital vacuity.'; TEXT CHARACTER=195 TEXT='REPLACE WITH REDUCTIVE CODING.'; TEXT CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Compare at lowest extreme of zygomatic process'; TEXT CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Canines and incisive foramina are not always in the same place and this still doesn''t work with cervids. It also does not work with Ziphius. Could use premaxillary suture. '; TEXT CHARACTER=200 TEXT=' Schaller 1992:30'; TEXT CHARACTER=201 TEXT='NEED CLOSE UP IMAGES FOR THIS.'; TEXT CHARACTER=203 TEXT='REDUCTIVE CODING REVISIONS NEEDED. '; TEXT CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 3 -see hippo images from their paper.'; TEXT CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 15^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Any bony protrusion, regardless of the contributing bones. '; TEXT CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Supraorbital process [uhen''s and UG 2001''s ''frontal shield'' widest distance across frontal bones over the posterior margin of the orbits .(derived from Barnes, 1984). Hippopotamus, Bos and Ovis all have some expantion over the orbit - the difference with whales (also present in Bos) is that the supraorbital process continues backwards and roofs the temporal fossa. '; TEXT CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Typically for the "small" condition, some of the inferior margin of the eye socket is visible in dorsal view, however, in some carnivorans the eye socket is visible even for large size.'; TEXT CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Present in odontocetes and absent in mysticetes. I am listing as absent in nonwhales. I don''t agree with Geisler''s scoring that this is different in Hippos vs. Ruminants. In many artiodactyls the temporalis muscle scar bumps right up against the posterior part of the orbit - whether that is a ''suprorbital process'' or not.'; TEXT CHARACTER=214 TEXT='DORSAL VIEW: Area anterior to anterior orbit margin is significantly longer than area posterior to anterior orbit margin.^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 41'; TEXT CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 38 - part 2'; TEXT CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 38 '; TEXT CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 31, hold teeth level for this'; TEXT CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005, character 5, Inapplicable in taxa with no canines. Fossa is located anterior to canine.'; TEXT CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Depression in anterior palate. Boisserie et al. 2005, character 6; Boisserie scores in Catagonus, Saotherium, Archaeopotamus, Hippo, Choeropsis, Libycosaurus. This appears to be present in a lot of artiodactyls. Whales that have a vaulted palate are scored as present'; TEXT CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 1; This (which state?) links some anthracotheres and hippos but I think this is incorrectly scored in hippos. The bone is solidly sutured in hippos (see the Riverside specimen). Boisserie codes this in a number of taxa including living hippos and anthracotheres but I don't see that this is true of pygmy hippos and even regular ones.'; TEXT CHARACTER=223 TEXT='335. (3/4, 6) MM1596. They homologize this explicitly with infraorbital foramen and say that it is whales that have two - all whales. On dorsal surface of maxilla'; TEXT CHARACTER=224 TEXT='combines some of the information in G65'; TEXT CHARACTER=225 TEXT='144e. (3,4; 6) G65, modified. Without tooth homologies cannot use this character. Geisler scores this as absent in derived cetaceans. Revise to make more inclusive. This is also used in Boisserie et al. 2005, as CHARACTER 10 - they have only two states - posterior to P3-P4 (my state 0) or anterior/superior to P3-P4 (my state 2 or 3) CHANGE TO OVER PREMOLARS, OVER MOLARS.'; TEXT CHARACTER=226 TEXT='N38 - see Novacek, 1986:47) these are essentially at the squamosal - parietal suture or a little lower. Very common in pecorans. CHECK ALL AGAIN - Repeats the perforations around meatal tube character??? These are usually numerous in contrast to the suprameatal foramen.'; TEXT CHARACTER=227 TEXT='157. (3) N41 - watch the pecorans - they all have a very large hole in this area - part of the postglenoid circulation . One large foramen superior to EAM in squamosal, also in poebrotherium I think^n^ncompare with what Whitmore (1953) said about Leptomeryx, seems to call this the posttemporal canal^ncompare with what Webb and Taylor 1980, p. 134 call the "supraglenoid foramen"'; TEXT CHARACTER=230 TEXT='167. (4) OG37, JS 8, G58, G38. (Novacek, 1986 [N24]). In camels just a rough area - should this still count???'; TEXT CHARACTER=231 TEXT='TWRH ?REPEAT of a Nov. character?; Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 13; Almost certainly absent in whales even though the lacrimal suture cannot be seen in the adults.'; TEXT CHARACTER=232 TEXT='227. (3/4, 6) (top view)'; TEXT CHARACTER=233 TEXT='165. (3, 4) OG35, G55, see Gentry and Hooker , TWRH40. (ordered).-(GH68; JS1a; N26 [I think this is about this]). Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 21'; TEXT CHARACTER=234 TEXT='92 (3/4). Can be scored even if the bar is not complete. Should be broken up by superior and inferior aspects. What is the relationship between the zygomatic arch and tht oribit?'; TEXT CHARACTER=235 TEXT='295. (3/4) (MM1430; Flower, 1869; Schulte, 1917; Heyning, 1989; Muizon, 1991) Present in many odontocetes absent in nonwhales and mysticetes. This is hard to see in taxa where it is fused - in odontocetes the lacrimal is visible in dorsal view. Or in Australodelphis it is inferred in ventral view just next to the jugal (but not in dorsal view)'; TEXT CHARACTER=236 TEXT='RECHECK ALL for conistency -- Depends a lot on orientation - "level" means level with frontal'; TEXT CHARACTER=237 TEXT='165c (3 and 4). G57 modified (not sure whether he means anterior or other margin, use as anterior) - modified following Pickford. Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 17 (they have a slight modification of this) Also the categories are not that satisfactory in terms of the shape differences'; TEXT CHARACTER=238 TEXT='334. (3/4) MM1567 in part - may need to distinguish baleen whales from odontocetes.'; TEXT CHARACTER=239 TEXT='^nREDUCTIVE CODING EDITS?^n^ncomplete refers not to fusion but to proximity where possible'; TEXT CHARACTER=241 TEXT='142. (4, 6) N6. MODIFIED This is very relative too - not sure how good it is. In whales - it is more posterior'; TEXT CHARACTER=242 TEXT='142. (4, 6) N6. MODIFIED This is very relative too - not sure how good it is. In whales - it is more posterior. The lacrimal intervenes often.'; TEXT CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:52 - says this is the profile view - the rostrum of most odontocetes gradually or abruptly curves upward to the braincase (concave - see also Berta and Sumich p. 68). Thus the facial plane is typically sightly concave. Monodontids - it is flat and Delphinapterus it is convex; 266. (6) (MM 1398 modified; Heyning, 1989). scoring crosses into terrestrial mammals - I do not follow their scoring, I also disagree with their scoring that this is absent in Monodon. In mysticetes - facial plane tends to be convex. In whales the facial plane area is also anterior to the nostrils - in nonwhales there is a substantial portion that is posterior to the nostrils.'; TEXT CHARACTER=244 TEXT='MODIFIED Vague UG 2001- have this too (#6); Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 18 (slightly different wording but same character) - Needs revision - this is some morphometric deal. designed to distinguish Dalanistes and Remingtonocetus.180. (3, 4, 6) U7. Orbit position relative to the nasals: low My definition nasals reach a point superior to the orbit or very close (0); moderate (1); high (2). In Uhen (1999) and UG 2001 this is scored as 0 for everything except Ambulocetus. PIckford, 1983:206 calls "elevated orbits" a hippo character, so does AMNH display'; TEXT CHARACTER=245 TEXT='188. (16) GH69'; TEXT CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Teeth should be horizontal for this and if bone increases in thickness distally it is state 1.'; TEXT CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 47'; TEXT CHARACTER=249 TEXT=' inapplicable in specimens without the angular process'; TEXT CHARACTER=251 TEXT='192E. (15 or 16) see also 213. (15) N71 I think this is covered already213. (15) N71 revised due to duplication and size + shape . Coronoid process: well-developed, dorsally rounded, semi-vertical anterior ridge (0); small with anterior margin inclined (1).'; TEXT CHARACTER=252 TEXT='173. (15) OG40, G74. , MM1589. - (modified from Thewissen, 1994; Geisler and Luo, 1998). This hole often has a gliding enlarged entrym, making it hard to measure.UG 2001-24. Mandibular foramen: small (0); medium (1); large (2). Heyning, 1989:53 - discusses this in whales. MAY NEED TO REINTRODUCE PANBONE CHARACTER.'; TEXT CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Repeats196B. (15 or 16) Hard to characterize in whales - I guess straight'; TEXT CHARACTER=254 TEXT='174. (15, 18) OG41. (GH79; N72) G78. (18)see for percentages - modified'; TEXT CHARACTER=256 TEXT='191A'; TEXT CHARACTER=257 TEXT='(38) MM1568 in part (True, McLeod). Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 29 - Glenoid cavity surface (essentially duplicates this because they are in articulation).'; TEXT CHARACTER=258 TEXT='196D. (38) MM1568 (in part). Separates baleen whales and nonwhales from odontocetes. Refers to the posterior orientation of the baleen whale condyles'; TEXT CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Webb and Taylor use presence to unite Eupecora. Janis and Scott call the cranial appendages of the Bovidae "horns" and don''t advocate using the character this way. Gentry and Hooker use it as I am only they call all cranial appendages "horns" and then differentiate those with antlers. Hassanin and Douzery Char 29'; TEXT CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery 30 - they only list Antilocapridae as having the supraorbital position - this is from Janis and Scott too. Cervidae has no description in Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 but listed as postorbital in Hassanin and Douzery'; TEXT CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Branched bone core - character 31 - in Hassanin and Douzery^n203. (39) RGH8, G53 in part, see also Janis and Scott, 1987, Scott and Janis, 1993)^nPresent in extinct taxa'; TEXT CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Wikipedia: a covering of horn (keratin and other proteins) surrounding a core of living bone. True horns are found only among the ruminant artiodactyls,in the families Antilocapridae (pronghorn) and Bovidae (cattle, goats, antelope etc.). '; TEXT CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Cranial appendages that contain partial DECIDUOUS BONE and are present in Cervidae (Hassanin and Douzery char 32). See Scott and Janis too for clarification - p. 14 - they are postorbital, forked, branched or palmate and are outgrowths of the frontal bone. Covered with skin during the growth phase but the main portion is nonliving bone when growth is complete. The bony portion of the appendages is deciduous and shed and regrown annuallly. There is a pedicle that is permanent. Subsumes RGH6'; TEXT CHARACTER=264 TEXT='199. (35) RGH4 - they list as present in Giraffids and Bovids - Janis and Scott p. 10 say present in Giraffa but absent in bovids. This is a developmental character - Hassanin and Douzery have a character "cranial appendages formed from frontal or dermal ossification" and this scored as frontal ossification in the case of cervids and bovids and a dermal ossification in the case of Giraffids. Janis and Scott say that the term "ossicone" is usually used for Girafids and are dermal ossifications. GENTRY AND HOOKER (P. 249 AND 261) CONTRADICT JANIS AND SCOTT (P.10) - HERE GOING WITH JANIS AND SCOTT AND HASSANIN AND DOUZERY.'; TEXT CHARACTER=265 TEXT='I have added this character - see Janis and Scottt Figure 3 - absent in Bovids and Antilocaprids'; TEXT CHARACTER=266 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery character 34 and Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 - present in Antilocaprids and Bovids'; TEXT CHARACTER=267 TEXT='MODIFIED RGH5A. According to Janis and Scott this is present only in Antilocapridae - deciduous. They have three states including absence of horn core sheath - but I don''t think any living taxon has an absent sheath. This is revised.'; TEXT CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery character 36 - cervids and bovids - males only'; TEXT CHARACTER=269 TEXT='297. (3/4, 6) (MM1433; Muizon, 1988) Present in Phocoena only.'; TEXT CHARACTER=270 TEXT='(Wyss & Flynn 1993: character 4, a caniform synapomorphy)'; TEXT CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Walker page. 1336 says this is a suid feature but I have only seen it in Hylochoerus'; TEXT CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Viewed dorsally. IMPORTANT CHARACTER (3, 11) U19, UG 2001 -19; revised by me. ^nPakicetus and Tayassu look IDENTICAL in this character. REALLY hard to find a good mesonychid with this area preserved Uhen (1999) uses this to differentiate some of the archaeocetes from each other. Extant whales are all state 3 (2?). Fordyce does label these in the Australodelphis paper there they look pretty angled back. See Nickel p. 131 bottom. This is incredibly pronounced in taxa like Dorudon - very bent back laterally'; TEXT CHARACTER=273 TEXT='In whales I am just using the part of the frontal visible in dorsal view at the vertex.'; TEXT CHARACTER=274 TEXT='often adjacent to sagittal suture, sometimes just one'; TEXT CHARACTER=275 TEXT='121 and 138 are now combined Nickell calls this the processus rostralis - Novacek has an anterior nasal spine character - this includes that'; TEXT CHARACTER=276 TEXT='(MM1432; Muizon, 1988) Check their distribution on this. Revised wording because "shape" did not really make sense. ?REPEAT'; TEXT CHARACTER=277 TEXT='See Walker''s mammals p. 1334 - he talks about a difference between artiodactyls and perissodactyls in the relative posterior expansion of the nasal bones. CHECK OVER THIS WHOLE CHARACTER. Does not conflict with incursion character'; TEXT CHARACTER=278 TEXT='140. (6) N2. broad (0); narrow i.e., nasal does not widen at this end (1). (this differs from shape)'; TEXT CHARACTER=279 TEXT='140. (6) N2. broad (0); narrow i.e., nasal does not widen at this end (1). (this differs from shape)'; TEXT CHARACTER=280 TEXT='217B. (6) TWRH 41See comments on 144e. should be in frontal - score as absent in whales because it can be seen ventrally that there is nothing going into the frontal to ultimately pass through it - despite the telescoping. Where do the cutaneous branches of V1 exit then? Watch residual naming of maxillary foramen as supraorbital. SHARED BETWEEN MESONYCHIANS AND WHALES.'; TEXT CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character 23 (theirs is not identical, they combine with information regarding the presence/absence of multiple foramina)^n^n (6) equivalent of the "anteromedial sulcus" in whales see Waipatia paper - be sure to deal with inapplicable/absent issue as far as the supraorbital foramen goes'; TEXT CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Not homologized with the supraorbital foramen - even though both above orbit'; TEXT CHARACTER=283 TEXT='281. (6, 3/4) (MM1415) consider adding a state of really small - present in Kogia and Physeter and polymorphic in Ziphius - ONLY score in whales - however possible fusion of characters later to avoid redundancy'; TEXT CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Inapplicable in nonwhales for the mostpart'; TEXT CHARACTER=285 TEXT='318. (3/4, 6) (MM1461; Muizon, 1984; 1988) Present in Phocoena, Platanista, and Inia. Should this be inapplicable in non whales? currently scored as absent'; TEXT CHARACTER=286 TEXT='313. (26?) (MM1453; Muizon, 1988; Heyning, 1989) - this is a difference between odontocetes and mysticetes- in odontocetes this seems to be primarily the anterior part -'; TEXT CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:48 - says a synapomorphy of extant odontocetes - however Barnes has argued otherwise based on fossils'; TEXT CHARACTER=288 TEXT='Occurs (in dorsal view) typically anterior to frontoparietal suture. Note in suids and some fossils the constriction tends to be essentially posterior to the braincase, in the occipital.'; TEXT CHARACTER=289 TEXT='Inapplicable if suture is not visible and/or if constriction is absent'; TEXT CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:48 - says a synapomorphy of extant odontocetes - however Barnes has argued otherwise based on fossils'; TEXT CHARACTER=291 TEXT='268. (6) (MM1400; Abel, 1905, Heyning, 1989, Muizon, 1991) Heyning, 1989:49 - present only in Physeter and Kogia (the ziphiid Hyperoodon has something kind of similar) - this is the amphitheatre like shape of the skull of Physeter'; TEXT CHARACTER=292 TEXT='269. (6) (MM1401; True, 1910; Mead, 1975; Heyning, 1989, Muizon, 1991) According to MM this is only present in Kogia and Physeter.'; TEXT CHARACTER=293 TEXT='270. (6) (MM1402) Only in Ziphius. Kogia, Mesoplodon, Physeter, Platanista'; TEXT CHARACTER=294 TEXT='271. (6) (MM 1403) According to MM this is only present in Kogia and Physeter WEIRD WORDING. In many normal mammals the premaxilla is also inferior as well as lateral.'; TEXT CHARACTER=295 TEXT='272. (6) (MM1404; Moore, 1968; Heyning, 1989; Muizon, 1991) Vertex is the highest point as defined by Moore, 1968.CLEAR DEFINITION AND LABELLING OF VERTEX IS ESSENTIAL HERE Heyning, 1989:52 - discusses premaxilla-nasal contact as something that is ABSENT in iniids and phocoenids - this relates to the other character about contact with bony nares as well. Check scorings against MM afterwards.'; TEXT CHARACTER=296 TEXT='273. (6) (MM1405; Muizon, 1988) Premaxillae - Look for this in Physeter and Inia. In the specimen of Inia that I have this is absent'; TEXT CHARACTER=297 TEXT='276. (6, 3/4) (MM1410; Flower, 1867; Muizon, 1988; Heyning, 1989) In Inia and Pontoporia (there are bumps just around the naris).: Heyning, 1989:52 - says this is present in phocoenids - fossil and extant - have to expand definition of "ascending process" to answer this - I think this may have a wider distribution - potentially check'; TEXT CHARACTER=298 TEXT='cetacean feature'; TEXT CHARACTER=299 TEXT='277. A depression in the dorsal surface of the (expanded) premaxilla. SEE Bianucci JVP 2001 page 576 page 576 SEE FORDYCE Australodelphis paper, p. 41 Fig. b. (6, 3/4) (MM1411; Heyning, 1989): absent in artiodactylans and present in a variety of cetaceans, absent (rare) in a handful of whales. MM score as absent in artiodactyls. Illustrated and Labelled in Fordyce, Waipatia paper p. 153 as present. Not clear on the homology with artiodactylans - possibly ask Annalisa. What is the exact anterior margin of this?'; TEXT CHARACTER=300 TEXT='present in peccary and some odontocetes'; TEXT CHARACTER=301 TEXT='286. (6, 3/4) (MM1420; Muizon, 1984; Barnes, 1985) See Fordyce, 1998 Waipatia page 153:Fig. 5B. (present). This is distinct from the temporal crest and the facial crest (whatever that is), however, it is probably tricky to tell whether this is entirely maxilla or also frontal and even parietal sometimes. MM score this as present ONLY in Pontoporia. I am scoring in Platanistat too See also Fordyce Australodelphis p.41 Fig. a - bad drawing of this there. I think Kogia has something that basically amounts to a maxillary crest.'; TEXT CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:52 - autapomorphy of Platanista - posterolateral edge of maxilla is expanded and forms large crests that overhangs the "facial fossa" - pterygoid air sinuses are in here. My homologies differ from those of MM - I am scoring this as homologous with the maxillary crest of Pontoporia - just modifed (separate characters)'; TEXT CHARACTER=304 TEXT='(MM1423; Mead, 1975:9) Present in all odontocetes. this is not mentioned in the monograph by Mead and Fordyce. '; TEXT CHARACTER=305 TEXT='292. (6) (MM1426; Moore, 1963; Heyning, 1989) Could camels be homologous. Berta and Sumich say - an odontocete synapomorphy p. 68'; TEXT CHARACTER=307 TEXT='294. ( 6 dorsal ) (MM1429; Moore, 1963; Heyning, 1989) Apparently happens in Mesoplodon and Ziphius according to Moore, 1968 chart'; TEXT CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Applies to Kogia (one) and Physeter (none) 296. ( 6) (MM1431; Kuzmin, 1977; Heyning, 1989; Muizon, 1991) .Heyning, 1989:49 - one lacking in physeterids - one in Physeter and both in Kogia and Praekogia'; TEXT CHARACTER=309 TEXT='299. ( 6) (MM1435; Moore, 1968:260) Present in some odontocetes, listed as inapplicable in many other taxa. MM score this as inapplicable in the majority of taxa - I am changing this to absent.'; TEXT CHARACTER=310 TEXT='290. (6, 1, 2) (MM1424; Muizon, 1984; Barnes, 1985) Only present in Pontoporia and Lipotes according to MM. Barnes 1985:3 calls this "rostrum constricted transversely posterior to end of tooth row" THEN WHY "ROSTRAL????. VERY CLEAR IN THOSE SPECIMENS. I SCORE AS PRESENT IN MONODON TOO. RECHECK THE ONES THAT ARE NOT WHALES'; TEXT CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Balaena, Eubalaena and Eschrictius --- difficult with the ruminants which have an abrupt transition and the whales which have a gradually tapering one.'; TEXT CHARACTER=313 TEXT='REDUCTIVE CODING'; TEXT CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Absence of telescoping means the bones abut each other (see MM)'; TEXT CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Gingerich in press says that extending under frontal is a mysticete character and over frontal is an odontocete character. MM1563. There is a discrepancy between the MM paper and the downloadable matrix - I think there is an error in the paper. (True, Miller, McLeod) Heyning, 1989:48 , see also Encyclopedia of Marine mammals: 1113 (Rommel). SCORING MAY DIFFER FROM MM.^nMM1563 - score all mysticetes as "abutting"; max extends posteriorly and covers supraorbital region (be sure to get above/below clear) in odontocetes - Heyning says this is the supraorbital region of the FRONTAL - it is covered by the maxillae in Odontocetes - I think Heyning, 1989:51 has a redundant character here with "temporal fossa".'; TEXT CHARACTER=317 TEXT='329. (6) MM1526'; TEXT CHARACTER=318 TEXT='MM1455; Miller, 1923) An odontocete feature.'; TEXT CHARACTER=319 TEXT='326. (11, 6) MM1515 see who they use this character to differentiate??'; TEXT CHARACTER=320 TEXT='327. (11) MM1516'; TEXT CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Interesting that this is absent in Moschus but not other Pecorans or Tragulus'; TEXT CHARACTER=322 TEXT='(GH64A). OG 61. Or in case of differently sized incisors - compare to lateral incisor. modified - scoring in Hippos is tricky because of the pronounced difference in size of the incisors - recheck. Scored as polymorphic if there are known differences between the sexes - may need to check dimorphism (RED)'; TEXT CHARACTER=323 TEXT='modified (GH64A). May need to revise to be consistent.'; TEXT CHARACTER=324 TEXT='modified (GH64A). Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:59 (they say premolar)'; TEXT CHARACTER=326 TEXT='mitten shaped could almost be a subset of spatula shaped see camels. SPATULA = WIDENED OCCLUSAL END'; TEXT CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:50 - seems really hard to get these data. Boisserie scores as open rooted in Kenyapotamus, Saotherium, Archaeopotamus, Hippopotamus, Hexaprotodon siva., Choeropsis, Libycosaurus, and Brachyodus.'; TEXT CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:54, slightly revised to compress to two states. Posterior may also mean laterally offset. A better way to describe this might be how much of an arc do the incisors form, this may be easier to score.'; TEXT CHARACTER=330 TEXT='See also OG63 - cross section shape oval or triangular - - modified to devlop primitive state and to fully describe actually. Comment that words like "incisiform" are not that useful because incisors vary in shape. Consider rechecking - especially those taxa with the canine closely appressed to the incisors.'; TEXT CHARACTER=331 TEXT='get Gentry and Hooker number - probably also used in Boisserie, et al. 58 (they say ovoid vs. "D" shaped); OG63; Hassanin and Douzery'; TEXT CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery - 46 - I think this repeats??? State 0 here does not mean - no wear at all'; TEXT CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery - 46 - '; TEXT CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Hylo AMNH 53661'; TEXT CHARACTER=335 TEXT='(Zhou et al., 1995; GH56).'; TEXT CHARACTER=336 TEXT='two fused roots = one root; Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:61'; TEXT CHARACTER=337 TEXT='GH57. GH essentially use this to distinguish a few artiodactyls - will be uninformative until they are included.'; TEXT CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:62 - only they have three states related to how many cusps are on the talonid. Here taken to be any talonid formation. I am using "talonid" instead of "basin"(Boisserie)'; TEXT CHARACTER=343 TEXT='MM1468. Heyning, 1989:53 all odontocetes have a dental formula that exceeds the primitive eutherian 48 - same in mysticete tooth buds'; TEXT CHARACTER=344 TEXT='MM1468. Heyning, 1989:53 all odontocetes have a dental formula that exceeds the primitive eutherian 48 - same in mysticete tooth buds'; TEXT CHARACTER=345 TEXT='MM1473. Flower, 1867. Only present in Inia. Consider synonymizing with a talonid - at least last three teeth of dentary'; TEXT CHARACTER=346 TEXT='(Thewissen and Domning, 1992).'; TEXT CHARACTER=347 TEXT='(Thewissen and Domning, 1992). Will need to double check the issue of the accessory crest (See taxa like Leptomeryx and Gentry and Hooker''s definitions). Probably should recheck with photos for ruminants. I think the accessory crest is a cresty metaconid and that the cusps that follow it are homologous with the talonid. I don''t think this fully agrees with Gentry and Hooker but check.'; TEXT CHARACTER=348 TEXT='MS DISCUSS'; TEXT CHARACTER=349 TEXT='GH42A. modified'; TEXT CHARACTER=350 TEXT='(Thewissen and Domning, 1992; GH48).'; TEXT CHARACTER=351 TEXT='TWRH 21'; TEXT CHARACTER=352 TEXT='TWRH 21, includes part of Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:63. Considering this absent if posterior border of protocone essentially slopes straight to distal edge of tooth.'; TEXT CHARACTER=353 TEXT='GH47. Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:63 (in part)'; TEXT CHARACTER=354 TEXT='same as Van Valen's protolophid - SCORING THIS AS PRESENT EVEN IF IT IS JUST A CREST - Why on p3 is it a POSTprotocristid and here a protocristid. WILL ULTIMATELY HAVE TO RECONCILE THIS WITH THE CREST THAT COMES DOWN THE BACK OF THE PROTOCONID THAT IS PRESENT IN SO MANY TAXA. Tricky in things like camels. Generally considering this to be a metaconid - protoconid connection. DEAL WITH THE PERISSODACTYLS - THEY ARE DIFFERENT'; TEXT CHARACTER=355 TEXT='NEEDS WORK GH49A. Gentry and Hooker''s protocristid = Janis and Scott''s postprotocristid = Van Valen''s protolophid - How does this compare to the PROTOCRISTID? Taking this as GH "prcd" Connection between the protoconid and the metaconid. See Moschus on how this connects.'; TEXT CHARACTER=356 TEXT='(derived from O''Leary, 1998; GH28). Hard to score in ruminants like camels and sheep and cows and traglus, etc... check them all at the end.'; TEXT CHARACTER=357 TEXT='(derived from O''Leary, 1998). This character also described in V V. The paracristid connects the protoconid and the paraconid (see GH p. 237) - Janis and Scott call the crest connecting the protoconid and the paraconid (or that area) the preprotocristid. Paracristid = paralophid. Really hard to homologize in hippos.'; TEXT CHARACTER=358 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998).'; TEXT CHARACTER=359 TEXT='(metaconid presence/absence also cited by VV)(Thewissen, 1994; Zhou et al., 1995).'; TEXT CHARACTER=360 TEXT='I am going to consider the PROTOLOPHID AND PROTOCRISTID a lophlike (full connection) transformation of this crest a "protolophid" other types will be absent. must be between protoconid and metaconid. Janis and Scott call this crest the "postprotocristid"; Gentry and Hooker call it the "prcd" and then do not define this in their caption - probably the protocristid. IF THIS IS A SYNONYM OF THE POSTCRISTID - MAKE SURE THE VARIATION IS COVERED FOR BOTH TYPES - LOPH AND CREST. Distinguish the difference between a crest that connects the protoconid and metaconid directly and a crest that passes posterior to the metaconid. REALLY NEEDS WORK VIS A VIS THE RUMINANTS AND PERISSODACTYLS. NEED TO SORT OUT WHAT IS GOING ON WITH EQUUS - THE SPECIMEN DOES NOT LOOK LOPHODONT.'; TEXT CHARACTER=361 TEXT='(derived from O''Leary, 1998; GH28). paracristid = paralophid'; TEXT CHARACTER=362 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998). paracristid = paralophid'; TEXT CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Janis artiodactyl synapomorphies, slightly modified - talonid of m2 wider than trigonid - Carroll says this is a derived feature linking Diacodexis and Chriacus. I am not picking this up - either it is really subtle or absent in more derived artiodactyls.'; TEXT CHARACTER=364 TEXT='(modified from Thewissen, 1994). Should not be fully redundant with m2 talonid width since a trigonid can be either narrower than or same width as a basined talonid.'; TEXT CHARACTER=366 TEXT='(modified from Zhou et al., 1995). Not sure that the metaconid is much more distinct that the paraconid in ruminants like the Lama -- they both look pretty indistinct.'; TEXT CHARACTER=367 TEXT='(Thewisen, 1994).'; TEXT CHARACTER=368 TEXT='GH34. who does this group for them???'; TEXT CHARACTER=369 TEXT='Only score in taxa with a hypoconulid. ^n(revised from Flynn 1998).^nAn elongate m2 talonid due to a large hypoconulid is ancestral for carnivoramorphans. An elongate talonid with well-developed cusps and low trigonid cusps characterises procyonids and Ailurus. The second lower molar is lost completely in Felis. In Prodiacodon (an early leptictid) four molars are present and posteriorly increase in size. While all of the molars have large hypoconulids, the last molar has present a greatly enlarged hypoconulid.'; TEXT CHARACTER=370 TEXT='(modified from Thewissen, 1994). Watch potential redundancy with talonid and trigonid relative width.'; TEXT CHARACTER=371 TEXT='Michelle, I split from other character to try to use reductive coding throughout'; TEXT CHARACTER=372 TEXT='TD9. also GH32 - tiny bump on the posterior part of the metaconid. Hassanin and Douzery:45 use this to unite a subgrounp of Pecorans (Giraffidae, Cervidae, Moschidae, Bovidae). Comes off the back of the metaconid and runs down towards the talonid. Present in horses.'; TEXT CHARACTER=373 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998) revised'; TEXT CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Will use this for a strong, straight crest between the hypoconid and entoconid - as in perissodactyls.NEED TO WORK OUT ARTIO-PERISSO DISTINCTION HERE. (Thewissen and Domning, 1992). Boisserie et al. 2005 Character: 67; GH35. Cifelli on the Palaeos website shows this as an elongate (A-P) hypoconid - not a crest running mediolaterally across the tooth. Maas in one reference writes "postcristid (hypolophid)". Many ruminants like Bos have no entoconid - THIS SEEMS TO OVERLAP WITH JANIS AND SCOTT'S TERMS POSTENTOCRISTID AND POSTHYPOCRISTID - and with POSTCRISTID in general. '; TEXT CHARACTER=375 TEXT='See Janis and Scott - using this as the buccal arm of the postcristid - runs between the hypoconid and the hypoconulid or off the back of the hypoconid. See Dissacus for a discussion of the mesonychid condition. This should be pretty similar between mesonychids and whales.'; TEXT CHARACTER=376 TEXT='modified from Hassanin and Douzery 47 - they say this unites Pecorans - ^n^nSee Janis and Scott - they show this as a straight crest coming off the back of the entoconid - homologizing (?) with the lingual arm of the postcristid (between the hypoconulid and the entoconid)^n^nVan Valen defines only "entocristid" and this is for the preentocristid (sensu Janis and Scott). Not sure about this complete/incomplete stuff - using this character as a present-absent.'; TEXT CHARACTER=377 TEXT='(Thewissen, 1994; O''Leary, 1998; UG 2001-36). TWRH 29 - this may be present in more taxa than I have scored here'; TEXT CHARACTER=378 TEXT='GH33 - modified - is located anterior to the entoconid - see GH diagram p. 237 -- see Cervus'; TEXT CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery 43 - unites all pecorans - no idea what they actually mean.^n^n DOES NOT SEEM TO BE a Pecoran synap ACCORDING TO MY WORK; ^n^ncomes from Janis and Scott Table 1 - see Tayassu though - this is a pretty good example and how it differs'; TEXT CHARACTER=380 TEXT='?? Repeat ?? from TWRH #28 - however they fake the data for Ambulocetus because both of these cusps are absent in this taxon - They call this a measure of selenodonty'; TEXT CHARACTER=381 TEXT='GH30A.'; TEXT CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery 48 say that this groups within pecorans; Comes from Janis and Scott Table 1. This cusp is on the lateral side of lower molars and is between the trigonid and the talonid - outside either basin. However see Tayassu - this is different.'; TEXT CHARACTER=383 TEXT='TWRH 27'; TEXT CHARACTER=384 TEXT='these extend below the gumline and gouge throught the enamel'; TEXT CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:72 (in part). Boisserie scores as present in Xenohyus, Catagonus, Potamochoerus and Archaeotherium. I am not homologizing this with denticles which are more regular.'; TEXT CHARACTER=386 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998; GH28).'; TEXT CHARACTER=387 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998). May need to add a character relating presence absence'; TEXT CHARACTER=388 TEXT='(modified from Zhou et al., 1995).'; TEXT CHARACTER=390 TEXT='(Thewissen, 1994; GH37) -'; TEXT CHARACTER=391 TEXT='GH39. modified this should be pronounced differences not mm'; TEXT CHARACTER=392 TEXT='(Wyss&Flynn 1993: character 51).'; TEXT CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:52 - spatulate present in all extant species of phocoenid'; TEXT CHARACTER=394 TEXT='U28. MM1479. McCann, 1962, Moore, 1968; UG 2001-28'; TEXT CHARACTER=395 TEXT='(Gentry and Hooker, 1988; Luckett and Hong, 1998). Janis artiodactyl synapomorphies TWRH describe as 1) paracristid connects protoconid and paracristid or additional cusp present on paracristid. Incorporates this term "double mesocylix". Scorings should also be checked against O''Leary and Geisler 2001. Scorings here are from Geisler - he scores at GENUS level'; TEXT CHARACTER=396 TEXT='must be a GH character - see Scott and Janis also Table 3 - should really separate shape and size elements of this character - if sexually dimorphic, scored as polymorphic. Janis and Scott, 1987 consider this a primitive character for ruminants (p. 25). Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:52 duplicates to some degree - he does not specify upper or lower.'; TEXT CHARACTER=397 TEXT='GH61. Boisserie et al. 2005 Character: 55 - also has the state "procumbent" (present in Cebochoerus and one other taxon) Walker distinguishes the orientation of the canine in Hylochoerus and Phacochoerus - follow this.'; TEXT CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Suid incisor homologies are hard but Sus is a good comparison because it has all three and I3 does seem to be what disappears in the others'; TEXT CHARACTER=399 TEXT='GH66. (V V also has character I3 is largest upper incisor), Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:48 (sort of covered here - theirs is more general, incisor differention, not even specified upper or lower) Revised from GH66 to be more like Van Valen''s'; TEXT CHARACTER=400 TEXT='UG 2001-text (p. 7).'; TEXT CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Pickford 1983:206 - who does he say has this? Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:56'; TEXT CHARACTER=404 TEXT='?U27, UG 2001-27.^nalso G86 and Geisler and Uhen 84^n Conical if conical at the base^ncaniniform = conical and sometimes curved distally'; TEXT CHARACTER=406 TEXT='?U27, UG 2001-27. Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:49 (exact copy)'; TEXT CHARACTER=407 TEXT='3/4 OA. INTERESTING CHARACTER FOR WHALES - in whales the premax is in the midline and not involved in tooth bearing - may be slightly redundant but given the complexities introduced by whale tooth homologies - seems an important record of where they have teeth'; TEXT CHARACTER=408 TEXT='TWRH 34, also Thewissen 1994;261B. (20) OG44; TWRH34 (modified from Prothero et al., 1988; Thewissen, 1994). 2).modified from Prothero et al., 1988; Thewissen, 1994). Add a state for whales. If the anterior incisor is more medially placed - scored as arched'; TEXT CHARACTER=409 TEXT='MM1470. What is this?? Moore, 1968; Heyning, 1989. This also affects mesonychids but possibly is inaccurate.'; TEXT CHARACTER=410 TEXT='ordered).-(Zhou et al., 1995; GH53); Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:60 (in part)'; TEXT CHARACTER=411 TEXT='What is state 2???? REVISED GH54 and 55'; TEXT CHARACTER=412 TEXT='U29; UG 2001-29. he fecked up the states on this.U35 UG 2001-35. Consider removing the option of three states - I don''t think this exists.'; TEXT CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Check duplication with my matrix for TD 2and TD3TD 2; See Janis and Scott, 1987:27'; TEXT CHARACTER=414 TEXT='See Pickford (1991) in Libycosaurus folder - he mentions this in anthracotheres - I think Boisserie does not include this.'; TEXT CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Check duplication with my matrix for TD 2 and TD3 TD 2; See Janis and Scott, 1987:27 - Deal with the mesonychids - they are scored differently but have the same basic shape. Hard to tell whether this is a metacone or a metastyle, O''Leary and Rose comment on this. Dissacus is the hard one. Will score as metacone - Harpagolestes has a huge one. not a character in the O''Leary and Geisler matrix. Recheck the mesonychids on this character.'; TEXT CHARACTER=416 TEXT='from Janis and Scott Table 4 -explained and illustrated there. "Lingual" however is not really the opposite of posterior - so here it is recast as anterior - anterior is defined as directly labial to protocone'; TEXT CHARACTER=417 TEXT='TD3. (Thewissen, 1994; GH40). I think Pickford 1983''s "double cusped P4" also refers to this'; TEXT CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Thewissen and Domning, 1992; O''Leary, 1998). See also Gentry and Hooker pl 237 for ruminants - WATCH ISSUE WITH METACONULE. In the form of "tricuspid P4" Pickford, 1983:207 describes this as a suid character that differentiates them from hippos - combined with this.'; TEXT CHARACTER=420 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998; also GH23). TRICKY FOR RUMINANTS'; TEXT CHARACTER=421 TEXT='MS REPEATS - we have this character ahead'; TEXT CHARACTER=422 TEXT='O''Leary 1998, TWRH 3'; TEXT CHARACTER=423 TEXT='O''Leary 1998, TWRH 3'; TEXT CHARACTER=424 TEXT='(Wyss & Flynn 1993: character 37).'; TEXT CHARACTER=425 TEXT='(Thewissen, 1994). TWRH 4, O''''Leary, 1998?? TWRH4 - check out D. pakistanensis - pretty large paracone - but I don''t think it is quite twice the height'; TEXT CHARACTER=426 TEXT='see notes for next character'; TEXT CHARACTER=427 TEXT='GH45 modified. Janis and Scott and Gentry and Hooker call the ends of the crests on artiodactyl teeth actual "parastyles"'; TEXT CHARACTER=428 TEXT='(Zhou et al., 1995).'; TEXT CHARACTER=429 TEXT='(Zhou et al., 1995).'; TEXT CHARACTER=430 TEXT='(Wyss & Flynn 1993: character 31). The restriction of carnassial shear to P4/m1 is synapomorphic for Carnivoramorpha. Carnassial shear, is present in archaic forms (Wyss & Flynn 1993).'; TEXT CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Score if crests or cusps but not if just a parastyle shelf.'; TEXT CHARACTER=432 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998). Modify to incorporate crests as well as cusps.'; TEXT CHARACTER=433 TEXT='The primitive state is found in the Creodonta. The derived state is diagnostic of all carnivoramorphans.'; TEXT CHARACTER=434 TEXT='A wide shelf is shared among carnivoramorphans, although a narrow parastylar ridge arose independently in^nViverravus, Tapocyon, nimravids and herpestids. Loss of the parastylar shelf is diagnostic of the canids, and is^nalso shared by a clade of ursids, Ailurus and procyonids.'; TEXT CHARACTER=435 TEXT='See Palaios description - is the posterior equivalent of the paraloph - will score only as present in lophodont teeth'; TEXT CHARACTER=436 TEXT='any type of cingulum full or partial'; TEXT CHARACTER=437 TEXT='present state must go entirely around the protocone at least, may also go around hypocone'; TEXT CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:53 discusses that single rooting often occurs in odontocetes - all odontocetes possess cheek teeth that are single rooted - Squalodontidae and Agorophiidae have multi-rooted teeth - tooth buds of mysticetes also are single rooted. '; TEXT CHARACTER=439 TEXT='See Palaios diagram - a cutting edge along the mesial surface in lophodont molars - this gets all mixed up with the intricate cusp structure in nonlophodont molars'; TEXT CHARACTER=440 TEXT='MM1471. (Moore, 1968). Applies to Ziphiius, Tasmacetus and Mesoplodon - these have the NOT deeply rooted state'; TEXT CHARACTER=442 TEXT='332B. MM1572. (McLoed, True).'; TEXT CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Who has this??? Change to present absent. MM1472. (Muizon, 1984; 1988)'; TEXT CHARACTER=444 TEXT='MM1467.'; TEXT CHARACTER=445 TEXT='(Zhou et al., 1995; GH53) U30; UG 2001-30.'; TEXT CHARACTER=446 TEXT='U32; UG 2001-32.'; TEXT CHARACTER=447 TEXT='51. V V This may need some revision to read distance of cusps from lateral edge of tooth because with the crests in these artiodactys it looks like actually the same amount of distance as some stylar shelves'; TEXT CHARACTER=448 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998; also GH14A, Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:65 ^n^n 15) CHECK WHAT PEOPLE THINK ABOUT THIS IN TAXA LIKE CAMELS AND SHEEP - ABSENT??'; TEXT CHARACTER=449 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998). differenitated from the anterior cingulum'; TEXT CHARACTER=450 TEXT='(Zhou et al., 1995). Hard to measure - consider making this more gross.'; TEXT CHARACTER=452 TEXT='modified from Hassanin and Douzery:39 present in giraffes and bovids (THIS IS NOT IN THE GIRAFFA SPECIMENS I HAVE EXAMINED, and IS in CERVUS or at least something like it)- see also Janis and Scott pl 32 Table 4 - this cusp is the lingual equivalent of the mesostyle - it is between the protocone and the hyopocone on the lingual side- although see Potamochoerus.^n^nFor Leptomeryx I get a different result from janis and scott 1987'; TEXT CHARACTER=453 TEXT='GH5 and GH 6. TWRH12 list "M2 centrocrista straight or labially directed" as a measure of selenodonty - I think this character covers it.'; TEXT CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Inapplicable if lingual side of trigon is absent (modified from Thewissen, 1994; O''Leary, 1998).'; TEXT CHARACTER=455 TEXT='GH3 and GH4; GH1. These characters also include "selenodonty" e.g., Boisserie et al. 2005 Character: 68. I have broken this down -- Don''t think another separate character is needed.'; TEXT CHARACTER=458 TEXT='TD4. TWRH 13 similar but M2'; TEXT CHARACTER=460 TEXT='GH9 and GH10.'; TEXT CHARACTER=461 TEXT='TD4. TWRH 13 similar but M2; Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:70 in part'; TEXT CHARACTER=462 TEXT='This is present of the cusp itself, not just the shelf.'; TEXT CHARACTER=463 TEXT='V V also uses metacrista size RepeatGH11. ?Bogus'; TEXT CHARACTER=464 TEXT='TD5. See also GH19A Gentry and Hooker distinguish the protolophule from the postprotocrista by their orientation. Pretty vague character'; TEXT CHARACTER=465 TEXT='(O''Leary, 1998). See also Pickford 1983, GH26, and Scott and Janis 1987; Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:66 - these two papers discuss this cingulum on the molars in general, my representation is more specific. Pickford also notes this is present on P4 in Kenyapotamus and hippos. See Gentry and Hooker p. 237 - term "postcingulum" if this is ever broken into more characters. Scored as present even if it is a partial crest between the protocone and the hypocone'; TEXT CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Clarify that this is "length" not "larger".'; TEXT CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Clarify that this is "length" not "larger". This character is OG 60 essentially, was a synapomorphy of Perriss+ (artio + whales) but not sure if this still plays out.'; TEXT CHARACTER=468 TEXT='U33; UG 2001-33.'; TEXT CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:71 - "a cusp distal to the second pair, more or less median, and being independent from the cingulum). Boisserie scores as present in Xenohyus, Sus, Palaeochoerus and Potamochoerus. Why is the cusp on Choeropsis not a Pentacone?? How is this different from the trefoliate condition?'; TEXT CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:72 (only he uses for both M3 and m3). Boisserie scores as present in Xenohyus, Catagonus, Potamochoerus and Archaeotherium, he also seems to emphasize the cingulum but when these are small as in Tayassu I am not counting these.'; TEXT CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery 40 - unites Pecora supposedly; see Janis and Scott p. 32 Table 2 - THIS IS AS LARGE AS A HYPOCONE - WATCH THE SCORING OF THIS. Some taxa like Cainotherium have both cusps.'; TEXT CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Fig. 18 - Dorudon - Uhen - Present but is complicated by the way that I scored the metacone. there is still one more cusp after the putative metacone'; TEXT CHARACTER=473 TEXT='UG 2001- text (p. 3). WHICH? LINGUAL OR BUCCAL. INAPP if no cingula - NEED MORE INFO on this probably important only within archaeocetes.'; TEXT CHARACTER=474 TEXT='TD40; UG 2001-41 (used UG 2001-41 decreased states). Combine with Uhen U41. Need to clarify this in extant whales - need more articulated vertebral columns - but it seems that the zygapophyses may not meet in extant whales - are these considered absent?? or flat??. Note that in Canis this changes considerably from the first to the seventh lumbar vert, the first being revolute but the seventh being flat.'; TEXT CHARACTER=475 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout p. 10 note that this is not present in other domestic animals. Need a dorsal view of the atlas to see this. '; TEXT CHARACTER=477 TEXT='These are scored based on knowledge - should check'; TEXT CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Revise after images are posted.'; TEXT CHARACTER=479 TEXT='derived from Gingerich et al., 1995). U37; UG 2001-37. This is used to differentiate what happens in cetaceans from the typical mammalian condition - it is not a sensitive morphometric measure. For example, Miller page 166 column 2 states that thoracics are smaller than cervicals and lumbars in dogs but clearly dogs do not have the highly derived condition of whales. De Smet 1977 says that all cetaceans have a reduced craniocaudal cervical series. The fusion of these compressed cervical varies within whales and in ontogeny.'; TEXT CHARACTER=480 TEXT='UG 2001 (text,p. 11). THey have a picture - it is those ventrally projecting structures. Uhen calls these transverse processes - so does Miller page 166.'; TEXT CHARACTER=481 TEXT='in ceratin ungulates like the horse and giraffe it is a very gradational size and shape change between C2 and C3. There is also some gradation among certain ruminants, there are probably more characters to be had here regarding the way all the spinous processes are shaped and also whether or not there is a flange coming off the spine. May even link mesonychids and artiodactyls (see Sinonyx)'; TEXT CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT CHARACTER=483 TEXT='UG 2001-text (p.11).'; TEXT CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Orycteropus differs from pigs in having these really far apare'; TEXT CHARACTER=485 TEXT='GH115.'; TEXT CHARACTER=486 TEXT='U38; UG 2001-38. Hassanin and Douzery use this #21 as - number of ribs - 13 or less in tragulids, antilocaprids, cervids - 14 in giraffes and moschus - polymorphic in bovids- USUALLY IS 10-15. Uhen scores in categories 10-15, then 15-20 (archeocetes), then greater than 20 extant whales. NOTE - as currently scored - using Uhen''s categories this DOES NOT reflect some of Hassanin and Douzery''s groupings.'; TEXT CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Counting as ankylosed -- to each other. Cannot be scored for taxa that lack an articulation between the vertebral column and the illium (Thewissen and Domning, 1992; Gingerich et al., 1995). Hassanin and Douzery use this #20 - differentiates girrafes'; TEXT CHARACTER=488 TEXT='UG 2001-44.(Geisler and Luo, 1998). with S2 - this is counted if partial contact'; TEXT CHARACTER=489 TEXT='U48. UG 2001-48 - Acromion is obviously at the end of the spine and in whales (where the spine is almost impossible to detect) it can usually be seen a little bit at the base of the acromion (which is huge). Whales have a very large infraspinous fossa - often much greater than 2/3 the size of the entire scapula. Uhen states that Unequal spinous fossae is characteristic of modern cetaceans'; TEXT CHARACTER=490 TEXT='U49. UG 2001-49 - not oriented anteriorly in Pachyaena and Sinonyx (alternative position not specified by them, determined to be medial), and oriented anteriorly in Basilosaurus through Mysticetes. Still could use better terminology'; TEXT CHARACTER=491 TEXT='artios have a large spine but a small acromion - whales have the reverse'; TEXT CHARACTER=492 TEXT='defining as a process at proximal end of spine, should jut antero-inferior from spine.'; TEXT CHARACTER=493 TEXT='differs from metacromion, tuber is postitioned more dorsally^n^nNickel page 53 supplies name and labels it in pigs and horses.'; TEXT CHARACTER=495 TEXT='U53. UG 2001-53 whales - not divided - nonwhales - divided. I originally had whales as divided too - but changed to match Uhen - check, define better. CLARIFY DEFINITION.'; TEXT CHARACTER=496 TEXT='U54. UG 2001-54; apparently present in basilosaurids, dorudontids and extant whales. Not clear what criteria are necessary to measure this. If fused take whole shape for each'; TEXT CHARACTER=497 TEXT='GH88. REVISED - this is very gradational. Dissacus praenuntius - has a very long trochlea medial border - could be a separate state - takes a less cone - like shape.'; TEXT CHARACTER=500 TEXT='extant whales have greater A-P dimensions'; TEXT CHARACTER=501 TEXT='GH93 - modified a bit'; TEXT CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Follow Smuts and Bezuidenhout - they give a very specific definition of capitulum. Taxa like Hippo have a very subtle almost nonexistant ridge. The "subspherical" state came from O''Leary and Rose and is found in mesonychids.'; TEXT CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Whales still have a clear division between where the ulna articulates and where the radius articulates but this articulation is convex and largerly inferiorly directed.'; TEXT CHARACTER=506 TEXT='(Thewissen and Domning, 1992; GH89A)'; TEXT CHARACTER=507 TEXT='derived from O''Leary and Rose, 1995b; Geisler and Luo, 1998'; TEXT CHARACTER=508 TEXT='GH94. Should be an inferior view. Check that the medial epicondyle has been labelled in each case. Should this be absent or inapplicable in whales?? What if both condyles protrude from shaft as in Archaeotherium/Entelodon?? I have scored as absent - is that right?'; TEXT CHARACTER=509 TEXT='(O''Leary and Rose, 1995b; Geisler and Luo, 1998).'; TEXT CHARACTER=510 TEXT='(derived from O''Leary and Rose, 1995b; Geisler and Luo, 1998).'; TEXT CHARACTER=511 TEXT='U54. UG 2001-54; apparently present in basilosaurids, dorudontids and extant whales. Not clear what criteria are necessary to measure this. If fused take whole shape for each'; TEXT CHARACTER=512 TEXT='UG 2001-54 in part - If fused take whole shape for each'; TEXT CHARACTER=513 TEXT='U55. UG 2001-55 - modified from Uhen'; TEXT CHARACTER=514 TEXT='U55. UG 2001-55 - modified from Uhen'; TEXT CHARACTER=515 TEXT='(derived from O''Leary and Rose, 1995b). May need to revise wording here with full sample - NEED TO MEASURE'; TEXT CHARACTER=517 TEXT='U56. UG 2001-56 - modified - tends to be broad in whales. NOTE - IN SPECES WHERE THE RADIUS IS IN FRONT OF THE ULNA PROXIMALLY - THE DISTAL ULNA TENDS TO BE LATERAL'; TEXT CHARACTER=518 TEXT='data taken from next column - sources exist'; TEXT CHARACTER=519 TEXT='GH95A. * consider dividing into two characters - ** NOTE MIDDLE STATE IS NONSENSE'; TEXT CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Sara - images here need to be in ANTERIOR view. '; TEXT CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Need good medial views for this. Whales have between 5 and 7 carpals. In Dorudon there is already a fused trapezoid - magnum and no centrale. Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have around 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46. MY SCORING EXPLICITLY ASSUMES THAT SOME OF THE FUSION IS AS STATED.'; TEXT CHARACTER=522 TEXT='(Wyss & Flynn 1993: character 55).'; TEXT CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Thewissen, 1994). Just distal to the scaphoid and lunate. Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT CHARACTER=524 TEXT='This is NOT based on width - may require some explanation in paper^n^n^n***NOTE - Gingerich et al say that the hand is mesaxonic and the foot is paraxonic. I would have said the opposite on the basis of length, they must be basing this on width to a large degree. The question is then does their paraxonic foot fit my definition of paraxonic (it is less paraxonic than Mesonyx, for example). This is similar to the condition in Diacodexis pakistanensis.'; TEXT CHARACTER=525 TEXT='This is currently incorrectly scored- should be that the independent trapezium is present.'; TEXT CHARACTER=526 TEXT='U61. UG 2001-61 modified - *is this known to affect ALL phalanges or just some'; TEXT CHARACTER=529 TEXT='GH98 - some like Tursiops are both states 1 and 2; Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:80'; TEXT CHARACTER=530 TEXT='U52. UG 2001-52; TWRH (75) score this differently as present/absent - saying it is absent in taxa like Tragulus and Dissacus - deal with this - I think these have this'; TEXT CHARACTER=531 TEXT='(O''Leary and Rose, 1995b; Geisler and Luo, 1998).'; TEXT CHARACTER=532 TEXT='U62. UG 2001-62 - very modified'; TEXT CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Check for overall consistency - horse is about 45 degrees apart'; TEXT CHARACTER=535 TEXT='UG 2001-text (p. 18).'; TEXT CHARACTER=536 TEXT='UG 2001-text (p. 18).'; TEXT CHARACTER=537 TEXT='U66. UG 2001-64 his states are crap - do new ones'; TEXT CHARACTER=538 TEXT='REDUCTIVE CODING'; TEXT CHARACTER=539 TEXT='(derived from O''Leary and Rose, 1995b).'; TEXT CHARACTER=540 TEXT='(derived from O''Leary and Rose, 1995b); - *see Szalay and Gould they mention that this is present in Harpagolestes??? Carroll says this is present in Diacodexis but lost in later artios. He argues it is "primitive" present in condylarths and perissodactyls - check. This may be more subtle in mesonychids than in perissodactyls. Carroll says clavicle is preserved, also has third trochanter (apparently lost in later artiodacytls and I think mesonychids?? check).'; TEXT CHARACTER=541 TEXT='O''Leary and Geisler TWRH 88'; TEXT CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Asymmetry should be fairly pronounced'; TEXT CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Includes total reduction of the fibula which seems to happen in taxa like Antilocapra where the fibula is reduced to a nub at the proximal part of the tibia and a malleolar bone'; TEXT CHARACTER=544 TEXT='U67. UG 2001-65 - MODIFIED'; TEXT CHARACTER=545 TEXT='GH99'; TEXT CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Gingerich et al. talk very generally about artiodactyls sharing this condition with Rodhocetus - need to revise the character'; TEXT CHARACTER=547 TEXT='May put Orycteropus nearer ungulates than Canis. Probably does not vary much. Modified from Gingerich''s character - Gingerich in press says the convex state is indicative of hippos + Elomeryx and that the distal fibula articulates here - modify -- add concave-flat. see also TD46 and TM9. Hassanin and Douzery: have a character (9) differentiating tragulids and all other pecorans as follows -- proximal concavity larger and distal concavity smaller ?BOGUS? DORSAL FACET IS NOT USED IN EITHER O''LEARY AND ROSE OR SCHAEFFER. EITHER "LATERAL PROCESS" OR "ASTRAGALOCALACANEAL FACET" AND "FIBULAR FACET". This is very clear when present - in pygmy hippo. The malleolar bone in some cases intervenes here so perhaps just use TWO FACETS.'; TEXT CHARACTER=548 TEXT='This is an extra tarsal - see Smuts and Bezuidenhout - for taxa that do not seem to articulate between the fibula and the calcaneus - look for this. Nickel page 96 says this is in ruminants. I think it is appropriate to score this as absent in cetaceans because unlike a descriptive character it is a presence - absence thing. Can score if distal fibula is known.'; TEXT CHARACTER=550 TEXT='See Sinonyx for example of present'; TEXT CHARACTER=551 TEXT='New'; TEXT CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Sara - in artiodactyls this should be illustrated in medial view.^n^n there are taxa like Antilocapra in which the sustentaculum has a continuous articular facet with the ectal facet but not the anterior astragalus facet'; TEXT CHARACTER=553 TEXT='In artiodactyls the astragalus almost always folds over onto this part of the calcaneus - it just seems that sometimes it forms a facet and sometimes not - in suids and hippos - NOT and in pecorans seems to more'; TEXT CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Hylochoerus and Potamochoerus are pretty borderline'; TEXT CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Second plane (medial) accommodates the medial part of the sustentacular facet of the astragalus - if this astragalar facet is grooved - this is sometimes reflected in the sustentaculum'; TEXT CHARACTER=557 TEXT='(Geisler and Luo, 1998). Thewissen and Madar TWRH 96'; TEXT CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Thewissen and Madar TWRH 96 revised ; TM6, revised in TWRH 96 and simplified modified. "Oval" surrogate is A-P axis long; rectangular surrogate is A-P axis short or equal. Gingerich et al. also mention this as an "elongate oval" in artiodactyls. This is an inadequate description. Address this in print. If artiodactyls are to have a synapomorphy based on this character as Gingerich suggests than it has to be described differently than "oval" because it is not "oval" in many extant artiodactyls.'; TEXT CHARACTER=560 TEXT='TD49. Unfortunate wording and use of "head" - Weird character - is the neck just short or does this really extend onto it???? This is tricky in the artiodactyls because the neck is so short.'; TEXT CHARACTER=561 TEXT='(derived from Schaeffer, 1947; O''Leary and Rose, 1995b, TM1). TWRH 91. Eliminated one state because so vague in terms of differences.'; TEXT CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:75. Boisserie scores as present in hippos and Kenyapotamus, Archaeopotamus, Anthracotherium, Libycosaurus, Microbunodon, Merycopotamus, Brachyodus. See photograph - appears to be a large, spreading rough area on the proximal trochlea. Several artiodactyls have an in between version of this. I am scoring as present if it extends proximally 50% of the trochlea.If this were to be scored as present in fossil cetaceans it will also pull into the "present" category a number of ofther artiodactylans.'; TEXT CHARACTER=564 TEXT='(modified from Thewissen and Domning, 1992; O''Leary and Rose, 1995b). see also TWRH 92 G158 - Geisler has this extra state that seems hard to differentiate from saddle shaped - consider deleting. Gingerich et al., 2001.'; TEXT CHARACTER=565 TEXT='Score only in those taxa with a saddle-shaped navicular facet'; TEXT CHARACTER=566 TEXT='Sara - this needs images - and we should check that this makes sense to Michelle because she scored wihout images. Can you follow up on that?^n^nProbably need images of the distal end of the astragalar head for this one?'; TEXT CHARACTER=567 TEXT=' Sara -- Need images of the proximal end of the astragalus for this. Ventral images don''t capture this. Score in proximal/posterior view. '; TEXT CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Needs proximal images also.^nSee Schaeffer for some discusion of this and what is in it (connective tissue apparently)'; TEXT CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery 13 cite a "cubonavicular facet" that is "flat and broad" present in Giraffes -not clear on this Thewissen and Madar, 1995; probably O''Leary and Geisler, also TWRH95'; TEXT CHARACTER=570 TEXT='(O''Leary and Rose, 1995b; Geisler and Luo, 1998, TM4); Pickford 1987 aso mentions the character "talus with navicuar facet smaller than cuboid facet" this can be worked into this character. ^nBoisserie et al. 2005 Character:76 (sort of) ^nRevise - to separate Orycteropus'; TEXT CHARACTER=571 TEXT='this character is kind of variable - should occur on the lateral side at the cuboid facet. MAY WANT TO REFINE THIS FURTHER. In Perchoerus, for example the connection is not really by way of the sustentaculum but by way of an adjoining facet.'; TEXT CHARACTER=572 TEXT='on ventral surface - still not sure this is a really clear character'; TEXT CHARACTER=573 TEXT='Score only if continuity exists between sustentacular facet and astragalar head'; TEXT CHARACTER=574 TEXT='Score only if continuity exists between sustentacular facet and astragalar head'; TEXT CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Recompare Leptomeryx and some of the extant taxa like Antilocapra'; TEXT CHARACTER=576 TEXT='TM8. Check what Hans means EXACTLY by this compared to my paper with Ken - is this our "lateral facet" or "lateral process". Revising for better detail. The ectal facet in cows and camels is larger than the corresponding facet on the calcaneus. The flat-gently concave state is probably the result of losing the other half of the facet that would complete the half moon. The two parts need not be perpendicular in all cases. REALLY KEY TO SEE THIS IN ARTICUATION WITH THE CALCANEUS - E.G., ANTILOCAPRA - IT MAY BE IN THIS CASE THAT IT IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE VENTRAL ASTRAGALUS.'; TEXT CHARACTER=577 TEXT='See camels - this is a wide articular surface on the inferolateral side of the astragalus - really not present in many things. Any kind of sustentacular fold is absent in other taxa - may want to reword so as not to sound inapplicable. Also scored if ectal facet goes all the way inferior but there is not much of a fold'; TEXT CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other] -- this is a little hard to tell'; TEXT CHARACTER=581 TEXT='This facet is in Camels - very clear - it is posteriorly oriented, smooth, and sits proximal to the astragalocalcaneus contact and is not covered in articulation - tiny hint of this in Choeropsis but scored as absent. This seems to be a camel thing. Could get complicated in taxa like anthracotheres where the facet is separated into two parts.'; TEXT CHARACTER=582 TEXT='Sara - how does this differ from ectal facet protrusion?^n^nVisible in dorsal view. Recheck to verify that this is definitely not the ectal facet. Found in Camels .'; TEXT CHARACTER=583 TEXT='THESE NOTES DO NOT GO WITH THIS CHARACTER - This facet is in Camels - very clear - it is posteriorly oriented, smooth, and sits proximal to the astragalocalcaneus contact and is not covered in articulation - tiny hint of this in Choeropsis but scored as absent. This seems to be a camel thing. May need some revision because some, like Gobiohyus, are very in between'; TEXT CHARACTER=584 TEXT='This seems to be a ruminant thing.'; TEXT CHARACTER=585 TEXT='usually a contact at the posterior or superior margin of the ectal facet.'; TEXT CHARACTER=586 TEXT='in camels - see other character like this'; TEXT CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Approximated - GH105; also Hassanin and Douzery 10 ; also GH101; Boisserie et al. 2005:74 - present in the majority of artios in GH''s matrix so they are apparently scoring this fairly liberally. Note that pigs and also hippos are not THAT parallel compared to fossil whales and other artiodactyls.'; TEXT CHARACTER=588 TEXT='TM2. TWRH 93 modified REMOVE THE ANGLE ISSUE AS A SEPARATE CHARACTER'; TEXT CHARACTER=590 TEXT='In mesonychids this seems to depend on the view. Slightly vage - use LATERAL VIEW, not dorsal view'; TEXT CHARACTER=591 TEXT='(Webb and Taylor, 1980).GH106. Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:77 Hassanin and Douzery also mention as a "ruminant character"'; TEXT CHARACTER=592 TEXT='GH107. GH108'; TEXT CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery:14 varied distribution. Also called "internal" cuneiform. The problem with this character is that some ruminants have just one fused cuneiform - what is that? Is the ento lost or fused?'; TEXT CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery use this too #16; GH111. Cannon bone character has been eliminated'; TEXT CHARACTER=595 TEXT='At distal end of metatarsal - see Janis and Scott figs. 7 and 8 and Hassanin and Douzery - 11 present in antilocaprids and cervids (however, see Bos and Camelus) - Janis and Scott define as a groove running down the line of fusion in a cannon bone - see their Figure 7. Could add a decsriptive feature about this. Inapplicable in taxa without cannon bones. check in Moschus - seems to be present - define cannon bone (back always)? Need to nail this down more in terms of inapplicable/absent - i.e. are cannon bones fused 3 and 4 or developed 3''s or both.'; TEXT CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Janis and Scott'; TEXT CHARACTER=597 TEXT='Only in fused digits'; TEXT CHARACTER=598 TEXT='This character is meant to pick up "paraxonic" and "mesaxonic" features, however, those terms and the way they have been used in carnivorans vs. cetartioactylans relate to the poorly defined notion of ''axis of symmetry.'; TEXT CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Check on the application of state 1 - slightly confusing. Hassanin and Douzery 15 use this too and duplicated in a sense in their character 17; GH109.'; TEXT CHARACTER=600 TEXT='TWRH 103 modified'; TEXT CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery 15 and duplicated in a sense in their character 17; GH110'; TEXT CHARACTER=602 TEXT='GH112 modified - Hassanin and Douzery 18; Boisserie et al. 2005 Character:78 can be shown on an anterior metatarsal shot - I think this is more widespread than they do - could use a plate. Very clearly absent in things like Tapirus and Sinonyx'; TEXT CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery - 12 - present in cervids and moschids - Janis and Scott Figure 7 shows something lablelled "PT" on the dorsal surface (proximal) of MTIII. Just followed the Janis and Scott scoring which . This is a little vague overall, especially with comparisons to things like Rodhocetus.'; TEXT CHARACTER=604 TEXT='(derived from MacLeod and Rose, 1993). Does not include tubercle posteriorly'; TEXT CHARACTER=605 TEXT='(derived from MacLeod and Rose, 1993).O''Leary and Geisler, TWRH84; MacLeod and Rose 1993'; TEXT CHARACTER=606 TEXT='kind of repeats before - Very subtle asymmetry in some cases'; TEXT CHARACTER=607 TEXT='Geisler, 2001 - what about pigs - are they closer to the whale hippo end of the continuum?? Talk to John about this.'; TEXT CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001; OG 122. Gatesy (1997) says absent in whales and hippos - cites Ling, 1974 for whales - not sure there are data for pygmy hippos.'; TEXT CHARACTER=609 TEXT='MOL revise - sigmoid flexure in penis^nSlijper, 1936; Thewissen, 1994; from Geisler, 2001; O''Leary and Geisler, 1999, this really needs better comparative documentation overall'; TEXT CHARACTER=610 TEXT='This should be worded as PRIMARY BRONCHI - check if this is my modification or others. from Geisler, 2001; see also Gatesy papers and O''Leary and Geisler and probably also Geisler 1998; og 123'; TEXT CHARACTER=611 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 1 - p. 213 - THESE GUYS DON''T SCORE SUIDS, HIPPOS, CAMELS OR WHALES'; TEXT CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 4 - p. 213- they say absent in CERVIDAE (I have seen this on the web too but not a great source); see Oldham - Gott and Gilloteaux 1997 - absence looks like it is an ungulate character with a few reversals in the artiodactyls'; TEXT CHARACTER=613 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 4 - p. 213; In Miller''s Anatomy of the Dog p. 483 and p. 491 there is description of "intestinal glands" but no mention of anything like this. Not sure if this is right for the horse'; TEXT CHARACTER=614 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213; ^n^nhttp://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/ - Kurt Benirschke - supplied much of this information - has an EXCELLENT website.^nhttp://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/placenta/structure.html^nModified from Hassanin and Douzery - to group "cotyledonous" as one state and then make a second character describing the numbers of cotyledons. Based on website above added two more characters - discoid (primates and rodents) and zonary (dogs and cats); the same website says the diffuse one is present in horses and pigs.^nThere are some other interesting characters on this site. There are good sketches on the web.^n^nSee also great site on comparative placentation.'; TEXT CHARACTER=615 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213; Their scoring is replicated. However, http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/rhebokfs.htm lists numbers of cotyledons in most cases. It seems "low" is around 6 and "many" corresponds to something like "40- 100+"'; TEXT CHARACTER=616 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 7 - p. 213- Hassanin says this comes from Frechkop 1955 (the traite)'; TEXT CHARACTER=617 TEXT='DELETE STATE 2 IF NOT NECESSARY FOR CARNIVORES.^n^nHassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213- Hassanin says this is the TOTAL number of mammae Palaeos website says there is only a single pair of mammae in whales and cites Vaughan - but I can''t find this in his book. Reynolds, Rommel and Bolen in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals p. 28) say that "many marine mammals have a single pair of nipples". ^n^n^nGood class website here http://www.siu.edu/~tw3a/434anat.htm'; TEXT CHARACTER=619 TEXT='NOTE*** no sperm character supports and artiodactyl-cetacean clade to the exclusion of perissodactyls.'; TEXT CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 1'; TEXT CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 1 - GEISLER'S CHARACTERS ARE SUBSUMED - GENERAL NOTE'; TEXT CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 2; this is only in the hyrax, it is uninformative here'; TEXT CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 3. See also Walker's mammals for gross descriptions of stomach differences.'; TEXT CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 5; *note Langer scored this as a character state in several taxa where it should have been inapplicable (because the caecum is absent)'; TEXT CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 6; Langer p. 79 says this is the voluminous fundic region of the stomach, also called a "saccus caecus ventriculi" and present in Equids.'; TEXT CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 7, this is only in the Sirenia'; TEXT CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 8; Langer page 80 says that this describes the internal epithelium of the stomach which is either glandular (secreting cells, his state 0) or composite (secreting cells in some places and stratified squamous epithelium in others). He says further that to homologize these one must use the ''tunica muscularis''; Miller says Canis is glandular page 477 but I don''t know if Langer would accept this as a homology. Temporarily socred as yes'; TEXT CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 9'; TEXT CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character 10; only applies to plurilocular stomachs (Langer scores inapplicables where there should be no score)'; TEXT CHARACTER=637 TEXT='Langer 2000 - 11'; TEXT CHARACTER=638 TEXT='Langer 2000 - 12; there might be other ways to score this than what Langer has chosen, i.e. grouping based on expansion to the left regardless of expansion to right could also be used. For now I have followed his description p. 81'; TEXT CHARACTER=639 TEXT='Langer 2000 -13; p. 81 Langer says this occurs in the fundus or fornix region of the stomach'; TEXT CHARACTER=640 TEXT='Langer 2000 - 14'; TEXT CHARACTER=641 TEXT='Langer 2000 - 15'; TEXT CHARACTER=642 TEXT='Langer 2000 - 16'; TEXT CHARACTER=643 TEXT='Langer 2000 -17'; TEXT CHARACTER=644 TEXT='Langer 2000 - 18; Langer does not score inapplicables correctly, they have been corrected here.'; TEXT CHARACTER=645 TEXT='Langer 2000 -19; Langer does not score inapplicables correctly, they have been corrected here.'; TEXT CHARACTER=646 TEXT='Langer 2000 -20'; TEXT CHARACTER=647 TEXT='used by Langer (2000) data from Hackstein and Alen, 1996. Fecal methanogenesis and vertebrate evolution. Evolution 50:559-572. '; TEXT CHARACTER=648 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:48 - found in all modern odontocetes - ony in Physeter it is called "junk" - he says no terrestrial mammal or mysticete has this. MM character 121 in Morph matrix.'; TEXT CHARACTER=649 TEXT='(MM1464; Muizon, 1984; 1991) Present in a number of odontocetes. Fraser and Purves discuss this - see "Distribution of Air Spaces " and it is really something that is soft tissue- to be examined with X-ray - It is not really clear how this is being assessed and definitely how to assess in fossils seems problematic.'; TEXT CHARACTER=650 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:49 - complex, severa states, see also MM'; TEXT CHARACTER=651 TEXT='check character names against publication - they were not fully spelled out in computer version.'; TEXT CHARACTER=652 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:50 - found in all extant physeterids'; TEXT CHARACTER=653 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:50 - only in physeterids (homology of the vestibular sac)'; TEXT CHARACTER=654 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:50 absent in mysticetes - present in odontocetes except Physeter'; TEXT CHARACTER=655 TEXT='MM also - Heyning, 1989:50 - present in odontocetes except physeterids and lacking in mysticetes, terr. mammals and physeterids'; TEXT CHARACTER=656 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:51 - present in all modern ziphiids - they have an "anteriorly converging" morphology PHyseter and Kogia have these too but of slightly different morphology'; TEXT CHARACTER=657 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:52 - says present in Iniidae, Monodontidae, Delphinidae, and Phocoenidae'; TEXT CHARACTER=660 TEXT='Reference for all scorings is Walker's mammals, p. 1334.'; TEXT CHARACTER=661 TEXT='Gatesy 1997:542. Gatesy et al., 1996:960. Slijper (1962) is the reference for cetaceans.'; TEXT CHARACTER=662 TEXT='Modified from Luo and Wible (2005).^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=663 TEXT='Simmons and Giesler, 1998; Gunnell and Simmons 2005. Bat data from Baron et al. (1996). State 1 ("thin connection") was said by Baron et al. to be "primate-like."^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=664 TEXT='Modified from from Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "G". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980). The derived contition is seen in therian mammals, the primitive condition in monotremes and non-mammalian amniotes. Refers to cells in the olfactory bulb but not the accessory olfactory formation (= accessory olfactory bulb) which are different structures. Cannot be scored in taxa that lack an olfactory bulb (e.g., Tursiops).^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=665 TEXT='From Johnson et al., (1994); their character "Q". See this paper for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Frahm and Bhatnagar (1980); Switzer et al. (1980); Johnson et al. (1982a, 1982b); Johnson and Kirsch (1993). The accessory olfactory formation = accessory olfactory bulb; this is NOT the same as the olfactory bulb proper, which is separate structure; both are present in most mammals. The accessory olfactory formation/bulb provides neurological control for the vomeronasal organ (Stephan et al. 1991).^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=666 TEXT='From Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "C". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Frahm and Bhatnagar (1980); Switzer et al. (1980); Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Intended as an ordered character. This character cannot be scored in taxa that lack a differentiated AOF (see preceding character). Taxa scored with 4 & 5 by Johnson et al. should be scored with "-" because they lack the AOF.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=667 TEXT='Gunnell and Simmons (2005) based on Johnson and Kirsch (1993). See Johnson and Kirsch (1993) Table IV for values representing species in almost all extant orders. In most mammals the colliculli are not visible in dorsal view of the brain since the cerebral hemispheres cover them, hence illustrations are not availble for all states. The significance of this character is that it tracks the relative importance of acoustic vs. auditory stimulus by a crude measure. With inferior = auditory and superior = visual. Inferior colliculus also called caudal colliculus and superior also called rostral.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=669 TEXT='Simmons and Conway (2001).^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=670 TEXT='Luo and Wible (2005). The vermis it the externally visible central lobe of the cerebellum which occurs on the dorsal aspect of the brain; it is charcterized by fine transverse creases.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=671 TEXT='From Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "E". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980); Johnson (1986), and Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Intended as an ordered character.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=672 TEXT='From Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "H". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980); Johnson (1986), Stephan et al., (1991), and Johnson and Kirsch (1993). The derived condition, which is seen in placental mammals, occurs when the dorsal portions of the neocortex of the right and left sides of the brain are connected by fibers which pierce the hippocampal formation. In many species, these fibers, which are jointly called the corpus callosum, form the most substantial bond between the hemispheres.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=673 TEXT='From Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "I". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980); Stephan et al., (1991), and Johnson and Kirsch (1993). The fasciulus aberrans is a distinct bundle of fibers at the dorsal aspect of the anterior commisure. These fibers travel in the internal capsule between the putamen and caudate nuclei, and cross the midline to connect the dorsal neocortex of the two hemispheres. When the fasciculus aberrans is absent, the fibers connecting the neocortex of the two hemispheres takes a diffderent route through the external capsule.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=674 TEXT='From Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "K". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980); Stephan et al. (1991), and Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Refers to distinct barrel formations in coritical layer IV of the neocortex (a layer known as the koniocortex) in the primary somatic sensory cortex. Barrel formations are distinctive barrel-like aggregates of perikarya cells that are related to groupings of sensory projections.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=675 TEXT='From Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "M". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980); Stephan et al. (1991), and Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Intended as an ordered character.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=676 TEXT='Modified from Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "N". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980); Stephan et al. (1991), and Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Refers to mechanosensory body representations in the primary somatic sensory regions of dorsal thalamus and cerebral neocortex.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=677 TEXT='Modified from Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "N". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980); Stephan et al. (1991), and Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Refers to mechanosensory body representations in the primary somatic sensory regions of dorsal thalamus and cerebral neocortex. This character should be scored only in taxa that have these representations present (see preceding character). State 0 is the common mammalian condition; state 1 in some artiodactyls (Sus).^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=678 TEXT='Modified from Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994); their character "O". See the latter two papers for scorings of species representing most orders. Also see Switzer et al. (1980); Stephan et al. (1991), and Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Intended as an ordered character.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=679 TEXT='From Johnson et al. (1994); their character "P". See that paper for scorings for species from most mammalian orders. Also see Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Score this as inapplicable if there is no postcranial representation in the primary somatic sensory cortex.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=680 TEXT='Simmons (1994); also see Johnson et al. (1994, their character "S"). Score as inapplicable if there is no postcranial representation in the SI.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=681 TEXT='From Johnson et al. (1994); their character "R". See that paper for scorings for species from most mammalian orders. Also see Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Rindenkerne are clumps of cell bodies that occur in layer 6 of the isocortex.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=682 TEXT='From Johnson et al. (1994); their character "T". See that paper for scorings for species from most mammalian orders. Also see Johnson and Kirsch (1993). Intended to be an ordered character.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=683 TEXT='Modified from Johnson et al. (1994: their character "U"), who reported data from species representing most mammalian orders. Laminatin refers to presence of distinct cell layers.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=684 TEXT='Modified from Johnson et al. (1994: their character "U"), who reported data from species representing most mammalian orders. Intended to be an ordered character.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=685 TEXT='From Johnson et al. (1994: character "V"), who reported data for species from most mammalian orders. Intended to be an ordered character. The capsule is colored black in the figures.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=686 TEXT='From Johnson et al. (1994: character "X"), who reported data from species in most mammalian orders.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=687 TEXT='From Pettigrew et al., 1989; Johnson and Kirsch, 1993 (their character P4). The magnocellular layer is a layer of large cells.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=688 TEXT='From Pettigrew et al., 1989; Johnson and Kirsch, 1993 (their character P18). From Pettigrew et al. (1989): There are three main accessory optic nuclei in mammals, the medial, dorsal and lateral terminal nuclei. The medial terminal nucleus is usually very prominent but it is reduced in primates (except, curiously, the tarsier), meagachiropterans, Cynocephalus and Bradypus. Metatherians have a large medial terminal nucleus.^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=689 TEXT='from Englemann - 1985 Xenarthran/Pilosa character. According to Wislocki (1938, Anatomical Record, 70:451-463): "A pars tuberalis appears to be completely lacking [in the anterior pituitary of Choloepus], the epithelial pituitary lying wholly within the sella beneath the sellar diaphragm. There is no evidence of the presence of epithelial cells extending upward along the infundibular stalk to constitute a pars tuberalis as described in other mammals." (Wislocki, 1938: p. 453).^n^n^n^n^n'; TEXT CHARACTER=690 TEXT='Based on Johnson and Kirsch, 1993. Refers the angle between the left and right dorsal horns as seen in a cross-sectional view of the spinal cord; see illustrations attached to character as well as states. Johnson and Kirsch (1993) has a table of measurements of this angle in species representing most orders (their table Table V: total interhorn width).^n^n^n^n^n'; [Attribute comments] TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 150324'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus smooth'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 - smooth'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='CamelusSUNY smooth'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='MCZ 29878'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa smooth'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 smooth'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 rough'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Kogia brevicepsleft dorsal petrosal AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='CERVUS ELEPHAS 134134'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) right petrosal.'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103and 209104'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata UCMPZ 186334 rough - note that this area is rougher than the tegmen tympani'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812 - Gingerich confirmed that this is real'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM97507 - Gingerich confirmed that this is real'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. (looks like A. gaudryi in terms of size) AMNH 99273'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=1 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - very shallow -'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Ovis ares - Stony Brook specimen VERY hard to tell - I think no but the area that is potentially the arcuate eminence is really broad - compare to Blastomeryx - there are two divets'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 I think absent - MacPhee scores as shallow or absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) present - tiny and tight'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='MCZ 29878'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, present (very shallow, plus there is a secondary depression) state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518 - perhaps recheck against other pigs VERY shallow'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 - present (very shallow)'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='25. Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20; present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='CERVUS ELEPHAS 134134 smooth'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='32. Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni, absent state 1. There is a large pit at petrosal - mastoid juncture - clarify what this is'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Gazin''s Hyopsodus miticulus USNM 23745 - plate 5 shows a large floccular lobe so I imagine there was a large subarcuate fossa.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM97507 absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786; present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. (looks like A. gaudryi in terms of size) AMNH 99273 - cannot tell not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='26. Perchoerus AMNH 73744, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, present state 0; really very hard to tell. Elomeryx and Blastomeryx have two divets in this area - both very shallow. Extremely shallow here'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='RR210^nThewissen et al. (2007) score this as present but it is my impression that they are actually scoring the suprameatal fossa. The petrosal is damaged internally a bit but I see no SAF.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=2 TEXT=' B.gorringei - not clear on this, need to study from a CT'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=2 TEXT='check, seems to have the same feature as in L&G, but I seem to recall they are not the same.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen - shallow - extremely so - not sure this should be in the same category with Hylochoerus'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 wide and shallow'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) shallow'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='MCZ 29878'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='This is a very hard homology because it is continguous with the suprameatal fossa.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, really not sure what the hell is going on here, need to consult CT, looks very different from other suids.'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa deep and wide'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518, see LG for help on homology - see also Dissacus and Potamochoerus'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 deep and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 - present (very shallow)'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='25. Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20; shallow state 2 very shallow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='CERVUS ELEPHAS 134134, very shallow'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='32. Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), would have to consider this deep and narrow too'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='2. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 state 0, compare to Norris (1999)'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni, inapplicable -'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Gazin''s Hyopsodus miticulus USNM 23745 - plate 5 shows a large floccular lobe so I imagine there was a large subarcuate fossa.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786; deep and wide'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='26. Perchoerus AMNH 73744, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=3 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='CamelusSUNY present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis. Doesn''t look the same as in tylopods but tricky'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 present. Doesn''t look the same as in tylopods but tricky'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa, present, changes are being made to drawings.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672deep'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20, absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='CERVUS ELEPHAS 134134 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), present with pit like some artiodactyls'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni,'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM97507 absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786; absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - I don''t really see anything like this'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH get number (isolated petrosal) absent'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=4 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - difficult to discren, no clear opening anteriorly. There are some small openings within the basicapsular fissure and on the anterior part of the petrosal , there is also a groove near the internal acoustic meatus, which suggests it may have exited on the endocranial side. I could not find literature on this (although likely this is out there) - scored as unknown for now.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus two small foramina are on the dorsal surface'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='CamelusSUNY present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 not clear on this - Fordyce does not label in Australodelphis paper or in Tusiops'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present according to Schulte but needs to be labelled; there is a very tiny hole anterior to VII'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Tursiops Stony Brook Mct1, absent state 1, I think'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554 - unclear where this is'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), can''t tell. Luo and Gingerich mark that this is present - really impossible to make out on the cast and the areas seems that it is not preserved.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, not clear'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812 - according to Luo - present, Uhen doesn''t mention. I see no clear anterior hole.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - REALLY HARD TO TELL'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 present'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: - not clear in any monograph illustrations'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='AMNH 118359 "eutherian petrosal" - hole seems to be on ventral surface - check Cifelli.'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=5 TEXT='need to find isolated nandina petrosal.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='this is actually as large as in Choeropsis'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='This is VERY borderline, but overall it is more like the condition in sudids'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='interestingly - is different from the other suids'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). tehy mention in text that it is there but say nothing about the size suggesting it is likely small'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. (looks like A. gaudryi in terms of size) AMNH 99273'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removedkind of borderline but overall seems large'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given) - points out but does not show'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=6 TEXT='AMNH 118359 "eutherian petrosal", relatively small'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - flat - actually hangs a little medially'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen - actually sticks out some - hard homology'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 looks flat in photo'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus - flat - has a small indentation but not fully concave.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 flat'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) - Stony Brook specimen - looks flat just at an angle'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 - concave'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128 (drawing) and Tayassu anuglata UCMP MVZ 1247; flat'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa flat -has a slightly different shape than some of the others'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 convex - there is a bump'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 convex'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 convex'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 convex'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554 slightly flatter than some whales but essentially convex'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400, bump'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='CERVUS ELEPHAS 134134, flat'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 flat'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), present state 1, broad concavity ok?'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) broad concavity. Petrosal is not removed but condition is visible from basicranium.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 flat'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, convex'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni -- hard homology because the angle is different - but essentially flat - however not perpendicular'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM97507'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786; flat'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Agriochoerus FAM99273 concave fossa appears to be present but specimen is pretty broken'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744, flat'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579 absent;Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26, looks like a small bump but hard to tell if it is flat or a bump'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='RR210'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=7 TEXT='observed in Duke Fayum specimens 5248 and 20954.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen flat and squared'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus relatively flat and it is also on an angle'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 flat'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='CamelusSUNY gently convex with squared medial border'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=8 TEXT=']3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 barrel shaped or rounded'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa flattened with squared dorsolateral border'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 flattened with squared off lateral border (there is a bump'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 does not easily fit into any of these categories, - I guess barrel shaped but potentially reassess'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 barrel shaped'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 barrel shaped'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 flattened'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20 flattened and square medial border'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas - flat - a little irregular and hard to characterize'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, flattened'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens -convex'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - very subtly convex - like Camelus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal), flat and on a slant'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 convex'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni,'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM97507'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 barrel shaped'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed - relatively flat'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579 gently rounded'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=8 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='This is not really half the width of the promonotorium. Probably should reconsider.'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), inflated, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Geisler scores this as present but I don''t think there is enough data to even score this'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM97507'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: not visible in isolation to see this'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='RR210'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=9 TEXT='observed in Duke Fayum specimens 5248 and 20954.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 moderate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='CamelusSUNY moderate inflation'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis, see also the Utako drawing - hyperinflated'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 hyperinflation'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329 moderate - but barely even that'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa moderate'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518 moderate'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 relatively uninflated'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 hyperinflation'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 hyperinflation'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 large lateral projection'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 moderate'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20 maybe moderate??'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='hard to tell because in situ'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='2. Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), inflated, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 hyper'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni,'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM97507'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 moderate; a little hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='RR210'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=10 TEXT='observed in Duke Fayum specimens 5248 and 20954.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - borderline not even present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen pretty subtle but present contra Luo'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='35. Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='CamelusSUNY present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, present'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='12. Odocoileus sp. SB Mar -10, present state 125. Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20,'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='36. Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='32. Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), it is present but I don''t think there are similarities about it to the extent Luo does'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) score this as absent but I am scoring this more broadly'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 present'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Geisler scores this as present but I don''t think there is enough data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='16. Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='2. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, present but very small, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104, present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - will score as present but this is very small'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='26. Perchoerus AMNH 73744, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='13. Elomeryx AMNH 579, present, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=11 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 blunted'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='CamelusSUNY blunted - a little vague'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis - kind of vague and hard to score - pole is positioned in a weird place'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 blunted'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa blunted'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518 - I guess pointed - but a strange shape'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 pointed'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 pointed'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 pointed'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 blunted'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20 pointed'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='hard to tell because in situ'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Cannot tell - broken'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253,'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872,'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, pointed state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni, pointed state 0'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='essentially not well preserved enough'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='B. cetoides, Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 5'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium not really pronounced at all'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH 579, pointed'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=13 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, out of view.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen small'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, small state 0'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='CamelusSUNY small'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 small'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, small state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa small'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 small'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 large'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 large'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 large'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 small'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. SB-MAR 20, small, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, small state 0'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), area broken.'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253,'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, small, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='2. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872,'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, large state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni large state 1'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; large state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, inapplicable state ?'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH 579, small, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=12 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='35. Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, vascular groove is present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Stony Brook Camelus specimen - absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 - scored as present because there is a groove here - not sure of homologies though. Groove is certainly clear.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa peripetrous vascular groove on lateral surface of tegmen tympani: absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 there is a groove - also in Kogia - I think this is it'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='12. Odocoileus sp. SB Mar-20, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='36. Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='32. Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), present state 0 - this derives largely from Luo''s coding but can be seen on specimen'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786 looks absent'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079, tough to tell but looks like it is present on one side but maybe this is a crack - no score here'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='16. Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='2. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; I think this is the same thing as above, really should be scored on an isolated petrosal, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='13. Elomeryx AMNH 579, absent'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=14 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Bos SUNY - tricky - I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='I think absent Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 has all the ossicles in situ articulated and the malleus does not appear to be articulating with the petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus - still pretty unclear on this area - consult Luo and Wible'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Giraffa giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='CamelusSUNY I think absent but this definitely should be discussed with Wible/Luo'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis - think present on the lateral side of the exit for VII'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 present there is a small depression adjacent to the oval window'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, not that can be clearly seen but very ambiguous character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas - there is a separate chamber in that area - but very hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, I think so state 0, but how to know which is the malleus one and which is the fossa incudis???'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='No large, cetacean-like pit for malleus'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 and text'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - absent - not entirely clear where the epitympanic recess is but no clear mallear fossa'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, certainly nothing that is clear and visible'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, absent 0 (area inferior to tegmen tympani just has one shallow excavation that appears too broad for the head of the malleus). Also out of view in the drawing.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni, need better photo'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084; there is sort of an extensive epitympanic recess with low relief'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812, mentioned by Luo and Gingerich and by Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; possibly present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 no distinct fossa for head of the malleus'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed. Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH 579, unclear - could possibly be seen with more prep'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=15 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - possibly anterior to EAM'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus -- very hard comparison to make, low bump'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='CamelusSUNY'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 prsent - this seems to be positioned anterior to EAM - very much as in the giraffe'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present but pretty small'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 -present (may be slightly different from whales but there is a projecting surface in that area'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. SB Mar-20,'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas - is not coincident with the end of the anterior process as in some taxa'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - there is a projection from the tegmen tympani suspended inferiorly but check homologies'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), really not preserved - contra LG'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191 - present (not clear, ?broken on Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal))'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 hard to tell - need a side view'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812 - Luo puts this literally on top of the fossa for the head of the malleus - Uhen does not mention it'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; present state 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, absent state 0, to be changed in drawing'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium there is a bump next to the EAM'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 there is a small bump'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH 579, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26, possibly something there, a little hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=16 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus, looks like part of the anterior process'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, spike'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='CamelusSUNY small bump'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289 - more spike - like'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247 - sort of a spike- bump continuum - but most like pigs'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 - I don''t really see anything'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. SB Mar-20,'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas - hard to score'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. (looks like A. gaudryi in terms of size) AMNH 99273'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=17 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, pointed'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen oval-round'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='looks almost absent Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='35. Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, oval fossa'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Camelus SUNY really poorly developed and unclear'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 oval fossa'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa oval fossa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 oval'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 - definitely a groove still that unclear issue of where this is'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 I have no idea where this is on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 groove'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20 oval fossa'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='36. Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, oval fossa state 036. Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, state 0 deep'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='32. Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), approximated, appears pit is present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) really cannot tell - looks like it is probably there but it is really filled with matrix'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) groove for tensor tympani - oval fossa'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 - do not label this and it is not mentioned in the text - is it absent? It appears absent in the picture. Ting and Li (1987). mention in text - do not describe shape'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Ambulocetus - scoring from TWRH no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - this seems to be rather large'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='16. Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, and AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='2. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, state 0 oval, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104 fossa is absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 504952'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM 97507'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, state 014. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - really small'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 round or oval fossa'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='13. Elomeryx AMNH 579, oval'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given) - not labeled but looks present'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=18 TEXT='AMNH 118359 "eutherian petrosal", I think this is absent'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook, present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='35. Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Camelus SUNY absent - regardless of where it is'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, state 1 present'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='12. Odocoileus sp. SB Mar -10, although ambiguous'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx not well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='32. Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - not as much'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='16. Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, and AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='2. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 504952'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812; see aso LG p. 45'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM 97507'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 present'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='13. Elomeryx AMNH 579 present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=19 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Fig. 26 cannot tell from drawing'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - It looks absent but with the bulla in situ it is very hard to see what is going on in terms of contact between the bullar bladder vs. the bullar tube and the petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Ovis Sb - seems pretty clearly absent -tube is offset from petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Bos SUNY highly fused - so a little hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 - no contact at all between these bones'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, not in the same way that they articulate in a whale.there is the same small articulation between the anterior part of the bulla and the sharp point coming out of the petrosal.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Camelus SUNY, hard to see this but looks like it is present in the side where the bulla was removed'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 present -'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247 - more based on in situ petrosal with cut away bulla. Contact appears to be deep in EAM.'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329 probably - but the specimen came apart so roughly that it is a little hard to see.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa present - the identification and homology of the anterior process of the petrosal in pigs is a little complicated though'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 can''t tell this due to the way the bulla broke'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 two things articlute with the bulla, the sigmoid process - right by the EAM and a thin crest anterior to that'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present yes by way of the sigmoid process'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 hard to score but I think absent.'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 clear articulation with the sigmoid processs - very clear on right side of AMNH 212554 - no photo'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 clearly present that the anterior aspect of the the bulla (not the tube) articulates with the anterior process of the petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas - hard to see but I think present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 not sure would need to check specimen again'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens - hard to see but very likely present, scored from left side where bulla is attached and in situ'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - seems to articulate with bulla itself but not with tube'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 182872 - present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209104, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 504952'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Gazin page 39 says no bulla known for Hyopsodus'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='this is the sigmoid process in the case of this taxon - Luo and GIngerich page 58 provide a really mixed up description of this (see also Fig 27) - with lots of mixing up of anterior process area of bulla (FOR ME = ACCESSORY OSSICLE) and sigmoid process (which I have made separate characters). Nonetheless the sigmoid process is hatched in their Figure 22 suggesting that there is a contact between it and the petrosal (according to the key). However on p.46 and Figure 22. LG say this contact is with the SQUAMOSAL. LEAVE RED UNTIL A REAL SPECIMEN CAN BE EXAMINED. Uhen has not commented.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='I think present but not figured in Kellogg'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, absent very clear on isolated specimens'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium, seems to be essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM 95326, in situ, a little hard to see but looks present'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794, probably but almost impossible to tell given the fusion of the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, present and very clear - EXCELLENT SPECIMEN'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: pretty hard to tell this from the type of illustrations, need a prepped set of bulla and petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=35 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Camelus SUNY - seems pretty clearly absent when the separate bone is articulated'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 probably present but the contact is not that good to check'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134 - Berkeley Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='on left side the bulla is in situ and the contact with the medial petrosal is preserved.'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892 - present'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal) and AMNH FAM 0-84-1623'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 and 209104 essentially absent (in some cases seems to be really close apposition)'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 504952 - bulla is suspended away from the petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='LG figure 27 - Dorudon - apparently not according to the LG FIg. 27 - see also Figure 23 - See also the CTs in Uhen p. 53.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM-95326'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.appears to be present, confirmed more on left side that is in situ'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:24 and 21'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=41 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, preservation is not really adequate to see.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Bos SUNY present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - I think present - very weird petrosal - seems to be lateral to the weird divet on the promontorium. MacPhee scores this taxon as having a transpromontorial ICA but does not explicitly state that the promontorium is grooved.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='35. Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, present state 0, a second sulcus is also present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='CamelusSUNY absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa present tends to run less anteroposterio'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='12. Odocoileus sp. SB Mar -10, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, not really, only the tiniest bit, state 036. Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=20 TEXT=' Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), LG list as present.'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786 - cannot see anything but the surface is so abraded that I think it is not reliable to score this at all'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 seems to be present under the scope'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - I don''t see one - there is a hole'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs. Luo says this is present and it does seem to be there. Check Colleen's illustration and emphasize.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='16. Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult skull with bulla removed, M3 is just erupting -- absent; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult also absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 and USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp. (not visible) but Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805 says it is present. I think it is not clear what this condition is so am scoring as "?"'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='15. Dorudon, UM 97507, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent state 1; Basilosaurus isis UM 97507.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, absent state 1; Webb and Taylor 1980 p. 135 state that this is well-defined - I don''t see this and it is not brought out in their drawing on page 132'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) -pp. 291-292 "a groove for an artery" that runs across the promontorium but this not visible in their illustration.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794 looks present but it is only possible to get a small peek; Perchoerus AMNH 73744 looks absent but not well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='13. Elomeryx AMNH 579, absent but there is a little bit showing right at medial edge of promontorium'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:25, not in illustration - but stapedial artery is - (?? maybe mentioned in text??)'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=20 TEXT='RR210 - not that weel preserved '; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=21 TEXT='need to check this, introduced character after specimen was returned'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=21 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=21 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=21 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 and USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp. (not visible) and Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805 all indicate that there are definitely not two sulci here (maybe one - but hard to tell).'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=21 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) -pp. 291-292, no mention of this.'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=21 TEXT='AMNH 118359 "eutherian petrosal", although there are a lot of grooves on the ventral surface there are no double grooves'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 - I think present - very faint - double check with Ross MacPhee'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='35. Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, present as a ridge'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='CamelusSUNY absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247 - present - see also Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, maybe less so'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 abasent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 '; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='12. Odocoileus sp. SB Mar -10, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='8. Cervus elephas UCMP Z 134219, absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens present - Luo states present too'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='24. Zarhachis flagellator USNM 449656, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 - present'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Ambulocetus - scoring from TWRH no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - appears to be present, see Luo also.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='16. Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, absen, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, also absent; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, state 1 absent;'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='9. UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp. and Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 - these both have a groove anterior to the fenestra cochlea, however, this does not seem to conntect to any grooves medially (i.e. transpromontorial groove) and Cifelli comments that this is absent. Am scoring as "?" until better data.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, absent state 1; Webb and Taylor 1980 p. 135 state that this is well-defined - I don''t see this and it is not brought out in their drawing on page 132'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 292 - they describe the transpromontorial sulcus but not an actual stapedila sulcus - they just say there was probably a stapedial artery'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744 area not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='13. Elomeryx AMNH 579, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:25'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given) but Thewissen 1990 disputes - need to see specimen'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=22 TEXT='Thewissen et al. score as absent based on RR210 but I don''t think it is well enough preserved to score.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=23 TEXT='Antilocapra americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=23 TEXT='cannot see this very well'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=23 TEXT='can''t tell from monograph'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=23 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=27 TEXT='This is clearly present - fix this 3-7-06'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=27 TEXT='Antilocapra americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=27 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=27 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - not ventrally positioned.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=27 TEXT='not clear from prep'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=27 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=27 TEXT='DUPC 20954'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 state 1'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, state 2 - odd shape but very big'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Camelus SUNY distinctive - at an angle about 100%'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis. but in the specimen that Utako drew this looks large.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289 - this is very tough to assess '; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, surprisingly it is subequal, check the drawing but it is true; Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa small'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni small'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 distinctive'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 distinctive'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 large'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 borderline - but really not that big'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 subequal - just turned in a different plane'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. SB Mar-20, mastoid process = 100% petrosal, state 2'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, large'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - would have to be distinctive'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501).'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) really hard to tell on either side'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs. This is borderline between long and short.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, short state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104 small'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='based on published descriptions - Uhen page 51 UM 100142 -'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; state 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium looks small but these states blend a bit'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) fragmentary discussion and not well illustrated but it clearly was not small (see p. 289 and 291)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Pearson, 1927: 65 says it is small'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH specimen, small, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:25'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='looks large in Thewissen 1990'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=24 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Bos SUNY - so fused it is hard to tell - but I think thin and vertical'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult); Camelus SUNY thin plate'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='MCZ 29878'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Tayassu anuglata UCMP MVZ 1247, state 2'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa small and robust'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 small and robust'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 large and robust'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 large and robust'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Tursiops Stony Brook Mct1, large and robust, state 0; Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 thin plate'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20 robust at bottom but overall a wedge'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, vertical plate'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Scoring based on Luo and Gingerich and photos of original.'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Harpagolestes (AMNH correct number 1892) - clear in lateral/posterior view'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 - shape is kind of borderline - square on side and long in ventral view.'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 vertical'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - seems square - comes to a point at the top only'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 thin plate'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104 small and robust'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='based on UM 100142 from Uhen monograph'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; thin state 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 - basing this on an in situ specimen'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17 shows in part but really cannot see, looks square but appears not entirely visible'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='looks like a wedge in Thewissen 1990'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=25 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Ovis Sb - on ventral surface'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Camelus SUNY absent - the groove is on the dorsal side - subtle layering effect'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128 (drawing) and Tayassu anuglata UCMP MVZ 1247, hard to tell, there is a slit but not really a groove, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329 faint but visible on dorsal surface'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa much of the medial petrosal is in contact with the bulla there does seem to be a small groove that is possibly for this'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 tricky homology - I guess the spot where it transitions from a rough area to a smooth area'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present as groove visible on dorsal surface'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 - there is a groove like feature on the dorsal surface - recheck in Fordyce and Mead'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present as a groove'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20, present state 0 - I think - a little hard to place'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens see also Luo'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), present as groove state 0, visible on view 7'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786 not visible'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 - not labeled and not discussed.'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 present'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='I think this looks absent on Dorudon atrox UM 94812 - however - Luo does not illustrate in their character - and in the scoring for LG 51 consider absent.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='not labelled in Luo and Gingerich - chekc text and matrix'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786; state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium certainly not very clear'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:24'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given), not labeled and not that clear'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='AMNH 118359 "eutherian petrosal"'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=31 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=32 TEXT='a small segment wraps dorsally but this feature is primarily ventral.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=32 TEXT='pretty weak but some roughening in the area'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=32 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - seems to be dorsal, bone sis slightly "popped up" out of position'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=32 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=32 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - hard to tell where this is, looks like the condition in Tapirus -- recheck after scan of Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='not visible in ventral view.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 ventral'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Camelus SUNY dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='3116 Gatesy specimen. Choeropsis liberiensis.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128 (drawing) and Tayassu anuglata UCMP MVZ 1247, ventral state 1. There are several contenders for this on the bone - check'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH2238 ventral'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 there are clear foramina only they look very different from other taxa - check with Wible'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 - Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 '; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 ventral (my old medial)'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20, hard to identify - should be checked with CT'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='The aqueduct is not conspicuously on the dorsal surface.'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) ventral state 1'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='one of these (peri or endolymphatic foramina) is visible - hard to tell which'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, ventral, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, visible on dorsal surface'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni dorsal state 0'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812 - probably dorsal - simply because it is not visible as a large opening adjacent to the ventral surfacde'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786; ventral state 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium ventral'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744, ventral state 1'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, ventral state 1'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given) - looks closer to the promontorium than in some taxa but certainly not on internal surface'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=34 TEXT='AMNH 118359 "eutherian petrosal"'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Bos SUNY'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, weird shape - not really present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Camelus SUNY present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present, state 0, and USNM 464982'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 - really muted here'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0, present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 probably absent but is this in good enough condition to be sure?'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='present but vague Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) Luo says present'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501), present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH Lusk 0-78-1572, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, present; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, present, state0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='UCMP Z 186334 Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 - Gazin figure 3'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; needs prep but absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273, present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH 579, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:25'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=28 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. SB Mar-20,'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal); see also AMNH 72191'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982, Journal of Paleontology, 795-805.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 99273 - not fully preserved but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.Archaeotherium AMNH 96433, petrosal removed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:26'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='Protungulatum AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=45 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 there is an interesting possible homology here with the accessory ossicle - the bullae of'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587 - no swelling akin to artiodactyls'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 - present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent - however, this is a hard to see area with a lot of fusion - potentially worth further investigation'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247 - very unconventional but in the same place -'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329 - possibly present as analogue on bulla'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa '; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 '; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 '; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 this is the ball like thing stuck on the petrosal - present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 there is a connection between the bulla and the anterior process'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 - I think present in the form of a swelling on the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis should be able to tell'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='no mention by Uhen p. 67-68; LG p. 46 say contact'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785 - this taxon definitely has the bulge anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium, not incredibly well-preserved in the specimen I have but it seems to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, unclear'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='USNM 15910 '; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:23, kind of swollen and pig-like but not really present'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=39 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absen t'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa '; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 definitely present and on petrosal figure'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='USNM 15910 '; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:23'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=40 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - robust but I think this is more in the long, vertical slit category'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, state 2 too fused to have a good answer; based on AMNH specimen - long, vertical slit'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 exposed and kind of square'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519long vertical slit'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, looks like the mastoid is completely not exposed'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 long vertical slit'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 80198; very hard to tell because of fusion; O'Leary and Geisler (1999) score this as exposed. Smuts and Bezhuidenhout Fig. 1.5 label a "mastoid process" on the external surface of the skull.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 very hard to tell but in Lama glama AMNH 80218 present.'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, can''t really see the sutures here. Can only be scored on a juvenile. Looks like it is not exposed'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='ippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3 - no exposure'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 not exposed'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - for petrosal certainly absent'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 long vertical slit'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number exposed as vertical slit'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas; exposed as a slit'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 if present, it is a long, vertical slit. Zhou et al. describe as long vertical slit'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='probably was a long slit - there is only a hole there now'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 long vertical slit'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141; Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - really hard to tell - I think so but preservation is pretty unclear'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - very hard to tell reliably'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Very clear in Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, exposed, not that long and not that short, I suppose long but reevaluate later'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent, not exposed state 2'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Uhen provides no drawing of what this looks like but emphasizes the differences between it and Zyghoriza (see Kellogg). Uhen calls it thin and plate-like but this sounds like nothing I''ve seen in basilosaurids and he does not illustrate - will score in the whale like condition'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; exposed as long vertical slit state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53785, Webb and Taylor 1980 list as exposed too'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium seems to be a slit'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Pearson, 1927 and Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='Cifelli, 1982 illustrates a Phenacodus petrosal (no species and no number given)'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=49 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Bos SUNY - present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycteropus absent - there is contact of the tympanic ring at the base of the tympanohyal but not with the main part of the petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='AMNH 1587 (VP)'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329 - actually better visible on the in situ petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 '; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987 - I guess present because there is a clear articulation between the posterior processes, however, the part of the posterior process of the bulla that is involved is far from the actual meatal opening.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 - present and very clear - right side of this specimen - connected (no photo)'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554 present by way of posterior process'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 present and very clear'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191 small amount (see where tube is broken)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104 present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Uhen page 68 - no speceimen given, Luo and Gingerich Fig. 22'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich Fig. 22'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53785, the squamosal intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - they contact each other - not in a whale - like fashion'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.- hard to get a close look but appear to be in contact'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17 - seems to be present'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=36 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='AMNH 1587 (VP)'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 only a small portion of the posterior process is involved'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247 - entire mastoid is covered by tube - this is best seen in the in situ petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329 - better seen on in situ petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa hard to quantify because of nonexpansion of ring and the fusion - but I think the entire ring'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='judging by the petrosal - it looks like there was no significant articulation between these bones in pigs but find a pig ear that goes together'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 half'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 less than half of the posterior process articulates with the mastoid'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554 entires'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 entire posterior process articulates with mastoid'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis hard to tell!'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191 - small'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 entire'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='This is tough to score - based on Uhen''s Figures 40 and 43 - the posterior process of the petrosal is completely covered with pp of the bulla - but in isoalted views Fig. 44 - UM97512, the pp of the bulla looks pretty small. However, UM 100142 - and Fig 27 Luo and Gingerich - it is large'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium really not sure how to score this since it is an anterior-posterio articulation'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.cannot easily see but must be small'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=37 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - rough - actually sutured'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Ovis Sb - ROUGH but so small you can barely tell'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Bos SUNY - is fused'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='AMNH14103 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 rough'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Camelus SUNY I think fused so hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289 - kind of pocked but generally pretty smooth'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa smooth'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Sus AMNH 254518'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 smooth'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 smooth'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554 - rough - clearer on bulla'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 rough'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 rough'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal) smooth'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Uhen Figure 40 - UM 100142'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.appears to be rough, sutured but cannot really see'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, fused but smooth'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=38 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Bos SUNY - seems fairly continuous at medial side'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289 present - all continuous wiht medial articulation'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247 present and continuous with medial articulation'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 53672 '; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 '; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 '; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 absent - very clear on right side'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens - broken but had to have been present'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104 absent'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich Fig. 22, absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Figure 22 Luo and Gingerich'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM-95326'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.present'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=42 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - not as large a process as is in some artiodactyls but definitely a decent size'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) large muscular process'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, State 3, large process'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 process is present although it maybe that these are slightly displaced from where the tube itself was'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, and AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, thin anteriorly tapering-flat bulla'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, state 0; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 thin - theres is the spine there but it is not as prominent as in something like the cow'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 thickened and involuted'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" pointed ventral process'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, state 1, involuted'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrussa I think states 1 and 2 could be combined in this context - the bulla is thickened and involuted (and cancellous'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 little evidence of eustachian tube and a cancellous inturn'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315, has a very subtle lip'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 thin and tapering'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 thick and involuted1'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400, characterized by elongate spicules of bone State 0 in this coding but possibly add a new state.'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, state 3; UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 3'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 - small muscular process'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think thickened and involuted'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 it is pretty damaged - any of these would be a rough guess'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - not well-preserved enough to really tell'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 -'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-84-1623 - small ventral projection'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult state 1 - thick no spinesTragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - bulla shows virtually no trace of the eustachian tube exit, just the tiniest furrow, state 2'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 thin and tapering'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Based on UM 97512 Dorudon atrox - Uhen page 55.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785, small flange at front'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 state 1'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) not clear in their drawings, it does not show any kind of flange but not clear if this is broken'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481, I think this is not involuted and certianly does not have a long process; see also Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - there is a process but not terribly long (unless broken...??)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:23'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=50 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - present - looks different from whales'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - anteromedial'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present - this is not very "median" in the cow'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 - furrow for tympanohyal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146,'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 again there is one notch with the mastoid tubercle in it'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, very faint median furrow; Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 essentially nothing -'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - really no clear mastoid tubercle or tympanohyal emargination of the bulla - absent - it is sort of a blind indentation'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - kind of borderline but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; present because it is at the posterior rim (considering Luo''s next character to be a duplication)'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Thewissen et al. 1996 mention nothng about such a furrow - I think not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal) present, slightly off center'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, possible median furrow - rescore when all whales are done.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='UM 100139 Dorudon atrox - Uhen p. 54'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785 - there is a furrow for the mastoid tubercle'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) - really not clear, not mentioned in text and not illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 on left side very clean'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=51 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - between tube and round, bladder part'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 laterally positioned and vertical'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 there is a small notch close to the posterior process edge'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146,'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 again there is one notch with the mastoid tubercle in it'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - no prominent notch that pierces the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa median notch'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 just a notch on posterior rim'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378just a notch'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 - borderline but more pronounced than many'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 notch that only is on posterior pat'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; present because it is at the posterior rim (considering Luo''s next character to be a duplication)'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 median notch on posterior rim'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='I think not preserved Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal) - lateral and vertical'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, possible median furrow - rescore when all whales are done.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 notch on posterior rim'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 100139 - Uhen p. 54'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785 - just at posterior part of bulla'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127, just at posterior aspect, but big and wide'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=52 TEXT='R'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146,'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent - the only furrow is that associated with the mastoid tubercle'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, Furrow #1, absent, this animal has no furrows on its bulla; Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent - only very faint grooves'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247 - probably would be considered pretty different from what whales have but present as a pinched strip'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present a subtle fold'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present; MM say this is absent in Kogia ???'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 present - very faint - just anterior to sigmoid process'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 - absent - Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - there is a groove on the lateral side of the bulla, adjacent to the pgf and anterior to the tubular EAM - not sure of the homologies but possibly present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think present but compare to other whales'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - cannot really see'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - furrow #1, present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 100139 Uhen p. 54'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=53 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200inapplicable. although there is a slight furrow near the pointy part of the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146, I guess deep'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 only one furrow besides passage for internal carotid artery - that which holds the mastoid tubercle and it is deep - I don''t think this is the lateral furrow though'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 possibly inapplicable - check literature on other protocetids'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 tough to say I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 deep'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='tough call - deep? Dorudon atrox UM 100139 - Uhen p. 54'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=54 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 but these guys have a weird bulla indicating that the absent category is pretty heterogeneous'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146,'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent - just a typical tube'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 24289 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present - not sure on characterization'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='8 UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; undifferentiated from the rest of the tympanic ring, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis not fully preserved on isolated bulla - recheck in situ one'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens - cannot really see this area'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring - say just - present - however in monograph it states that this is inferred from a crest - borderline ok'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, present state 0, huh?'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 94812 present Dorudon atrox UM 100139'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), no there is just a simple ring'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:23'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='RR 207^n^nThewissen et al. (2007) state that this is presented but I was not convinced.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=55 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent normal tube'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987 present but just a stump - no pedicles or neck'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present - need to revise how this is characterized'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 short stump'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 present and two pedicles'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - is there - needs comparative characterization though'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 I think innner and outer due to hole'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97512 UHEN P. 55'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:23'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=56 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 I think present - chekc'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - I think present'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97512 Uhen p. 55'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:23'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=57 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 there is a crest medial to the mastoid tubercle furrow but no bulge'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, - state 0, absent; Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987 present and really clear, good example'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 I think absent relative to taxa like Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal) - does not have the shape seen in whales'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, most prominent part of bulla is medial to ths (subtle ths), state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 100139 - I guess absent - a little vague - cheche what Luo thinks - see also Uhen''s description p. 67. LG say present - but based on Dorudon atrox UM 100139 - looks absent.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785, not asymmetrical but a clear bulge medial to the mastoid tubercle'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 and Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=58 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200probably - but it is thick'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Hippopotamus AMNH24289'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 present for length of bulla'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present and runs the full length'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 absent; Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; absent, still need a good way to illustrate this.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 -absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 technically cannot tell - I really doubt it but needs an x-ray or something'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892 - very hard to tell due to preservation -'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring - they just say ''thick-walled'' - monograph - Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 notes involucrum'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - there is not really a separate bulla to examine the based on the shape this is clearly absent'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - I am sure this is absent but cannot really observe without an x ray'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53786 - absent - excavated bulla'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM-95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:24'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=59 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=60 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=60 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=60 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=60 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich - seems to be long UM 932220 and UM 94812 - looks long - recheck on original'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=60 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM-95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=60 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=60 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook ridge next to the mastoid tubercle - present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - the different shape of the bulla makes it tough to tell this for sure - could potentially consider the part that is there a "ridge"'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729, this bulla is shaped differently so this character is a little unclear - absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, present, state 1; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present - will need to define on illustrations'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present, state 1 CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - very distinctive and present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present - but check against isolated bulla illustration'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent - this is not as sharp as in Balaenopterids or in some artios'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 no real ridge'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent - there are some spikes and a general low point to the bulla but it is really not comparable to what is in whales'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; present, state 1; subtle, but for example definitely differs from the round shape in the dog.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 - absent but this is hard to homologize because of the the two bumps on either side of furrow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not preserved well enough'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - present - this is borderline and should be labelled on the bulla and revisited'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, present and subtle;'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 -? absent - homology needs work though.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='I think absent based on Uhen fig. 43 p. 54 Dorudon atrox UM 100139'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785- this has a clear sharp margin - due to the tyampanohyal vagina this doesn''t "look" homologous to the whale condition but it is pretty similar'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - absent - there is really a cleft'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 292 sounds absent'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, generally is pretty rounded'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=61 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Ovis Sb'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 should check with an X-ray but feels cancellous'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587 - I think cancellous but really need to x-ray - check horse'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 hollow with a few struts'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 and Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) cancellous'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH89626 cancellous'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" cancellous'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa cancelous'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 cancellous'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 hollow and thickmedially'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 thick medially and hollow laterally'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 hollow state 1; Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 state 1'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, hollow state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - hollow state 1'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 thick medially'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens looks hollow - could be destroyed'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) hollow (?)'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, state 0 cancellous but check others - Hassanin and Douzery say that Tragulus is the only ruminant without a hollow bulla; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 cancellous state 0 (but the other side, which is very broken looks like it is hollow?? So does Tragulus meminna AMNH 200098 (hollow) however the majority seem to be cancellous'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, state 2'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 100139, Uhen figure 42'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53786, and Whitmore, 1953 page 150'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH 636 bulla is cancellous very clear'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM-95326; Wortman 1894 p. 147 says hollow too.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), this is a little tentative - they call it bowl shpaed but of course if it is really delicately cancellous they might not pict that up'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed. This has some cancellous struts inside but I am not sure if this fragile bone even preserves.'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, I think it is cancellous based on the one bulla that is excavated - but it is hard to tell. Scott, 1941 p. 469 says it is "free" of cancellous tissue (but I am not sure how he knows this), Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256 looks cancellous also.'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:24'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=62 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) normal U shaped tube'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 normal tube'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" expanded into a tube'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH2238 normal tube'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 normal tube'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987 - enlarged and squared not tapered'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 distally enlarged'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 posterior process - distally enlarged'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 - could potentially lose character state 3 - is large and fused'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 enlarged and fused'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 normal tube'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - absent from squamosal - can not read the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-78-1572 (petrosal)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - absent 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 easy to score once character is fixed'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97512 page 55'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 -'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 and Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579,'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=63 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - hard to tell where the internal carotid entres - check the Vet books'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH1587'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis capensis MVZ 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" appears to be absent but score on isolated bulla'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Tayassu UCMP MVZ 1247 visible on undissected specimen - pretty subtle cannot really see on isolated bulla'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238329 seems vaguely present but is very close to the eustachian tube'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 tough to assess - a possibility is labeled'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present and very clear (picture is not great'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 - present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 need to recheck'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens - cannot really tell'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='AMNH FAM 0-84-1623'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, present; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, present. Bulla is really fused to midline in some cases - artery must enter anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='LG Figure 21 but DANGER - is a composite with Saghacetus'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785, present and very clear'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 - seems to be absetn but I do not have a good isolated bulla'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), no info'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Very clear in AMNH 6389 (subadult), many badly prepped ear regions in general but when comparing Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 to AMNH 6389 - it looks present'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249 - not a pronounced one'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21, I think'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=64 TEXT='after consultation with Thewissen, he says he considered this the same as the groove for the tympanohyal.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran - Ovis'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH VP 14103'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Lama peruana'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Gatesy specimen 3116'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='not in Doranm'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='not in Doran'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Sus Doran bicrurate'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 -need photo'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran supposedly has but not showing ujp in Jessica''s matrix'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='not in Doran'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Cervus Doran -'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Monograph'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Doran and Specimen from USNM - get number and photo'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Uhen UM 101222 Figure 47 Dorudon atrox'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=65 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran - crura narrow'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran - Ovis'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH VP 14103'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Lama peruana, narrower'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Gatesy specimen 3116 - has a wide foramen on one side and a small foramen on the other'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran - very hard to tell, looks narrow but I wonder if this is correct based on'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Tayassu Doran - narrower'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran - Sus'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran supposedly has but not showing ujp in Jessica''s matrix'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Cervus Doran - these look really wide'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='monograph'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran Tragulus'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Doran and Specimen from USNM - get number and photo'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Uhen UM 101222 Figure 47 Dorudon atrox'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=66 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran - Ovis'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran - crus longum is to the left and is longer than crus breve'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH VP 14103 - possibly present - needs separation from tissue'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='not in Doran or Smuts'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Lama peruana longer than crus breve - selected as one on right of image'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Gatesy specimen 3116 - it has a strange upward curl'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran Tayassu longer'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - they look equal'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran - Moschus - look roughly equal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Cervus Doran - seems clearly shorter'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Monograph - looks slightly longer'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran Tragulus'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Doran - very strange shape - should confirm'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Uhen UM 101222 Figure 47 Dorudon atrox - cannot tell broken'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium right and left incus preserved'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=67 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II - they look essentially equal to me'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran - Ovis'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Lama peruana - absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Gatesy specimen 3116 - I think absent - definitely a weird character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - I think present - a little trickly'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran Moschus - look pretty much equal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Cervus Doran'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Monograph - looks longer'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran Tragulus'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Doran - very strange shape - should confirm'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Uhen UM 101222 Figure 47 Dorudon atrox - I think - no comment from Uhen on this'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium -'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=68 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran - Ovis'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Lama peruana'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Gatesy specimen 3116'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Need to score at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Moschus Doran - look equal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Cervus Doran'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Antilocapra a. americana UCMP MVZ 96100 narrow strut'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran Tragulus'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Doran - should confirm'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Uhen Figure 47 UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - preserved but a little hard to tell because it is in two pieces'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=69 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook small circular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, circular foramen, state 1, very clear'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, small circular foramen state 1, bordered by exoccipital, tympanohyal and squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='0 but this is variable Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - more of an open notch Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 - one side is notch and one is nearly closed All are relatively round.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729, small circular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 circular foramen Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, state 1; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 small circular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - I suppose essentially a small circular foramen (*note - there is another small hole in the area too)'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, open notch, state 0 - although may want to check some more specimens, in the Stony Brook Tayassu Mar 8 it is open but I am scoring the USNM specimen after it has been returned and it is hard to be certain of the state in that specimen given the angle of the drawing.'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 53703'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 small circular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni small circular foramen between bulla - squamosal and exoccipital'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras slot visible in articulation - need photo of this'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 open notch'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 open notch'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - state 1'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number small circular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes; state 1, but the foramen is not in one bone only, it has the styloid process on one side, the tympanic and the mastoid process also contrbute to the walls of the foramen. Not sure about this character but this info may come in handy. State 1.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not fully preserved or prepped - probably a small circular foramen but not entirely clear'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cannot really see in this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), also Colbert, 1938 discusses'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, ?open notch state 0. on bulla photos'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 - Gazin figure 3 and page 39 - hard to say anything about this without the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='not mentioned in Uhen - O''Leary and Geisler use different words but essentially this is an enlarged slot, agrees with Luo and Gingerich''s scoring'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='11. I do not see this on the Berkeley Basilosaurus'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; state 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 unclear on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794, there are two holes side by side'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 and AMNH 6389 are pretty different - hard to find both the stylomastoid foramen and the median furrow on the same specimen.Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed. Not fully prepped here but does appear to be a small foramen'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH 579, can see very clearly'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21 - actually this is NOT labeled but it really appears that it is small'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='RR208'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=70 TEXT='labeled as "st" - not a great illustration but appears to be a typical artiodactylan styloid foramen.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - cannot really tell - scored by Geisler but I don''t think this can be seen'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - on the left side this is preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp - this is a tough call because the bladder part is expanded in a weird way but technically there is no tube like extension'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 present and short'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, and AMNH 579'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=71 TEXT='RR 207 - for some reason Thewissen et al. (2007) do not score this. It is not present.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present and long - the whole thing is small but it fits the description'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, state 2, present and long'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, long'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 present but short (need to figure from inside as well because bulla is so irregular on the ventral surface'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - it looks small relative to the squamosal part of EAM but by this standard it is 100% the size of the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present and long; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, state 2; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 seems to approximate 50%'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 long but not the size of hippos'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, 100%'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, present and state 2 very long and elevated, it is more visible than in suids'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, state 3, however the attribution here is a little confusing. There is a small segment of bone that looks separate from the squamosal and sits right at the EAM - I think this is the tympanic part of the meatal tube but really this is an embryological question.'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 53703'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 extremely long'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - extremely long - BUT NEED A DISSECTED SPECIMEN TO ILLUSTRATE'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present and long about 100%'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monocera'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 no extension'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 Fraser and Purves say it is contained entirely within the alisphenoid but these sutures are hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400, definitely extended to form the floor of the meatal tube but when examined from inside it looks like it is over 60% of the tube - from the outside it looks like more than 30%. SO I would say state 2 (but I bet that was meant for whales). Borderline short and long'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number long - 60-100?%'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; present state 1, probably around 50% but definitely not 30%.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - about 80 %'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 LG:27 say it is elongate'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - present and short'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (64) does not form a tube but I think you cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), not wll-preserved but is clearly relatively long'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 - roughly 100%, also the tympanic part of the tube is shorter than the squamosal part'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - long'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, state 1, present but short'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97512'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present and short, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 present and short'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794, it is pretty long, much longer than bulla is wide'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)really in the 100% range - not very, very long'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249 and AMNH 579 - state 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=72 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, medium state 2'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, medium clear but recessed'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910 -'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 large'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 clearly visible but also recessed'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" recessed and fused state 0 and 3'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, small state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 53703'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH2238 very small but present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni AMNH 53672 small'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19315 - I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 70378 unclear - there is a large cracked stump - checl on an undetached one to see if it is possibly there'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 has a long and bent one that the bulla wraps around'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Odocoileus sp. Stony Brook specimen MAR 20 large; Odocoileus virginianus no number large'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, medium state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Artiocetus - absent or at least not visible despite prominent median furrow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 none visible but the preservation is poor'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 - these authors show a fully preserved tympanohyal in this taxon, however, due to the lack of bulla this character cannot be scored'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), not visible'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, medium, state 2'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH- Mammalogy 209104small and not visible preservation is so rare - not confident calling it absent.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 100139 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; state 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. small and not visible'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 99273 absent or really short ; not even any sign of this on the bulla itself when it is in place; Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794, esssentially not visible at all'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.- appears visible here, distinct but small'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 579 - small'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=73 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, not that clear'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729, incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 and also 173576 - in the adult this is fused an a little hard to interpret however in the subadult it is clear that the area behind the mastoid tubercle that is fused to the exoccipital is some kind of extension of the petrosal - not a wrapped bulla'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 incomplete but Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 complete (?) check'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 incomplete; even looking on juvenile CA2423 - the exoccipital is already fusing a lot around the styloghyoid area'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 53703 even though tubercle is not quite visible'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras there is no information on the mastoid tubercle in these specimens as far as I can see'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 or 70378 hard to get good infor on this'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent - even if there is a tiny mastoid tubercle possibly - this is not a wrapping of it as in certain artiodactylans'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 212554 incomplete - but of course the tubercle is almost impossible to see'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 complete'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 absent I think - I see no mastoid tubercle evidence'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760- hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 100139'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp, essentially complete - see also AMNH 42257 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794 no tubercle present to surround'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Archaeotherium USNM 15910, subadult with only M1 erupted - had petrosal removed.really hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 579'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=74 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Ovis Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108 there is a shallow bump'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 absent, just a low roughening off to the lateral side but seems away from joint itself'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 present this is tricky check vet books'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras absent there really is no disctinctive development of a process at the anterior aspect of the glenoid fossa'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 36592'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). they say a "low ridge"'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 technically not fully preserved'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - gleonid is preserved on the right side only'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 102091'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 - Gazin figure 3'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506 - I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM 97507.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 289 - sounds absent'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) - absent essentially'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=75 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Ovis Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 low bump'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 laterally positioned'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 ridge'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 573250'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 low bump'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 definitely not a ridge'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 low bump'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number low bump'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, plate'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 102091'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 bump'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 - Gazin figure 3'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, shallow ridge but clear ridge'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=76 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 across middle'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 across middle'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108 middle to medial'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 across middle of joint'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='1Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 at lateral edge of joint'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 across middle of joint'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number across middle of joint'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). - a little hard to tell, looks lateral'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 102091'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 hard to score in whales: middle'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084; absent'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3) - only this specimen has a very slight indication of a preglenoid process and it is lateral but in comparing lots of specimens - it is essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=77 TEXT='RR210'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Ovis Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235, fused up but present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 present - has a weird shape too in that it is made of flattened out bulla and squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa present - kind of a weird one but there'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monocera'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 36592'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - I think it is really absent in this taxon - see if Fordyce and Mead agree'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='AMNH 102091 absent - very subtle and strange shape'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506 Fig. 25 Uhen and Fig. 34 UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UM 97507.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=78 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - at medial extreme; Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) across entire joint - note that there are projections at both the medial and lateral extremes - very irregular shape.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, medial extreme, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200joint is small and round - so spans the entire thing'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 longest at medial extreme of joint'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, very strange joint with two primary facets at an angle to each other'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 medial'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 center'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 at medial extreme Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 medial'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa at medial extreme of joint'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 hard homology but I guess in center'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 across entire joint'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 at medial extreme of joint'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number in center'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, at medial extreme state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 0; Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 seems to be across entire joint but compare to other protocetids because this is a little damaged'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 the whole process has a uniform length (sup-inf) across much of joint but does not cover the most medial part - I guess lateral but revisit this character - might be better viewed distally or laterally'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) longest at medial extreme of joint - not that clear in photo'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) center'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) across entire joint'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 the postgleonid process is complete and well-preserved, at the medial edge of joint there is a small flange'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, sort of vague but across entire joint'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084; specimen is cracked in this area but it looks like the center'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 , very clearly at medial edge of joint'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506 Fig. 25 Uhen p.38'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; entire joint state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, the left and right sides look a little different but I think this is ok'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 at medial extreme; Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) - they say it is medial on p. 289'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17 cannot tell; Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061, somewhat ambiguous but when looking at the actual articular part it is more to the midline'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=79 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - the meatal tube does not even touch the postglenoid process in thisn taxon - absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, totally absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - anterior part of ring makes a small contribution to the postglenoid process'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, contact is actually absent, even though the bones are very close'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, present Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 it contributes to the posterior part of the postglenoid process but really just the posterior part - pgp is strictly squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - hard to score - the pgp is freestanding and the tube behind it.Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 present -sutures hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='probably made of both tympanic and squamosal but sutures are not clear present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 there really is not a postglenoid process'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Kogia pl61 inapplicable - no nonarticular spot on skull of this taxon'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis --- I guess present - they touch'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens -they contact but they are not near each other'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 contact present fragments of bulla are preserved'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - even though the bulla is not preserved at all - it does not appear that there is any way this could contribute to the postglenoid area becuase they are far apart'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present - does not actually touch the postglenoid process but does touch the squamosal.'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. looks presetn but drawings are terrible'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, on left side there is an indication of this - not well preserved but is pig-like'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - no post glenoid process - inapp'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506 Fig. 25 Uhen p.38'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785, yes clear when viewed through the ear'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)VERY CLEAR'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=80 TEXT='There appears to be contact with the squamosal both anterior and posterior to the meatal tube.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='according to Boisserie'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='not sure from picture - check'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='not sure need to check'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - not completely preserved but not bad on right side'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. - really hard to tell but unfused accoriding to Boisserie'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), hard to asses the development of the posttympanic process at all but it is clearly unfused'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 not well enough preserved to tell'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='almost certain this is unfused'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Kellogg 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='fused according to Boisserie'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211), see also AMNH 6389 and AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249 - unfused according to Boisserie'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='unfused according to Boisserie; see also Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='no data, according to Boisserie'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=81 TEXT='see also DPC 5248'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) transverse'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200more antero-posterior but kind of vague'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris transverse'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 mediolateral'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 it has a strange vertical part to it posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 45 degrees from horizontal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - forty five degree angle'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 mediolateral'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni mediolateral'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras - very subtle and somewhat vertically oriented as is typical of odontocetes'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 anteroposterior'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 anteroposterior'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 mediolateral'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number mediolateral'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, transverse state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - transverse'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - in between these Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 basically transverse'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) transverse'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) transverse'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - when measured A-P is actually longest'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, transverse, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 anteroposterior'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506 Fig. 25 Uhen p.38'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; state 0; Kellogg 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249 - note that one side of this is messed up and glued incorrectly, they are not as dramatically mediolateral as in some taxa but this is the major trend'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=82 TEXT='glenoid fossa seems to be almost at a 45 degree angle - but it is not fully preserved so hard to tell.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - they are just adjacent - technically not in contact - but just barealy'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Ovis Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present - the bones are in really close opposition (I believe that below there is an actual contact).'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729absent (even when turning the skull around in various directions) there are some areas where the bones are close but they do not touch'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, slightly hard to see but no contact'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present - they are not completely smashed against each other but really really close'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 present, buried within a deep contact'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present by way of an expanded flange at base of meatal tube. I think this exansion is technically part of the bulla and not the anterior process of the tube - but they are close together and it is a little tricky'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='I think absent based on Monodon monoceras AMNH 19316'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 present - see 35422 AMNH - very fragile but preserved here as large flaring process'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present but differs on both sides - on left this is clear at the anterior portion on the heavily fragmentary right this more extensive and more Harpagloestes like'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='see notes Thewissen et al. state no information on these contacts'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623, small contact'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Tragulus'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='See Dorudon specimens UM 93220 and UM 94812 present in Figure 18A as sqc'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=83 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21, not that clearly visible but present, see also Fig. 17'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, absent; although Bos MAR - 14 has pretty close contact anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 148200 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 - just a hair away - CONSIDER ADDING A NEW STATE AT THE END FOR THIS AND OKAPI- present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 - clear contact in two places'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present but very small and only adjacent to the jugular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 just barely touching'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 absent'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent but Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present - polymorphic'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 effectively present - may simply be closely juxtaposed'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, probably but the bulla is not really preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Tragulus Utako''s drawing get number -absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 absent'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506 Fig. 25 Uhen p.38 - they look separate in this picture - Uhen does not discuss this in text. Fig. 43 looks different from Fig. 25 - absent is in part based on LG Figure 23 but this is a little vague taxonomically'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 present'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249 - looks like a minor contact in places and then space but close approximation. Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582 - shows only close approximation.'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=84 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Inapplicable - Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook fully separate'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present and large, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, close opposition'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 close but not in contact'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, present ; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 small contact in two places; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present an largel - occurs in two places'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 pretty large'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, widely separate - there is an area of contact adjacent to the jugular foramen.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='8. Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, present and small state 1'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 -'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 close and barely in contact'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni bulla is adjacent but not touching'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 and 70378 seems to have a small contact or in some cases just lie adjacent -'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 36592'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='this is polymorphic but when it is present the articulation is smallMoschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number widely separate'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - state 1'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present and large'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) prsent and large;'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847., looks present and large but drawing is terrible'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), too hard to assess, at least on cast'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310, present and large state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, large separation'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506 Fig. 25 Uhen p.38 - they look separate in this picture - Uhen does not discuss this in text. Fig. 43 looks different from Fig. 25 - absent is in part based on LG Figure 23 but this is a little vague taxonomically'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='inapplicable 14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; absent state 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp large'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='9. Agriochoerus species? AMNH 1355, present and large'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=85 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403 absent - close in area of jugular but technically absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, technically present, by way of a very fine spicule (consder adding a character state for this), need a specimen'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='UCMP 1247 Tayassu angulata'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa - absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='AMNH 53672 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19316'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 adjacent but not in contact'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus Stony Brook MAR 20 present - seems a little odd but looks that way from the drawings'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 1; close in parts. UCMP Z 134218 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 1 but very closeUCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, absent state 1 but very close'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - very, very close but they do not quite touch. State 0.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - is absent but this is poorly preserved'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 - touches a little'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 - different on each side and not clear which is distorted'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Ambulocetus - scoring from TWRH (59) present - I don''t think you can tell this - I wonder if they have even correctly identified the petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - technically present in a few places'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; and AMNH 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, absent; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 (these petrosals are slightly displaced); Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740 - there is clear contact'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - slightly damaged in this area but there does seem to be partial contact'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 Figure 18 Luo and Gingerich'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; probably not but needs prep'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present and really clear'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 - this is the specimen that would be appropriate and you really cannot tell because the bulla is so extensive'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Archaeotheirum AMNH 6385'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='would be visible on PU 14864'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='RR210 - present (Thewissen et al. 2007) do not score for some reason.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=86 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='NEED TO RECHECK - Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 -'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, no foramen ovale but absent, state 0 (or possibly inapplicable).'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15895? check number ; Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - no such hole, ovale is absent but the alisphenoid can be identified unambiguously'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='UCMP 1247 Tayassu angulata'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 36592'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - this has an expanded, shared wall between the alar canal posterior opening and the foramen ovale - pretty hard to tell about hole in wall of ovale'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 possibly - needs prep'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; EXTREMELY CLEAR'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - could be prepped - not clear; Kitts p. 16 says ''no evidence of a formaen ovale'''; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='not in LG FIg. 18 - probably absent but not a lot of data here'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp has a pretty exposed ovale and I don''t see it - the foramen is not fully exposed though, absent in AMNH 42257'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 I think absent but hard to be sure'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) - they talk about a glasserian fissure but I am not sure this is the same thing'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 96433,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=87 TEXT='can''t get a good look at the foramen ovale - Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061 (not really prepped and visible on this either)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='7. Bos SUNY Mar 15, present tucked into lateral aspect of alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent - no hole next to foramen ovale'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent - Recheck'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, totatlly absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 something that is not bilaterally symmetrical and not fully formed - absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 present - a little displaced but present also in 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 present and pretty clear'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 - there is a tiny hole/fold in wall at base of pterygoids but does not seem to be a fully formed hole/canal also CA2423 (which has a VERY juvenile skull) does not have this hole'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 even though no formal foramen ovale, no hole next to it either'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 does appear to be present on both sides - just next to (medial)'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094, present (only on one side)'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458 could be prepped better but cannot really tell'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - mesonychians have two holes adjacent to each other - they are bigger than this hole typically is in artiodactylans'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 present - or at least there is a small hole anterior to the foramen ovale'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; HAS A SMALL HOLE IN WALL ON RIGHT AND A HOLE ANTERIOR TO IT. Same on AMNH 72191 - so scored as polymorphic'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 present; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0 Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 - seems like there are a lot of holes in that area though'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 absent - the alisphenoid is covered by the pterygoid making ovale hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Based on LG Figure 18 composite drawing of UM 93220 and UM 94812 - there is no real foramen ovale'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp present also coroborated by AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp - also in AMNH 42257 on one side only'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 present on left side only; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 present on both sides'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)The only specimen that has any indication of a hole, and it is not adjacent but well anterior is AMNH 1481. Ovale is weird in this taxon because of the extensive pterygoids which set off the ovale.'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=88 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present, in Nickel et al., page 118 - this foramen is listed as present in the horse. In the Stony Brook specimen it is present only on one side'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present, enclosed by squamosal state 0 - present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, present, has strange double opening one medial and one lateral, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 there is a very small foramen contained entirely within the squamosal state 0; Geisler and Uhen 7 - score as small'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent (Jonathan says it it present, deal with this)'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - I think absetn - but there is a slot shaped thing, if this is the foramen it is slender and slot shaped - Geisler may score this as present - check'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='THESE NOTES MUST BE WRONG 5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, present, state 0 - not sure what bones are enclosing it because cannot distinguish sutures between the tympanic and the squamosal in the adult and evn in some juveniles. - present. ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 really large'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Ambulocetus - scoring from TWRH no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 present'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - hard to tell due to bad prep, looks like it might be there with more prep work'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), appears to be absent, cast is not great in this area, Colbert 1938 does not metion'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, right side preservation'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 present; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 2'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 absent and AMNH181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - is unprepped and tucked back under the postglenoid process'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='many of the specimens are not prepped in this area but they all have a a collection of matrix there - suggests a foramen was present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326, very small. Leidy doest not mention this (present or absent).'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Coombs and Coombs describe as present in American species of Diacodexis'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394 - however see weird description of this by Pearson 1927, p. 65'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582, does seem to have one - the orientation is odd (posterior rather than inferior), Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256 also present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='Scoring differs from Thewissen et al. (2007) both based on RR207 - I was not able to corroborate the presence of this foramen easily, it is certainly not a large one (as they score in their paper - their character #7).'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=89 TEXT='labelled as "fg" in this picture. Looks very medial.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook one is within the squamosal (counting this as the extra one) and one is between the petrosal/tympanic and the squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present, enclosed by squamosal state 0'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, present, has strange double opening one medial and one lateral, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 there is a very small foramen contained entirely within the squamosal state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 entirely within squamosal - have to look around from the side to see this but it is true'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) check in Smuts and Bezuidenhout because this looks like it is between the bulla and the squamosal (the lateral opening) and the medial one looks like it is enitrely within the squamosal. Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 visible here'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 entirely within squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent (Jonathan says it it present, deal with this) - there are some tiny slits in between the meatal tube and the squamosal but I don''t know why these would qualify as a postglenoid foramen'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 - between squamosal and tympanic -but should check'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni inapp'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 entirely within squamosla - this if visible in view with bulla removed'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus Stony Brook MAR 20 looks enclosed by squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, present and enclosed by squamosal, must see in 2 with bulla off, very good example.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - present - it is situated right between the tympanic bulla and the glenoid fossa. With the bulla removed Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019, it is visible as a much larger excavation in the squamosal that abuts against the petrosal medially with a large flange hanging from the tegman tympani hanging over it.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 - entirely within squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 enclosed by squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - even with no bulla the foramen looks complete'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present enclosed by squamosal state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 - clearly between squamosal and tympanic VERY SMALL, and in AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582, based on this specimen really looks between these bones'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=90 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, tympanic is in place but this is between tympanic and squamosal.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='UCMP 134219. Cervus'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821, and Smuts and Bezuidenhout - large - but only very slightly larger'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Lama glama big'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus Stony Brook MAR 20'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 really large'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 pretty small'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 and AMNH 1355 A. gaudryi'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 289, they call it large but I think it is actually small by my standards'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='contra Thewissen et al. (2007) who score this as large.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=91 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook there are two openings - looks different than the artios though'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present and very tiny in glenoid fossa'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, present state 1; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - hard to tell - hippos have a strange postglenoid area, more like a large slot than a hole but then there is another hole next to the stylomastoid foramen. This other hole could the secondary medial opening (it pierces the meatal tube'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, present state 1; UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes, present; UCMP Z 134218 Cervus elephas nannodes, very small in this individual'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 probably not present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 pretty tough to say - there is a large hole medial to the glenoid on the original but LG:27 do not illustrate this. Not visible on the right side where the bulla meets the squamosal laterally.'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 - they label a second vascular foramen but without seeing this specimen I am not sure whether this is homologous to the artiodactyl condition.'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 - present - see also Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 - present see also Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent state 0; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 and AMNH 181411 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 absent; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=92 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, absent state 0 - there is a tiny ridge within the mastoid but I doubt this is it.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, present and more pronounced on the right side. State 1. It is on the squamosal in this case, arguing against Jonathan''s wording'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, there is a small short furrow adjacent to the foramen itself but I am going to score this as absent, state 0; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present state 1, sulcus is on tympanic tube that extends to external auditory meatus; note that the sulcus rides up onto the bulla in this specimen (medially).'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - appears to be absent - CONTRADICTORY INFO Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - there does seem to be a sulcus outside of the stylomastoid foramen, Geisler scores this as present also and made of the tympanic, I agree, it seems to follow the meatal tube up as far as the EAM. Slightly out of view in basicranial shot'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, present state 1, here it is on the exoccipital.Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 absent ???'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes, present, state 1, on mastoid process (it is very clear on this specimen [not so sure how convincing that is in the photos]); UCMP Z 134218 Cervus elephas nannodes; also very clear, present state 1; but hard to see in photo, would be good for a drawing unfortunately; UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 may have a very truncated one on the mastoid only but really hard to homologize this. Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - seems to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) not sure - check - this is a poorly preserved area - maybe on the isolated mastoid'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 there is a groove along the mastoid but not totally clear where the foramen was without the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - there is a small furrow in this area but a little hard to score with certainty'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - there is a pretty clear sulcus adjacent to the meatal tube on the left side.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - looks absent to me, Geisler says it is not; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Need to check'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18 - nothing illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, absent; state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 absent - even though the foramen is not clear there does not appear to be a sulcus'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, absent'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Pearson mentions this in Entelodonts and does seem to be present in AMNH 6385'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, not that is really clearly associated with the foramen'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061 - absent - the smf does not seem to be labeled in the monograph but is visible with matrix in it'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=93 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, there is a groove in this area but it is hard to interpret.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook inapp-'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, BE CAREFUL here in adult appears to be mastoid based on AMNHH204098 and with comparison in sheep'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 - if present this appears to be entirely on the mastoid.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 anterior wall formed by meatal tube'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - it runs entirely along meatal tube, Geisler scores it this way too'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni inapp'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 too unclear to see - no visible suture between the squamosal and the exoccipital - cannot reliably score this'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 - if there would be bull entirely'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - there is a groove on the mastoid but should rule out this being a muscle scar.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 cannot really tell if this is on the mastoid or exoccipital'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - not easy to tell this even though sulcus is clear'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 inapp; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. on tympanic'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Archaeotheirum AMNH 6385 - must be meatal tube - definitely not other structures'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=94 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present state'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present using AMNH 204098 as information also - hard to see in adult'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - essentially absent, it is slightly tricky in that there is a flange of bone posterior to the mastoid process that is visible but this seems "different'' than the way the mastoid can be exposed in artiodactyls'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent - blocked by the expanded squamosal which is in contact with the exoccipital also Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 and comparing to AMNH 20821 - probably present - this is a little hard to be sure of because suture is gone'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 - A little hard to tell but I think it is visible only in distal view'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, no state 0, but this assumes ''knowing'' the sutures in the adult.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent, the giant process here is part of thebulla'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 really hard to see - I think not visible but will have to check on specimen'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - very tricky - LG:27 say that it is visible but the sutures are really unclear and covered with shellac - is there any possibility that this could be either squamosal or exoccipital (e.g. like in pigs)?? It is probably similar to Mesonyx.'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 - technically cannot score this but probably present'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='10. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310, absent state 0 -.Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - yes state 1CONFLICT??'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0. full fusion to posterior process of bulla'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 PRESENT'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18 - has no bulla and UM 97506 is hard to see fully (Uhen Fig 25) but looks essentially covered'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Kellogg 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; appears present 1, check on another specimen, really hard to see.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. absent I think - the bulla looks very expansive and different - possibly should check if a juvenile can be found'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 - present it seems on left side of this specimen seems relatively clear. Overall not a very clear character.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) - most likely would have been present'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582 - Kron and Manning also state (p. 381) that this group is amastoid'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=95 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061, really hard to tell - either not visible or fused and no particularly good picture in the monograph'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen state 1'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 - kind of in between - thickening'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 - medial edge is expanded - not quite the bladder like form of some artios and cetaceans but not a simple ring either'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763; this is odd because a lot of ungulates have bullae but this taxon really does not have much more of a bulla than does Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, present state 1; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='8. Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, state 1 bulla present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, bulla present, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present bulla'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 state 1; Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 state 1, not a ring though, a "U"'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 1'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 presnt'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 bulla'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - present'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Ambulocetus - scoring from TWRH bulla shaped'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - state 1; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, state 1, present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Kellogg 1936 text, not figured'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='9. Agriochoerus species? AMNH 1355, bulla present, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=96 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, actually loose in life but so close that I will say present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 - present deep within area adjacent to stylomastoid foramen - parts do not touch though but are extremely tightly scrolled together; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 clearly contact with paraoccipital process'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 very clearly present and extensive'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present, state 1, it also seems to be another one of those situations where the contact is extremely close but not touching by a millimeter or so .but by a thin splint of bone - note that this differs from carnivorans.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - clearly present and very fused'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, present, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='RECHECK - COULD JUST BE VERY CLOSE Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 strictly absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni -VERY CLOSE BUT NOT TOUCHING'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes; state 1, contact present; UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - sutures are unclear but this is almost certainly present'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; VERY CLEAR'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0 - absent in the sense of any substantial articulation seems to be free floating'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='need to check - probably absent Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='LG FIgure 27'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present state 1, yes near the bladder part of the tympanic'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 present'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061, present'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=97 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent - See also Radinsky - 1965 - he confirms that it is "confluent with the foramen lacerum medium"'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763; Edinger and Kitts, 1954, Evolution. (paper on foramen ovale) p. 395 state that ''no extant rhino" has one of these'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 - it is open posteriorly. Edinger and Kitts, 1954, Evolution. (paper on foramen ovale) - page 392 - also say this'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent - see Nickels because foramen ovale in pigs is incorporated intot the anterior lacerate foramen'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='probably in alisphenoid entirely or at least that is what it looks like in Fraser and Purves - NO - despite this in both USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras and USNM 267960 also Monodon monoceras - it is clearly situated among alisphenoid - basioccipital and another bone making part of posterior wall that I am not sure about'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 Fordcye says present , Schulte says present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 - HARD TO SEE ON MY PHOTO but making comparison with Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18 it must have come out of the skull in a large opening - not a separate small hole'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 not fully preserved but has the sunken configuration of mesonychids'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Ambulocetus - scoring from TWRH - no information'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 present'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. - cannot see but based on Colbert 1935:12, probably coalesced'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 - hard to determine which of the several matrix-filled holes this is but it is one of them'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 the foramen ovale is not preserved on either side'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult - all present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, present state 0 - however, broken in thi specimen'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411 - is a notch, not fully enclosed'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 ; Edinger and Kitts, 1954, Evolution. (paper on foramen ovale) state that this is variable - see introduction of their paper.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='I had these notes "Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; present state 0" but I think this is wrong based on what is in Kellogg - seems to be only a notch in the alisphenoid.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='9. Agriochoerus species? AMNH 1355, present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Edinger and Kitts, 1954, Evolution. (paper on foramen ovale) - p. 393 - state that this is present in this taxon. But that is false based on Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, however it is present in AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:22'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Edinger and Kitts, 1954, Evolution. (paper on foramen ovale) - p.396 state that it has a foramen ovale - PU14864 (probably at Yale), see also Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=98 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) score as ?'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='hard to tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, state 0 alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15 lateral wall is squamosal, state 1, particularly pronounced on right side'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, cannot see sutures'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 alisphenoid; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, suture not visible, ?; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, difficult to tell - check on Gatesy specimen'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 need to check'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 sutures are pretty much closed but seems to be alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 36592'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, alisphenoid state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 - need to check original for sutures'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 really hard to see sutures what LG:27 show is only one possible guess -'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens sutures are not good for scoring reliably'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='not clear what bone this is in in Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892 - cannot tell - no sutures are visible'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079, probably alisphenoid but not that clear'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, alisphenoid, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103 - alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084; - it is probably entirely within the alisphenoid but the sutures are actually not visible'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='cannot tell this in Luo and Gingerich'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; lateral wall formed by squamosal state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, alisphenoid, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. looks entirely within alisphenoid based on comparison with AMNH42257'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH-FAM 95326 - seems to be entirely within the alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 292'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, I think alisphenoid but pretty hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211)NONE OF THE SUTURES ARE VERY CLEAR ON THESE SPECIMENS'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936,'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=99 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - not fully enclosed'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, alisphenoid state 0'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, alisphenoid forms medial and posterior walls,'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 cannot see sutures'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 alisphenoid; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, suture not visible, will have to check on a subadult; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 - open'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras it looks like the parietal Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315, looks like occipital'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 according to Fraser and Purves - alisphenoid - looks like it from Kogia breviceps - AMNH 35912 - however the basioccipital suture is hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens sutures are not good for scoring reliably'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult - alisphenoid; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult (also juvenile, possibly still growing), alisphenoid, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, formed by alisphenoid + some contribution from basioccipital'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 LG Fig. 18 no posterior wall'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; posterior wall formed by squamosal state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. looks entirely within alisphenoid based on comparison with AMNH42257'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH-FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936,'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=100 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Stony Brook Specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='MNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Kogia breviceps - AMNH 35912 ab'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Tragulus Utako''s drawing get number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx not preserved - possibly in Yale specimen'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Tragulus Utako''s drawing get number'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506 - probably not but definitely a little hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53663'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. see also AMNH39086'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), probably absent, not well-described or illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=101 TEXT='not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729, present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - theyare essentially absent - instead there is one central bump'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 basically absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" present Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 they look absent but I am concerned that they are just not visible due to the crushing and the ontogeny of this specimen - but definitely not large as in whales - present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cannot tell - not well preserved enough'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 - do not even indicate - so must be absent'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - in picture these are not preserved although p.13 Thewissen discusses these in relation to the pterygoids - Geisler scores these as absent which makes no sense to me'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs, present as incredibly faint bumps'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - so faint as to be essentially absent --'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=103 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, very small'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook small'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) 27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, large, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15, large state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729, small'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 small; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='34. Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, small state 0; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 here they are so small as to be essentially gone in fact they are even defined more as a pit'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, small, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='8. Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, small Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, small, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 very large'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 very large'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 has a small midline ridge with two asymmetrical medio-lateral bumps.'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; small state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - small state 1'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 as large as in many whales'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) small'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, small, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 lateral edge'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; large state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; small state 0. VERY SMALL'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='9. Agriochoerus species? AMNH 1355, small'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=104 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook more medial'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, large state 1, this is a tough call - lateral'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729position is medial'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 relatively lateral'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1, medial'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - more medial than the lateral edge Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - more medial than lateral extreme but a little hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, more medial, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 at lateral edge of basioccipital'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 at the lateral edge of basioccipital'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 medial'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; medial state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - hard to score, in between the lateral edge state and the more medial than that state'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 at lateral edge'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) subtle but at the lateral edge of the basioccipital'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, medial state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Inia AMNH93415'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; at lateral edge state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='14. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; medial state 1; Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. kind of a tough call - they do not touch bulla - so slightly medial'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 V-shaped'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, slightly more medial - clear when bulla is removed as in AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=105 TEXT='hard to tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook bump'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) bump'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15 bump'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - tough call - maybe more plate-like because of the broad articulation with the petrosal but rough and bumpy too'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729bump'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 bump ;Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 bump'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" bump Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 plate'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 bump'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 plate'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) bump'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 bump'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, plate state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 plate-like'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=106 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook absent - small crests posterior to the bumps do meet'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 148200 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729absent - they don''t touch'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 no contact; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" present - seems like it could be variable - CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present but just barely'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - essentially absent - however, will look a little rough in the photos'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - not enough info'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) contact -'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - not fully preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 they almost seem to touch posteriorly but comparison with T. napu 102872 - shows that they do not in the adult - absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 abseny'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740;Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084; essentially separate bumps'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. kind of a close call but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 contact is posterior'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, pretty close'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582 - very close but absent'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=107 TEXT='hard to tell from image'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, large state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729, absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='8. Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019; Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 absent - they are far anterior - watch for the flexion stops these are not the falcate processes but look like them'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - can see condyles in FIg. 4 and they are independent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017, even though the falcate process area is in bad shape the condyles are clearly separate.'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent ; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='9. Agriochoerus species? AMNH 1355, absent state1'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=108 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 - articulates with the petrosal so does not apperat to have room for a sinus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 - this taxon has the thickest falcate processes and there is not the same excavation.'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 abseny'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 tough to say - some scooping but not really clear'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - a bsnet'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 and 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - there is a small depression distal to the processes but it is not anywhere close to the condition in whales. Clearer on right side'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, no excavation'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 97506'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; needs prep but 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. FAM 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Agriochoerus species? AMNH 1355, absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=109 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present and shallow'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present and deep state 2'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, present and elongate state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent - this looks very different in Tapirus compared to other taxa - there is a wall on the medial side of the glenoid fossa.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present and deep'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 - sort of odd with the postglenoid foramen - it looks like there is one almost but scored as absent and that is counted only for the foramen'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present - in a slightly different place (more posterior) than in dogs but I think homologous - same blind sac at medial aspect of glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 there is a groove/pit in the squamosal that is medial to the glenoid process and lateral to the suture with the alisphenoid. In Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 the pit is made up partially by the alisphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='really hard to tell anything from this'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) medial glenoid pit absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - right side'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; gentle groove but not a real pit'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, present and shallow state 1 (this is tricky, this structure is really part of the glenoid fossa - i.e. the dentary articulates with it - is this the same kind of thing that carnivores have? That looks unused. Is the ''pit'' part of the fossa?; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 same'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, present and deep state 2'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='I think absent based on Fig 18 LG Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present and shallow, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=110 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present and shallow'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present and deep state 2'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, present and elongate state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present and deep ; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128,'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni deep'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 very shallow'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - hard to characterize - sprawling but relatively deep'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number shallow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094, really hard call - I think small but deep'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, present and deep state 2'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Fig 18 LG Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM94812'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present and shallow, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=111 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook no'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, no'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, no, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200no'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729, no'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 no'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, no, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, no state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 no'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni no'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 yes'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 only slightly though probably polymorphic/incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - hard ton see suture but seems fairly distal'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - no'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number no'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, no 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 no'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 not sure whether or not this can be determined'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 no'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) pretty hard to tell - almost looks like vomer is very extensive - but this could be a crack'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) no'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 - the vomer might not have been preserved - the suture is there and clear'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 - not preserved fully but no sign of suture'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - there is a strange projection of bone in the vomer region -- I am not sure that this is even real'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='2. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 and Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult the vomer is no where near this suture it is closer to the alisphenoid basisphenoid suture., state 0 no.; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 and Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult the vomer is no where near this suture it is closer to the alisphenoid basisphenoid suture., state 0 no.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, present state 0; Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, even though sutures are not visible, state 1, yes'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 cannot see the suture clearly but a very extensive vomer'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - that is really clear on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Uhen p. 46 - says no - ends just anterior'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; needs prep and this could be visible I think'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=112 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='7. Bos SUNY Mar 15, absent state 0; unless the tiny hole near the alar canal is one - keep in mind'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 148200 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - I think absent - only the alar canal is there'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 would need to do desctructive sectioning of the palatine to see clearly.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 - obscured - but there seem to be only holes for the optic foramen and the sphenorbital fissure.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - absent; Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 absent.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent- OG list as present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='OG list as present; The orbit of AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens has three foramin at the ventral margin the way that dogs do - present - the most inferior of these'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - I think too broken to see but if this is present in other mesonychids - worth reexamining.'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='O''Leary and Geisler have this as a question mark'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='OG list as present; Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Ambulocetus - scoring from TWRH - absent - bu in Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 I think this is completely bogus'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 maybe present - but not clear'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - Colbert mentions this as in a "common vestibule" with foramen lacerum anterius" but not clear what he means on the cast.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Whitmore says absent in M. culbertsoni, but easily confused with the "anterior subsphenoidal foramen". Thorpe 1931 apparently said there was a foramen rotundum in this taxon.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='2. Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 - seems to be absent - also the optic foramen seems to be absent too'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - possibly, there are three obscured holes deep in orbit. Geisler says "absent"'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Gazin page 43 says this is absent'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - Kitts says present.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='scored as absent by OG but pretty hard to see in any illustration'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, Whitmore (1953) also does not say there is one there. However see Scott, 1891, p. 149 - he says it is present (I think this is wrong)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Geisler has this as absent for Poebrotherium - AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.other than the small hole next to ovale - absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Wortman 1895, p. 147 says he thinks there was one but the description puts it in kind of an odd place - will not follow until I see a specimen.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=113 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius - probably absent'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, there are two foramina in the region of the hypoglossal foramen, the one farther from the condyle is smaller - I suspect the larger one is the hypoglossal foramen so I would say, present state 0; Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - this one has only one - CHECK AGAIN'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, present, 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200one tiny hole on one side but no where near the size of the hypoglossal - absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - one side has two, same in 173576, but in 81892 there is only one on each side.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Camelus sp. Stony Brook specimen no number, present, there appear to be 2; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 there is one very small foramen next to hypoglossal and tucked under condyle'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 - only one foramen'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absnet Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, can''t really see one - there is some hint of extra foramina inside the foramen magnum but it is really variable and also seems to be merely a connection to the hypoglossal canal.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent (there are some tiny holes that are irregular on the right side but I don''t think these are condylar)'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 present sometimes multiple'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present irregular'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, definitely present just not sure which one it is'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 present - not in photo - is really tucked under the condyle and is anterior to the hypoglossal foramen'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 not sure need to consult specimen'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present and clear (there are three foramina including hypoglassal)'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 several'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent - only the hypoglossal is there'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5, text p. 23'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (66) separate in Fig. 4 Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 it is totally impossible to see this - do not score'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 no foramina are visible in that area'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - there seem to be no clear foramina at all around the condyles, on the left there may be one but it is ery vague - not confident coding this.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 1 (both are actually)'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084; - I disagree with Gazin on this - I think the thing he has labelled as the condylar foramen is probably the hypoglossal foramen and I don''t see a separate condylar foramen'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 - absent in drawing and not menioned in Uhen pp 60-61'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; appears to be absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 appears t be absent - however - this could be double checked on another'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=114 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, there is just one enormous foramen near the condyle, probably for the hypoglossal and veins.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - more subtle than in artios - tough call - present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729not too pronounced in this specimen but more pronounced on AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 present; Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 present - kind of weak but there'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - state 0'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, state 0 present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - Fig.4'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Brachhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, present , state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 1 Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123; present, very subtle state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - present and subtle'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=115 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, a little bit borderline'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, hippo is a little bit borderline here'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='238330 - here the medial pterygoid is really long'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='iphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892), pterygoids seem to extend far back as in entelodonts'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, also some medially directed flanges'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103,'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='AMNH 105045 A. mortoni, cast of USNM specimen - well-preserved pterygoid region that looks extensive'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582 see also Scott, 1941 p. 468.'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=117 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061, definitely very long and extends into bullar region but not the condition seen in anthracotheres'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook longer than medial pterygoid plate - I think'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, there appears to be essentially no lateral pterygoid plate but it is better developed than the medial pterygoind plate'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200appears absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 and AMNH 173576, the plate is very small'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 someseparation of plates - check with Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 present and longer'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, shorter, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - absent/small'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 53703 - lateral plate is much larger and broader although they both reach about the same distance distally'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 equal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni equal'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 only one plate'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='no specimen of Moschus has the pterygoid - maybe this is real. lateral pterygoid plate is present but this is an inapplicable comparison because there seems to be no medial pterygoid plate'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 2 lateral is longer than medial'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 no info'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - there is a substantial pterygoid plate, probably only alisphenoid remains - no clear indication of pterygoid - so this cannot be scored.'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Ambulocetus - scoring from TWRH (44) absent - Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 all you can see is a crude blob which may even be all pterygoid'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; not fully preserved but very close'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 slightly shorter but not too much -score as equal'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740 - they look equal but they are broken'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53663 almost has this area preserved - but not entirely'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. longer'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 essentially equal; AMNH-FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=118 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig: 21. Looks longer - a little hard to tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Stony Brook Specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, no differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, barely any differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 - minor differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 positioned ventrally, does not extend to skull base'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 minor'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 53703'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='cannot really tell'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - probably small'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740 - this is very borderline - it could be large'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 - taking a strict view'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. clear differentiation but does not extend to skull base'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 and AMNH FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483Archaeotherium platyops AMNH 6389 - holotype AND a subadult with erupting M1 (cabinet 5.9/5.26)Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481none of these have it but all are also partly reconstructed, 6389 is the best preserved and it is absent'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=120 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 the pterygoid bone seems to be missing or absent in all Moschus specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15 no differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='[repeats the character above 75. (1) LG#59'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729 no substantive differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 - no significant differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 small diffeentiation'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 prominent and clear'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni prominent differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 no differentiation of lamina'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number small differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 tough to say - compare to Luo - I think there are some - I think separate'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 appears to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) a little tough to say with certainty but no differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - FIgure 4 - can only see one laminum'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 differentiated and small'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='sort of mentioned in Scott, J. Morph 1891, p. 348'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 little differentiation'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483Archaeotherium platyops AMNH 6389 - holotype AND a subadult with erupting M1 (cabinet 5.9/5.26)Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582, a little hard to see the bones but appears to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=121 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook present - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='BOS MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519 present - mastoid is sandwiched in between squamosal and exoccipital'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Camelus - Stony Brook -present but check'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 hard to assess with fusion - I think yes but then this may mean that there is no direct contact between the squamosal and the meatal tube'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='UCMP 1247 Tayassu angulata'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='AMNH 53672 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19316'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 completely absent - it articulates with the bulla entirely'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 seems to be barely there if at all'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus Stony Brook MAR 20 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 very hard to see on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) present broken but break indicates connection'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - probably present - but kind of unclear'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 there is a contact but watch this homology'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='check with Cozzuol - this is a bit tricky because this is sort of a free floating petrosal - bull complex, however, there is no contact in the sutured way seen in Monodon or Balaenoptera'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411 - present - very long and clear'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='LG Figure 27'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM-AMNH 95326 - not very clear in the specimen but I think it must have been presetn'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=122 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, this can be seen internally on the skull'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 present probably although suture is hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 - this is pretty difficult to tell'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='this is probably present but is almost impossible to see because it is so deep and once the bulla is removed the contact is hard to observe because the paroccipital process comes off too.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH2238 present - hard to see unless using isolated petrosal and bulla'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19316'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Kogia breviceps - AMNH 35912 essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 seems like it might just barely be there but will be scored as absent'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 hard to tell because not in situ'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='UCMP Z 134218 Cervus elephas - present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 - small'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Dorudon atrox Fig. 27 LG and Fig.l8'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53785, present, pretty clear'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. absent - paroccipital part of exoccipital does not contact bulla'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 - appears to be present but could use a better specimen'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582 - absent due to amastoidy'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=123 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - removed with bulla'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - here it is longer than the contribution of the tympanic but definitely on the small side'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519 - half - note also that the bulla does not have a long tube in this taxon'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - the squamosal part of the eam is really quite large by comparison with the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403 subequal - a little hard to measure but subequal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Camelus Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - has to be very long, state 2 but need to find a specimen where it is really visible'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa reaaly long'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='AMNH 53672 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni extremely elongate'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19316'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 approximately double - this is tricky because this part would not have been ventrally enclosed by a meatal tube - however, I think it still is a long EAM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 very hard to assess but I think short'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - really hard to tell where this is exactly in whales'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - not sure where this is but there is a substantial groove posterior to the postglenoid process'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951- appears to be both absent and shallow, the squamosal only contributes a miniscule wafer of bone to the superior aspect of the EAM, this wafer of bone is adjacent to a huge foramen. But all together this is about half'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus Stony Brook MAR 20 equal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes; subequal state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - shallow and clear part of the EAM suture very clear.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='really cannot tell due to preservation'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 double - even though petrosal is not visible'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) tricky to measure off the photo but probably double'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 equal'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) double'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - subequal'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5, small'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 subequal to petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH 72191 - slightly more than equal'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, state 0Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - relatively short and shallow, either state 0 or 1.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, maybe sort of inapplicable or state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - more than double'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 Figure 18 Luo and Gingerich'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; state 2. This is a little hard to measure in these whales because it is unclear where the EAM stopped - did it stop at the end of the bar of bone behind the EAM or continue on? Either way this state is the same for this taxon.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326, seems about double'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), pretty much equal Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, double, cannot see this though exactly - but must be double'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Archaeotheirum AMNH 6385 - even though covered with tympanic tube - very long'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius - looks equal or slightly larger'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) score this but I think it is not clear.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=124 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, hard to estimate with bulla in situ.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 present - deep withing the contact area'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519 not a very good one - the lateral side of the tegman tympani does touch but that is really all'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='RECHECK Giraffa AMNH 69403 technically absent - even though some parts of the tegmen tympani are in conact with the squamosal'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='AMNH 53672 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19316 absent - UNLESS THE FALCIFORM PROCESS IS HUGE'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 the bulla excepted'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus Stony Brook MAR 20 present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 - I think present although the anterior process is hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens cannot see the area'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) probably but bone is removed'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) really looks like it is present but technically there is a lot of matrix in this area'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) can only conclude yes since these are touching but cannot make this out fully because no isolated petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 present'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH 72191 - actually absent'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 - this is much different than the situation in whales - however there is some contact'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, very tough to id true position of petrosal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 Figure 18 Luo and Gingerich - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=125 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, text p. 23'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 4 label as present but I don''t think this can be see - what is it doing no where near the petrosal for example??'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), I just see one foramen and Colbert does not discuss this'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, note that Whitmore (1953) calls this the condylar foramen but says the hypoglossal nerve went through it.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. clear on AMNH42257'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 and AMNH 1355 - just one giant foramen in the condylar region'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21 - he draws tow foramina but labels the one farther from the condyle as the condylar foramen - I am scoring as if both foramina (condylar and hypoglossal) are present'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=126 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, huge'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) closer to condyle'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519 - slightly closer tot the jugular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403 in between'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 definitely closer to condyle'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 3, right in the middle.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='UCMP 1247 Tayassu angulata'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa closer to jugular'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='AMNH 53672 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present and closer to jugular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19316 - whales are hard to compare directly in terms of position to other taxa.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent - othere notes say present if viewed from inside the skull'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='According to Luo the hypoglossal nerve is supposed to exit through a separate foramen in odotocetes (meaning it is absent) - I have it labelled as present- the main purpose of this character is to distinguishe pakicetids and maybe protocetids from ungulates; Schulte says it is there - Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present but not sure on position'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 left side'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 state 0 (there are as many as four holes in this area on this specimen) - the largest one I am calling the hypoglossal foramen and it is near condle sam for Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400; Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus Stony Brook MAR 20 present and closer to occipital condyle'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - very slightly closer to the condyle; also Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 in between'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - check though'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Ting and Li p. 25 - say there is one hypoglossal foramen on the left and two on the right the illustrate the two.'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (65) close to jugular foramen - however I don''t think is really visible in FIg. 4 Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - present and closer to condyle'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, there are 2 tiny holes adjacent to the cranial hiatus - any change these are they?'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 Figure 18 Luo and Gingerich - not in picture - also absent according to LG'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; I think absent state 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, this one is particularly far from the condyle'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. and AMNH42257 closer to condyle'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='variable - but essentially in between; Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), pretty clear in Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, essentially in between'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=127 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200there are clear divisions on the petrosal but not on the basioccipital'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519 confluent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - the anterior and posterior lacerate foramina are separate'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403 absence of confluence'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absence of confluence'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 2, holes are poorly defined, very confluent. Need specimen'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='UCMP 1247 Tayassu angulata'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='the confluence is absent, it looks deceiving on the side with the bulla but there is a deep contact visible when the bullla is removed.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa absence of congfluence'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='AMNH 53672 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni confluence with poorly defined divisions'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 confluent present poorly defined divisions'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus Stony Brook MAR 20 absence of confluence'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes, state 1, well-defined divisions; UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - they are very close and seem to be just barely continuous. On one side of the skull the continuity is less pronounced.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 confluent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absence of confluence - see View 1'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens - I think absence of confluence but this is a pretty damaged area'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 not extremely well-preserved but separate'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 different on each side'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - clear, separate foramen'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; see also AMNH 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - confluent, well-defined'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103,'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411 confluent - divisions clear'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 93220 and UM 94812 Figure 18 Luo and Gingerich'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169 - huge confluence'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, the two foramina are distinctly separate'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='AMNH 140343 Poebrotherium - there is a strut of bone between them but it does not entirely touch.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 - cannot tell due to the fusion of the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1256 - confluent and it is very celar and open'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=128 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:21 seems to show an absence of confluence'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 huge'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 - too fused'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa small and present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 contact is small point here; Lama glama AMNH 80218 contact is slightly larger'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3 - absent the squamosal intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378, also particularly on AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Kogia breviceps - AMNH 35912 I think absent - cannot seem any clear parietal even on juvenile - but this is pretty tricky'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). - hard to tell - they say large but do not describe contact'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 prsent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411 I think here the pterygoid has grown over the alisphenoid to a large degree but there is still some small contact with the parietal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740 - can be seen on left side'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Dorudon atrox UM 101222 very clearly present'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, appears to be present on left side'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 - difficult to tell but appears to be present after comparing both sides'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), I think absent based on Figure 1 but not that clear'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394 - looks essentially absent, the sutures get a little blurry in this area'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582, sutures are not incredibly clear but seems to be present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=129 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) dorsally extensive - in broad contact with parietal'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200extensive with good contact'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted - inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 - too fused'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa small'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) dorsally extensive Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH35235 relatively small and Lama glama AMNH 80218 - relatively large'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='unclear - too fused even in CA2423, in AMNH infant skull (?AMNH15001) there is decent contact between these two bones'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 and 53769 (best if viewed ventrally because of expanded orbital wall) - contact is small - so small and deep that it is hard to see that it is present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni, Alisphenoid does not seem to be present either in the orbit or in the basicranium'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951 gooed parietal contact'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number I think present but it is not completely clear on drawing'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, not in broad contact with parietal state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 15824 in combination with Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - there is only a very small contact, state 1.; Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 - not sure if there is much in the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 dorsally extensive small contact w/ parietal'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 large'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Dorudon atrox Fig. 34 UM 101222 Luo and Ging'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, contact seems substantial'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. large'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, this is a little unclear but I think there is a broad contact'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=130 TEXT='almost indicated in Figure 53 of Thewissen but pretty vague'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200present but pretty small'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted - just barealy - so absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 too fused'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - hard to see - in AMNH 24289 - in the far back of the orbit it is present (can see the orbitosphenoid clearly for distinction).'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3 - just barely but the do meet at a four bone junction'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - not clear why the other whales have this as present - cannot see the frontal on the ventral surface here'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - very difficult to tell'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 separated'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 present state 0; Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 (hard to see frontal - parietal suture) but probably present'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent, separated by parietal'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740 - somewhat visible on left side - I think present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Uhen page 50 - first full paragraph'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, I think they are separated by the orbitosphenoid but it is a little hard to tell, left side is clearer'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), not clear from drawing'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, I am pretty sure this is present, the alisphenoid appears to have a huge wing that is very extensive dorsally'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 - appears to be blocked by parietal'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=131 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 - seems to be at inferior base of sphenorbital fissure'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='7. Bos, SB-MAR 15, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 0 ab sent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='AMNH 2238 Babyrousa babyrousa ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent (no illustrations for these orbit characters because it is impossible to photograph)'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405;Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 -state 0; Antilocapra americana AMNH Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - technically not preserved - I have highlighted a spot on the drawing where it might be'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - cannot really tell for sure - probably at base of sphenorbital fissure - but not that clear.'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, tiny hole at base of sphenorbital fissure and in Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 VERY INTERESTING - IS THIS ONTOGENETIC???; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084. Geisler and Uhen score this as present; Gazin page 38 says this is absent - probably this is based on something like Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:22 - this is mentioned as present but I think this is wrong'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=132 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) score this but it is not that clear'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook- well separated - unlike mesonychid configuration'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, state 0, inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='7. Bos SUNY Mar 15, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729it is clear but there is not a foramen oval'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='27. Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen, state 0 - I think inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 inapp - no canal'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 inapplicalbe'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni not visible at all and no foramen ovale'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - State 0'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 no canal'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 within a recess with the foramen ovale'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - within a deep groove'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) -seems to be withing the groove - recess'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - in a deep groove'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 not sure - there is a "hole X" and I think an anterior opening of the alar canal visible in lateral view'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - well separated; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - well separated'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, I belive inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Gazin page 38 says this is absent - probably this is based on something like Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich Fig. 18'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. canal just seems to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=133 TEXT='Cainotherium laticurvatum UCMP 43061 - there is an extra hole by sphenorbital fissure - I'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) there are two canidates - present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) - present at base of frontal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='This is present, the bones are fused but it is in the right place.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa babyrousa present at base of frontal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present at frontal - orbitosphenoid suture'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19316'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 present - sometimes in OS or frontal'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Kogia breviceps - AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 17951 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 can''t tell'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, present at frontal-orbitosphenoid suture'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='very hard to say'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, hard to see but I think present - needs more prep work'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; has about three foramina at base of frontal on left side'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Pearson 1927 p. 70 says present , Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394 - a little hard to see but there is a foramen high up in the orbit near the frontal.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=134 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius - although he calls it something else'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910absentpalatine bone intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, I think absent because the palatine is intervening (huge sphenopalatine foramen)'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 - absent - there is a bone in between'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='AMNH 81899 present, the only possible explanation for the difference is that the suture has disappeared in the pygmy hippo but the suture is already gone in CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - here there seems to be a clear difference with the pygmy hippo in that some bone intrudes between the frontal and maxilla in Hippo but not in Choeropsis'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3, present and very clear'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present and clear just above the caudopalatine-sphenopalatine foramen'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315, present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378, clearly absent on ventral surface (this does open up some questions about Kogia where the sutures are much harder to see.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912 - very hard to tell but based on juvenile - probably present'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - not clear; A. americana; AMNH 130200 (subadult, part erupted M3) lacrimal intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 I think present even though the suture with the palatine is unclear'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Uhen page 47 under "Frontal"'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), cannot really tell from Fig. 1 - maybe the ethmoid is in there'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=135 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) contributes to inferior aspect of orbit only'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa inferior'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) - this is relative but I think contributes just to inferior part'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, contributes to inferior aspect, the contribution here is different (larger) than in Hippo so make sure after all data are collected that these should still be the same state'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" -Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284just the inferior aspect -'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 inferior aspect of orbit only'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 contributes to inferior aspect only - on orbit illustration'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 superior and anterior'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Kogia breviceps (AMNH 35912) contributes to superior aspect only'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 -infero-anterior part of orbit only'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number contributes to inferior aspect only'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, inferior aspect excluded from orbital wall state 0.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 contributes to inferior aspect of orbit only;Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, excluded from orbital wall state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Uhen p. 39 - describes maxilla as part of the floor of the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, I am pretty sure just the inferior aspect only even though sutures are a little unclear'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, a little hard to see sutures'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=136 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910definitely absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, unclear'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 maxilla contacts orbitosphenoid:present in subadult not clear in adult - the maxilla is contacting something with lack of suture between frontal and orbitosphenoid it is unclear what.'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='cannot see this due to obstruction by the palatine but almost certainly based on the way the bones are entwined there - could use better demonstration of this.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Kogia breviceps - AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - maxilla contacts a sphenoid part - but OS? or AS?'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='unclear where the orbitosphenoid is - under pneumatized bone.'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - I think yes but sutures are not that clear'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='really hard to tell sutures in this area, even on a juvenile'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. cannot see orbitosphenoid in these specimens, a quick glance through Scott doesn''t show anything there either'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=137 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, I can''t really see the orbitosphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910present and very clear'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa out ovf view in sketch'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) present and small - hard to see sutures in adult Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 but I think present - occurs anterior to sphenopalatine foramen'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284using 53769 AMNH also there is contact'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni + info from AMNH36430 - absent - the orbitosphenoid intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Kogia breviceps (AMNH 35912) absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 absent (sphenoid is in the way) Antilocapra americana AMNH 15824 also helpful to double check sutures but adults is not bad. Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 (hard to tell, fused)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - absent; Tragulus javanicus; AMNH 102091 subadult, absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 most likely but the sutures are really unclear'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. I think present although orbitosphenoid is not clear and that affects this character'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), I think present - Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, I think there is a small contact'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=138 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - I think NO - it looks like the VOMER intervenes - pretty interesting.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 present and very clear'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa presnt'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) - definitely absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, CA2423 absent state 0, only contact maxill and orbitosphenoid'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data"Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent max blocks the way'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Kogia breviceps (AMNH 35912) really based on AMNH 35680 where the lacrimal is visible - but the lacrimal is situated so far laterally that it is clear that the part of the palatine closest to the orbit is not in contact with it at all.'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 probably absent but lacrimal is not visible'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 15824 present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 present; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, yes present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 lacrimal sutures totally invisible'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=139 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig:17'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa careful with this it is so large it looks like a maxillary bulla'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Tayassu - USNM 1247'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3, Pearson, 1927 also says this is absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 absent - see also T. meminna AMNH 200098 absent and fully grown'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 absenmt'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 26 - absent - I suppose this could be broken - but probably absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 286 - I think present but really hard to know what they mean'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, and Pearson, 1927 pp. 69-70 - present, large and clear'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=141 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum - present according to the text'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 absent but AMNH 51906, 51910, 510324 all present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 14103 VP subadult M3 unerupted - present in the juvenile but there is also an M3 in it - check adults'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, present even in adult'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 PRESENT'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 present here but very slightly more juvenile than Lama glama AMNH 35235 where it is absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Tayassu - USNM 1247 - need photo'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present and small'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) absent - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 absent with teeth fully erupted see AMNH 200098 T. Meminna also'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 25 Dorudon UM 97506 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, it is not huge but this is clearly an adult animal and it has a small bulge in that area'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, there is a clear projection at the posterior aspect of the maxila, Pearson does not refer to this as a bull per se but I am homologizing this at a general level of similarity'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, present as a small, clear extension off the palate'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=142 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582, I guess present - not very distinctive'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - I think one but sheep have a giant hole next to this - find out what that is first'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, present state 1, some specimens (like the photo) have other small holes, but in general there seems to be one large one.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200I think common - this should photograph and illustrate easily'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris separate holes - actually there are about five holes in the area NEEDS WORK'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 two holes'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, it appears to be absent as there is nothing medial to the infraorbital foramen, posterior opening. However, there is a another large opening adjacent to the infraorbital foramen hole (?blind sac, can''t really tell where it is going). Two openings total.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - really recheck this'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Tayassu - USNM 1247 - need photo'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 common hole present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 there is only one hole at the anterior orbit'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 common hole for caudal and sphenopalatine foramina absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0, absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 state 0; Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 0.'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - need to see specimen again - not sure'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 present'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - not clear - only foramen maxillare is preserved - possibly could be prepped on left side'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) can only see maxillare foramen'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). text - both are mentioned'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - I think a shared hole but not that clear'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - can actually see one foramen on right side but not clear on this character'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - the specimen has one giant hole in that region - cannot make out specifics'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740 - the area is relatively preserved and even prepped but it looks different on each side and it is really hard to tell what is going on. You can see a clear caudal palatine foramen (well posterior to the posterior opening of the maxillary foramen) but I cannot see a separate sphenoplatine foramen - Gazin instead calls this the sphenopalatine foramen. Not clear what is going on'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - could be clarified with prep work'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53663'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. common - could use more prep but looks like a common holed'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 287, only they call it a joint opening for the sphenopalatine foramen and the postpalatine canal -'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=143 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, p. 835, Brunet mentions both in text - cannot see in picture'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - if this is the one that is inferior then it is smaller if it is the one that is superior it is larger'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris larger but double check attribution'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 - huge'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 much larger than caudal p. f.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - there are two holes here - very unequal in size -'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 larger'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - revisit - one large and possibly a second medially positioned small foramen - I think state 0 - because of the large size difference'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). Figure 2'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319 - these are very clear'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53663'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=144 TEXT='visible but needs prep'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892, not really'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403 present - a little different than some of the others but present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present but need Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) to confirm sutures'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent (1)'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - present'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Fig. 8 - almost preserved but technically not'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - a little hard to see but there'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017, somewhat damaged and different on both sides but appears to be present'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, right side'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623 and AMNH 0-78-1592'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='FIgure 6 Uhen - A little hard to assess dimensions but looks like'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; lateral aspect of hard palate forms U-shaped junction with maxilla state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 - essentially absent - sometimes there is a small hook but not the U seen in many taxa'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, watch the maxillary bulla, it sticks out but this is technically not part of the palate'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, there is a small U shaped area next to the maxillary bulla - but this is not really similar'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582 - only a very faint U - counting this as absent'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, borderline but some U shape'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I - absent'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=145 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, see also P. vortmani YOM 20524'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - Colbert 1938 does not mention but there is clearly a rounded area there'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, that area is a little distorted, looks like two knobs are present but unclear'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - the palate has a strong scroll to it but it is more lateral than the usual position for the torus'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, has a partial torus, present to some degree on both sides but not fully across. Seen in a few other specimens also'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=146 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius - looks like it is present and seems to be mentioned in Ectocion - but is not explicitly labeled in Phenacodus'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 - I think this is really a whale issue'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryceteropus absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 present see orbit view'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 I think present but still have problem of unclear sutures'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - absent according to MM also'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Very hard to tell from description - sounds like it is probably present Figure 27'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=147 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - these do not look laterally extensive at all'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='absent according to MM - not entirely clear what this is'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='40. Iniageoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, sutures very unclear'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=148 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - no'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Bos, SB-MAR 15 inapp or no'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris no and pterygoid sinus is absent - possibly inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - I think inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 no'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - probably "no"'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa, no'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni no'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 I think present, that is what MM say - but unclear on the dimensions of these'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 no expansion into temporal fossa'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number no'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 no'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) tough to say - check out crests and recompare'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - no'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - Fig. 4 I think yes but prety vague'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, MM say yes - whatever....'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - MM say no.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 27 UM 100139'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=149 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, parallel, taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200very subtle but they do taper'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1parallel'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - largely parallel - very slight flare anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa parallel'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - incredibly borderline - but I guess tapers slightly more'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni parallel'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - taken as mandible'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis taper anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx - mostly parallel, see also Scot 1888 figure'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - premolars start to taper anteriorly (not molars or anterior teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - taper at first and then flare - compare with hippo and artios'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - need to put skull back together to tell'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). very slight taper'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='not enough info Fig. 8 Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847., they taper a little but the medial borders are parallel'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, pretty parallel'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - they do not taper that much, generally parallel'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; a little hard to interpret but pretty much parallel'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 taper'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 , Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Uhen FIgure 22'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, taper very slightly'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 - parallel; in AMNH 1481, there is a slight bulge in the molar area but the major trend is parallel'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, borderline'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, relatively parallel'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=150 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='narrows and stays narrow - recheck coding here'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, narrows and stays narrow'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryceteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris narrows and then widens (very slightly)'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 narrows and stays narrow'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - kind of borderline - but narrow'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 narrows and then flares - however it does not really narrow much it usually stays the same'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 narrows and then flares'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa narrows and stays narrow'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni flares and then narrows'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 narrows and stays narrow'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 narrows and stays narrow'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number narrows and stays narrow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis narrows and stays narrow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 has a narrower point than the most anterior part'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx narrows and flares - does not look this way too much in Scott''s drawing though'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) I think narrows and then flarses but not well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - narrows and then flares laterally'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) narrows and flares'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). essentially flares only a very small amount'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - there does seem to be a narrowing but there is too much postmortem damage to really be sure about this.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - narrows between p1-p3.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 stays narrow'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='FIg. 22'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, I think narrows and stays narrow but this is not entirely preserved'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, not extremely pronounced but clear'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, flares very slightly'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=151 TEXT='hard to tell on this specimen, not that complete.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) narrow'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, narrow'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200narrow'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris narrow'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 tip of rostrum narrow, less than the distance between last two molars'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, USNM 464982; Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899; both broad - state 0.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 -broad'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa equal width'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni narrow'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912, narrow but again tooth issue'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number narrow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, narrow state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 1, narrow.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - narrow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) broad'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) broad'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - really hard to tell due to postmortem damage'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, narrow'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209 - borderline - narrow'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 22'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 almost exactly equal'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, equal'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249, AMNH 582, essentially equal, also Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=152 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - intersects'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) intersects glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, plane intersects glenoid, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris intersects'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 intersects glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 intersects'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218, intersects glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1 teeth are medial to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - largely medial to glenoid Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa medial to glenoid fossa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni medial to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 barely'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 edge of beak is medial to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912, again no teeth but the line would probably pass medial to the glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 intersects glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number intersects glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, intersects glenoid. State 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis medial'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 hard to gauge due to break'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) yes intesects'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - postmortem damage is too great to tell'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 essentially medial and on the right side this seems to be real'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Fig. 22 Uhen - shape is very curved - certainly teeth are not medial'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; yes state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, medial for sure'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=153 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910whatever this is it is absent in this taxon'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present (very small)'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 posterior nasal spine absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - present and one single spine'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 small bump but essentially no spine'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 present as small stump'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - two'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - this may not be present in whales because of the bony nasla passage'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - covered with plaster'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 22 absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I, weird shape looks like a uvula, see Fig. 21'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=154 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910posteriorly - even a bit posteromedial'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 posterolateral'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 posterolaterally'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 - posterolaterally'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" posterolateral'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa posterolaterally'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 posterolateral'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 inferolateral'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - not preserved on specimen but clearly was posterolateral'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094; has a very strange jugal - which contributes only a tiny piece to the zygomatic arch and is mostly under the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - Science article'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 posterolaterally'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) posterolaterally'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, definitely flares laterally'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 postero lateral'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Inia AMNH 93412 has the stumps of a jugal and they point posterolaterally'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - primarily posterior'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 22'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326, 1'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, borderline but predominantly posterior'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, posterolateral, flaring'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; kind of borderline but seems to be posterior, see Scott, 1941 too'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I and Fig. 21, some lateral component but mostly posterior'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=155 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892, one large hole'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Kogia - Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - Science article - not clear from this'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). THere is an incisive canal'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, appear to be real'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - these seem to be real, there is some reconstruction but on each side at least 3/4 of the margin is real.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 45147'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 22 Absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), no info'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=156 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - dimensions according to this standard are hard to assess - large'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - larger but the shape is so different that it may actually be equal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 larger than a molar'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910really long and oval but areawise about the size of a tooth'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris comparable to a molar'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 - it is a large fisure but essentially in ballpark of molar or smaller'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 clear, large holes -'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 seems to have both palatine fissures and an incisive canal - the palatine fissures are small though- much smaller than a tooth'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 smaller than a molar'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1, comparable to a molar'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - certainly not larger than a molar - on an angle - not coming straight through - there are also two on each side'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa smaller than a molar'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni approximately molare size or a bit smallerr'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 -larger than a molar- huge'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number larger than a molar'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - medium (2)'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think inapplicabel'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Szalay and Gould say these are completely surrounded byt the premaxillae p. 146 col. 1 - I don''t think they are well-preserved enought to see.'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) smaller than a molar'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - they are large but not relatively so on this animal'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 45147'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, elongate and there are two well-defined fissures, - area about that of a molar; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, elongate and there are two well-defined fissures, however in Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 which is older ontogenetically it is separate completely, also this seems to be the case in Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult, the two fissures have coalesced although it is not clear whether the rostral extreme of the premaxilla is broken or unjoined. Check other specimens to understand this polymorphism'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='-'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 - they are large, but so are the molars - so, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, really differenct shapes, but essentially the same area'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=157 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14 - cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 closest to oval'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) oval'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - not fully fused and takes all kinds of different shapes - parallelogram, jagged, etc...'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris oval'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH sort of a rounded triangle'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 oval'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - if this refers to the anterior palatine foramina - these are oval - if it refers to the split in the palate anterior to that this is a slit with an incomplete anterior opening'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 oval'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, really tear drop shaped (oval?) maybe a stupid character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 oval'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - actually pretty hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa - oval'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni oval with a few irregular spots'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 looks round'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 oval'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number oval'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, ovale state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) oval'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 45147'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - oval'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Scott, 1941 shows these but pretty hard to tell, looks fudged, apparently rounded anteriorly then taper'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=158 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook; Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - in both premaxilla and maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200clearly at junction'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris almost entirely within maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892, used AMNH173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 at junction of premax and max'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - anterior palatine foramina are at the junction - altough sutures hard to see and the interincisive canal is in the premaxilla'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 at junction of maxilla and premaxilla'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, at junction'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - definitely not contained entirely within the premax - one is at max-premax suture and one is posterior in max'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa at junction of premaxilla and maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni at max-premax junction'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 at junction'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number at junction of maxilla and premaxilla'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, at junction of premaxilla - maxilla state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 1'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis inapp'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - cannot see sutures'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 45147 - a little hard to tell but seems to be at junction'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult state 1, junction'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. the posterior border is maxilla but the foramina are otherwise entirely within the premax'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394 - too hard to tell on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I, looks like it is at the junction as is typical but I am not sure in photo'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=160 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 54 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200no'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 vomer exposure between maxillae on palate: absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 absenyt'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni although a small amount of vomer is visible far anteriorly - it is essentially unexposed'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912, present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - seems to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis difficult to tell'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) admittedly pretty banged up but absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Fig. 8 - not posteriorly - but the only area preserved is between the molars Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 -- I think this is too far back'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Uhen says nothing about this. I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), seems a bit poorly preserved but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=161 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryceteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 and AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 - not at the anterior extreme, slightly separated by premaxialla'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 maxillae sutures with premaxilla are not visible - for what it is worth in CA2423 - the maxillae are NOT in full contact, the premaxillae intrude between them'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 but just barely'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa - present but premaxillae are not'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni - borderline absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Kogia Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 posteriorly yes, but anteriorly there is a small elongate separation'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number full contact'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='present based on Science reconstruction'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - scoring is a little shakey due to preservation - but'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - seems to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 22 present'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2 shows a distinct incursion of the premaxilla'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), no info'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=162 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris - there are channels outside of the anterior palatien foramina but they open relatively posterior'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 - they do open very far in front'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Pickford 1983:208 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Pickford 1983:208 present; Tayassu MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - clearly absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='nothing to suggest this is present - Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='not clear'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760, likely to be absent but I cannot see in photo'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='not clear from photo'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Helohyidae Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - there is an ambiguous anterior palatine foramen but I don''t think this can really be scored reliably'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 - I think present - two small holes are at anterior palate in illustration'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), clear foramen posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822 - not clear where these are'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, these look like they are present on both sides there are strong grooves that originate medial to P2 and extend to the canine. At P2 there appears to be a hole but the hole itself is not that well-preserved'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Giraffa 14135 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='not sure about the homology here there is a highly vascular palate - I guess this should be examined for what is anterior. Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Uhen 2004, p. 36 - the homology of the anterior palatine foramen in apparently unclear'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp - the antertior palatine foramina appear to be medial to P3 - so pretty far anterior'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='these are not illustrated and as far as I can tell not mentioned'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, anterior palatine foramen opens at M1'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582 - the anterior palatine foramen is halfway along the snout at P4 - I think this still counts as relatively posterior.'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Brunet 1968 p. 836 says that these open around P3 - a little confusion about anterior and posterior palatine foramina'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 absent Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 Fig. 53'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=163 TEXT='from Boisserie - cannot tell in illustration of Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 there are a few but I am not sure that there are as many as in some taxa'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 there are just three or four (variable) of these along teeth - palate is not highly vascular - absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 - there are about three others of various sizes'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni numerous small foramina absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912, absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 there are a few but not that many'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; there are two on each side'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Uhen page 36 - sounds like some but this is not illustrated well'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=164 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent - should be open anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 and AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 sutures are not clear but the premax are definitely separate; see also Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 present - they are slightly splayed'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 2 - Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 complicated - premaxillae are separate'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 - present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Kogia pl61 separated by a gap'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas - like other ruminants there is sort of a continuous anterior opening from the interincisive canal.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think present but a vagues character'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - in ventral palate this area is not well-preserved'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 45147 small gap anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310 - incredibly tough call'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6 - I wonder if this is reconstructed though'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='UhenFig 24'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Scott, 1891 FIgure 3'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; there does seem to be a slight separation here'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, essentially no. It is a little hard to tell with the fossilization but there does not seem to be'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=165 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 appears to be absent but sutures are not visible'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent but admittedly sutures are unclear'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 palatines covered by pterygoids - absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 pterygoids are not there but really unlikely they ever covered palatines'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0 (they do touch but that is it)'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, neither bones are fully preserved but pretty clear that this is absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=166 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 separate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 abseent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni proximal contact absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Kogia breviceps - AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present Moschus moschiferus AMNH17951 absent POLYMORPHIC'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent - a little unclear though'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - hard to tell but they look almost touching'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) contact present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 4'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH93415'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411 - they come pretty close together in this taxon but ultimately are not touching.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 plate 1 Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53663'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=167 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei in this specimen they are very close together but clearly not touching.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - stops anterior to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) stops at last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, stops at last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200distal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris midline stops anterior to distal tooth''s margin'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892, well anterior to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 stops anterior to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - stops well anterior to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, extends distal, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" distal to last tooth Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 extends distal to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni distal'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 distal to last "tooth"'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 not obvious how to score - does go back far distally but there are no teeth'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number extends distal to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, stops anterior state 2'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - appears to stop anterior to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx - just barely distal to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) extends at least to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - stops anterior to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) extends distal to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='AMNH 26278 Gobiohyus orientalis anterior to M3'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, extends a tiny bit - essentially stops at last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623 (distal) and AMNH 0-78-1572 (anterior)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 distal'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, essentially at last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. very anterior'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 and AMNH 99273 - clearly anterior. Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 - just barely anterior - this is borderline for multistate'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941 - p. 470 he discusses - debunks the "aquatic" association here'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, essentially at last too'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=168 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14 palatine'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 ianpp'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 mostly palatine bone'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - palate does extend beyond the third molar and pterygoids extend slightly into midline but they do not make a palate extension'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 made of palatine'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni present and made of palatine'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 present and made of pterygoids'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912, made by pterygoids'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number made of palatine'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas - does not really extend beyondM3'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I guess palatine but hard to tell - check original or compare to Dorudon'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present but hard to tell bone composition'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - this is totally unclear in Fig. 8'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, palate is extended but not by pterygoids by palatine, so absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 primarily palatien'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 plate 1 Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169 and Kellogg 1936, Fig. 2 - seems to be both'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=169 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Bos MAR - 14'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - no'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987: 25'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 touching'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent or possibly inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis not sure'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent - almost'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - these guys discuss something call the "pterygoid process" but I don''t think it is clear at all what bones extend the palate'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='FIg 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='AMNH uncatalogued Leptomeryx DICK 33-1417'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, what bone this is is a little unclear'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=116 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, not that well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris no'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 no'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 no'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - no'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni yes'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110 seems like technically - no but the hamulus can be hard to single out'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number no'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 no hamuli'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5, shown in drawing - I suppose possibly reconstructed'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 no keels'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, no state 1; check the ontogeny of this, I think this is an adult'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 plate 1 Gazin not fully preserved but pretty well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='AMNH uncatalogued Leptomeryx DICK 33-1417'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326 (very clear here)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=170 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='present according Susan Williams'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Pickford 1983:207 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Pickford 1983:207 present - Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 present'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Pickford 1983:207 present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='AMNH 19319 Monodon monoceras present -but recheck'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410 70378; in AMNH 40015 it is fused - probably and ontogenetic issue'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent - see medial mandible'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - seems to be absent, could be an artifact - hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878 fused; Harpagolestes AMNH 2308 not fused but I have not idea what ontogenetic stage this one is - the other has erupted adult dentition'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='(Black 1978 illustrates, BM M-18442, a mandible, photograph) but Falconer and Cautley, 1847. show as fused as does Colbert in a line drawing'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='cast of mandible with worn dentition FMNH PM 150 (reference Wilson, JA, 1971. No. 17 Tex. Mem. Mus.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 9763'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, present; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Inia Flower Plate 26'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Gazin page 43 - says "strongly ankylosed"'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Uhen page 70'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 7 - looks unfused but no mention in text'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123 - unfused, see also AMNH 1332 (in same case)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus - strongly fused here (in AMNH 38843, however it is not fused - this may be polymorphic, both are adults)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 293'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392 and Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52), M/3 not fully erupted, P/4 not erupted"Entelodont" AMNH BH 0-1-26 (Cabinet 52)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH SD 229-4065'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2, present'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a, appears to be absent, there are several adult specimens with symphyses that are not fused'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) - not explicitly addressed in the paper - but seems fused in picture'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) score as unfused but I was not convinced that this could be scored.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=172 TEXT='AMNH 13371 has a fused symphsysis and seems very similar in dentition to other specimens. AMNH 13362 has an unfused symphysis. So this is polymorphic.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174, I think absent but need a good dorsal photo'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15 - really clear'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403, borderline but there is a distinct indentation'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Smuts'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235, there is a subtle constriction'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Hippo amphib AMNH 24284 - very borderline, I guess present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa, borderline but i think present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='AMNH 19319 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458, a little hard to see but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786, essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26280'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='cast of mandible (AMNH 94245)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='AMNH 5145 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='AMNH 72186a'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 8'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Agriochoerus FAM 95324'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); not mentioned, no dorsal view'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Perchoerus FAM 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 583'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=173 TEXT='AMNH 55338'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101 less than 1/3'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200far anterior - well in front of the few teeth that are there and only taking up about 1/5 or less of the mandible.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus a p30'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 less than 1/3 the size of the dentary'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, at p2, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 at p3'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 extends to P3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 it is at p1 but check the dental formula in this taxon - some teeth are missing in this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='AMNH 19319 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 70378 less tha one third the size of the dentary'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 anterior to p2'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 anterior to p2'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - over the incisive foramen, canine and p1 are lost and the symphysis extends well into the diastemata.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis at p/2 - I think - CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - p3'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423 - not terribly well-preserved'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) need a medial photograph'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878 - there is no complete dentary for comparison but given where this ends it is less than 1/3'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='(Black 1978 illustrates, BM M-18442, a mandible)'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150 (reference Wilson, JA, 1971. No. 17 Tex. Mem. Mus.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 9763'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, anterior to p2'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Inia Flower Plate 26'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - less than 1/3 size of dentary - not sure that they actually touch'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Uhen page 70 and Fig. 7 - not quite half'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Kellogg 1936 Fig. 7 - not quite half so state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52); Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH SD 229-4065'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a and AMNH 55337'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=174 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - flat'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) flat'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, relatively flat state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910definitely flat'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris flat'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 palate flate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 flat'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 0, flat Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" flat'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 flat'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 flat'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Monodon AMNH 73315 relatively flat'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110 - compare with MM''s scoring - differs I think - palatines - this is very pronounced and also with the maxilla there is some ventral extension at the sagittal edge'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent?'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 flat'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number flat'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes, flat'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - the posterior part is flat but the anterio part midline is slightly vaulted'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis flat'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) flat'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - maybe this is scorable but I cannot really make this out on the photos'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='AMNH 26278 Gobiohyus orientalis flat'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - it has a depression in the area of P3 and P4 but really not clear if this is damaged or real'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Iniageoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, here the sagittal part is not dorsal it is ventral if you are looking at the pterygoid which is the most distal part - no state for this.. If you stop at the end of the teeth, where one is still in the maxilla - it is flat - state 0;'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - looks more ventral in pictures but check'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 see also AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=175 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101 present but not terribly obvious in adult - juvenile specimen shows this'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present;'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH20821 and 14108 - I think somewhat present - not unlike the cow in that the anterior mastoid suture is obliterated even in juveniles. However, it looks like a small part was present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 totally absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Monodon AMNH 19316 has petrosal in situ - it is sutured to skull but there really is no exposure laterally and I do not think with the bulla attached this would be very diffferent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - very tiny exposure - but not really inbetween the bones on the lateral skull'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 - hard to tell because totally detached but no significant exposure'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 - tube comes out not unlike in artiodactyls'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102090 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 not clear - need to recheck a specimen - may be a compound posterior process, something is exposed there though'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - I think presetn but not very clear'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Uhen p.68 does not explicitly say - but see Fig. 16 Luo and Gingerich and other whale descriptions - probably yes'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, If the analogy with the meatal tube and posterior process exists than this is exposed. (coming to this late it looks like this was not scored this way for many artiodactyls) - revisit'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326; the tube is visible -- so potentially this may be a problem homology with whales'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=176 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present. Stony brook - Ovis'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR-14 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - I think present pretty subtle'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 and 81892 - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - present very clear'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Tayassu UCMZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 prese'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Monodon AMNH 73315 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Kogia pl61 - absent but check on an original'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - present but very faint because skull bulges here'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 absent - actually is recessed'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present and very strong'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 appears absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 very faint'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; and AMNH72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740 - see also Gazin''s drawings - not much there'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Fig 39 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 4, looks very subtle'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='AMNH 99273 Agriochoerus sp., damaged specimen but the ridge appears present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127, short but very clear'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=177 TEXT='not as extensive as in some taxa but clear at superior margin.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 present; on Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook - it is at the anterior part of the exposed mastoid'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='7. Bos SUNY Mar 15, present state 17. Bos SUNY Mar 15; like Choeropsis there is no other foramen than that exposed in the character above;'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200present between mastoid and occipital'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, hard to see - it is on the side near the Eam - see also photo fo juvenile - it is hole behind EAM'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 80198 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='4. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present state 14. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, mastoid is not visible, making this character problematic, but there is no other foramen other than that which is next to the occipital.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Tayassu UCMZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa babyrousa nothing at all at lateral aspect of occipital - only two patent condylar foramina just above condyles'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Monodon AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Kogia pl61 and AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - there is a tiny foramen at the top of the mastoid where it is visible on the outside of the skull. Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 also. May want to reconsider later - there is also a variably present foramen at the suture of the mastoid and the occipital in AMNH 17951. Perhaps this is the real homology - going with second one POLYMORPHIC'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 15824 there is a foramen present high up on the process in posterior view. It is formed in this juveile by the exoccipital, supraoccipital and the mastoid process of the petrosal. Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 - suture between the exoccipital and the supraoccipital is obliterated but the foramen is more or less in the same place (i.e. the mastoid has a short extension that is just a tiny bit higher than the foramen). But it is clearly between the "occipital" and the mastoid.Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - same as 130198 - state 0.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis there is an oval, slit like area - but not sure about its identity'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - really needs prep to verify'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 - this is very hard to score in mesonychids - it is not the postemporal canal at the base of the skull'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cannot tell - very unclear'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - seems to be absent but Mesonychids have the foramen low down'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892 present'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 very tough to say'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - this is very distincticve looking, the anterior margin is flattened'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 - Gazin does not mention one but there is one on the left pretty clearly'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 39 and p. 59 - mentions nothing about one'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='11. Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; appears to be absent but some prep could be done, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, there seems to be a very small one - but see Whitmore who talks about the posttemporal canal'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus - very small and hard to see in many specimens - definitly present here'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, visible on right side'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127, incredibly hard to tell what is going on in this area in this taxon'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I and Fig. 20'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=178 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='Hippo amphib AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='not clear'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='not clear'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='seems like the derived state'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='not sure there even is a foramen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='possibly no foramen'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='seems like the derived state'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='UCMP 43061 Cainotherium laticurvatum'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='Thewissen'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=179 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook and 204174 AMNH - it is a vague, enlarged swelling only'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Stony brook - Ovis'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR-14 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 absent - slight indentation in this area'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 201157 absent - but present in juvenile Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14108 subadult'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 - the area juts out but no real knob'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Tayassu UCMZ 1247'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 no knob butPotamochoerus porcus AMNH 53703 has a knob that if very swollen - probably a pathology'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Monodon AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094, not terribly clear on this specimen but on others there are two faint knobs'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis two'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 not really pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent I think should check'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 and AMNH 93415'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 and Gazin plate 4'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Uhen page 60 mentions'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 4'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 53786, there are two small knobs'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. - a little bit borderline but absent - almost looks like there are two but they are not really bumps'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127, two - seems to be a bit variable (maybe sexually dimorphic)'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=180 TEXT='MS review'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - notches are sometimes extremely small'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 72191'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 and Gazin plate 4'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 39'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 4'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH uncat. S-611-26621'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 and Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 - present'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=181 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 long'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) really in between - lower than condyles but not dentition'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR-14 long'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200short'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 short'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 long'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 short'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 short'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 SHORT'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Pickford 1983 - says it is short and peccary like'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Pickford 1983 says it is short like hippos'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 53703'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 long'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni long'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 short'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Kogia pl61 definitely short but having trouble labelling draiwng'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 85400 short'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number long'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - short, although a little lower than the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis short'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 short'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) short'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) short'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Bulla not preserved.'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Geisler scores this but I absolutely cannot see this Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 FIg. 4'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - it looks small but the preservation and prep in that area is so polished that it is unclear'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - I am pretty sure this is preserved on one side'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; and AMNH 0-78-1572'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, short state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 shrot'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 and Gazin plate 4'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 39 looks almost pig - like'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Baleen something AMNH 42752 - short - also can be viewed from back - state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Agiochoerus latifrons AMNH 1351'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull) - no info'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Pearson shows as short but really hard to tell not preserved in any of the specimens I am looking at'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; pretty short - Scott, 1941 shows these as longer (I am not sure I trust that)'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, thi is in the figure but I am really unsure whether this is well-preserved or not'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=182 TEXT='RR210'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Ovis, no number, Stony Brook specimen.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218, essentially projects inferiorly - it is a flat plate though, not a spine'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Monodon AMNH 73315 - looks different than in Pakicetus and mesonychids - but is definitely not pointed'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops.'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5 - hard to tell from picture and this bone is not discussed in text'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 and Gazin plate 4'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, recheck that this is right because it is slightly flattened'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481, may have some interesting similarities to mesonychids and basal whales'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=184 TEXT='MS discuss'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook vaguely present; Equus cab AMNH 204174 present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3 - a little unclear but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 presnt'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - slightly faint but present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH 72191'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 and Gazin plate 4'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='not mentioned by Uhen on p. 60-61, Fig. 39 hard to tell - looks like it might be present'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 4'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326; I think absent, there are grooves there but these look different'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=185 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed)'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 - totally absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 - definitelly NO and also onn 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218 present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 present Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 present - even though sutures are obliterated'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 almost but absent'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - I think yes but the sutures have not been scored on site'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141. could be answered on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 45147'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 and Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Uhen p. 37 Fig. 24 - bad illustration but contact appears to be present'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Whitmore'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; actually appears to be absent in this taxon'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=186 TEXT='not well-preserved enough.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 - seem to be in contact where they can be in contact'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 complete'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 complete'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - cannot see sutures; Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 show that the bones do not touch - inapplicable?'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218, for the length of the suture it is complete ( the suture is short)'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - sutures fused but complete'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 complete'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 just slightly incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 incomplete - hard to homologize - but some area of noncontact on right side dorsal view'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 complete for all the common borders they share.'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 partial'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number complete'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 complete'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) pretty much complete - maybe a tiny bit of separation at the front - but essentially complete'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - the suture appears barely visible on the right side'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='-'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 and in T. meminna AMNH 200098 not continuous'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 and Gazin plate 6 - not illustrated from top'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Uhen p. 37 Fig. 24 - no part where the bones are adjacent but not touching.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Whitmore'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. very complete'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, anteriorly there is a part where the bones are adjacent but not touching'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=187 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 squamosal, pointed dorsal processes'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent - check Geisler''s scoring Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Kogia pl61 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH NO NUMBER'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult absent; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 23 seems flat, Fig. 34'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Whitmore - a little hard to interpret but no substantial process'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41) - present (even if reconstructed) Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3) - absentAppears sexually dimorphic'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=188 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 the zygomatic arch flares up a bit but not quite a protuberance'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Stony Brook speciemen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 present and directed inferiorly Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Van Beneden and Gervais plate 45S'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH NO NUMBER'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - absent on right side'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 and Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult absent; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult absentTragulus napu AMNH 102872 and Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult absent; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 23 seems flat, Fig. 34'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Whitmore'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Archaeotherium platyops AMNH 6389 - holotype AND a subadult with erupting M1 (cabinet 5.9/5.26)Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) - has decent sutures'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=189 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent, ventral edge of bulla is dorsal to occipital condyles'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - at same level as occipital condyles'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 - intermediate - even with bulla'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - no inflation'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 present bulla is ventral to the occipital condyles'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" can safely say it is absent even though this specimen has broken condyles Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - no data in photo - bullae removed'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 ventral inflation present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Kogia pl61 - not shown but would be ventral to occipital condyles'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 no specimen with the bulla and petrosal in place but it seems like it could not have protruded'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 6'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, state 1 at same level'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='no good illustration but combining Uhen Fig. 43 and Fig. 39 it seems to hang ventral somewhat - this may be apparent also in the reconstruction in Fig.n 7 but too vague to tell'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Janis and Scott, 1987 (Table 3) p. 26 say not inflated (may be a little tricky distinguishing states 0 and 1)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. not very far below bulla but somewhat'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326; roughly same level as occipital condyles;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), estimate based on size of bulla'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=190 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) do not score this but they should have - the skull is somewhat pancaked but the bulla does appear to be largely intact and is just slightly superior.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - well developed'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 well developed'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519, well-developed'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 well-developed'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 well developed'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 jugal well-developed'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" well developed Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 weel-developed'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 well developed'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Van Beneden and Gervais pl 45s'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 small'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 probably small or absent but no information in specimens or pictures - check Kogia paper'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 splint'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 well-developed'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number well-developed'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, well developed state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 well developed'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - well developed'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) well developed'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 state 0; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, state 1 small or absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Hyopsodus sp. USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Figure 7 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Whitmore'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=191 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Eq cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Tapirus terr terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=192 TEXT='this is the best illustration of this feature - no good lateral view.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - there is a depression (no foramen) in the lacrimal and partly the jugal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200no pit just a large hole wit a wide entry'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519, absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" defintiely absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa babyrousa there is a very shallow depression but not a pit -absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 lacrimal fossa absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Kogia pl61 I think absent but a little hard to homologize'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - note cannot really see the lacrimal on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number lacrimal fossa: present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - possibly present - but this indentation in the area may be deformation'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0 Inia Plate 33s Van Beneden'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 , could get a better specimen'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Janis and Scott, 1987 p. 26 Table 3 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=193 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent - there is a slit instead'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 - among lacrimal, nasal and frontal'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200these bones do not touch - and there is no foramen'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 and 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present, small'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent; some sign of this in Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) but closes in adult'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 81899 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Kogia pl61 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - oddly there is a small opening in this are but I can''t tell if this should be trusted as a real opening.'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent, a little unclear but probably absent'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 and Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 not present - does this have to do with their age??? Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 26 - absent and Fig. 23'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Janis and Scott, 1987 say absent (Table 3, p. 26)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=194 TEXT='RR208'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='frontal, nasal and lacrimal'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 looks like max, lacrimal, frontal and nasal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 frontal nasal and maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912, inapp'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 max, lac, frontal , nasal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number - max, lac, nasal, frontal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='.Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - entirely within lacrimal; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult skull with bulla attached, juvenile, M3 not erupted and dP4 still in place.Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 apparently inapp'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. and maybe even part of jugal'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, no nasal'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=195 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 lower'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) even'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 lower'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910EAM is higher than anterior extreme of the zygomatic process and lower than the posterior extreme'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519, even with the zygomatic arch'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 lower'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 even'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" higher than zygomatic Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 higjer'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 even with zygomatic arch'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 lower'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 seems not to have a connection between the jugal and the squamosal - taken'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - clearly lower'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 below zygomatic process - very slightly Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number lower than zygomatic arch'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, lower state 2'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130198 even with zygomatic process state (0).'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis even (but a little unclear because zygomatic is detached)'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 even'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 - even - low - a little hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) even with zygomatic arch'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 probably left'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) about evev'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) lower'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 either even or lower - zygomatic is not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 probably even but no zygomatic arch so a little tricky - can see where it would have articulated based on stump of jugal'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. hard to tell but does not look incredibly high'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, this is truly a little hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 slightly higher'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, lower state 2 - however given the angle of the zygomatic process in whales this may need to be modified to be a comparison directly with the rear of the zygomatic process'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - higher technically - could also consider even'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='H. minisculus Gazin plate 11; also Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 in part'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='very difficult to tell from his monograph but either even or lower'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; even with zygomatic although hard to see on photo state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. clearly higher'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, even though long it remains in the range of the arch'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=196 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - with facial process - contra Geisler and Uhen - this has an A-P elongate lacrimal facial process.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 with facial process'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200big ass facial process'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519, with facial process'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 with facial process'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) present - can''t be seen in adult'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, suture faint, but state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" present Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 and AMNH100670 (juvenile) large in juvenile'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 facial process present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 clear facial process'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 cannot see lacrimal suture'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 suture unclear - possibly some facial process but no sutures to confirm'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 lacrimal has a facial process AMNH 35680. Messenger and McGuire say that the lacrimal and jugal are fused which would make it difficult to score this character, however, AMNH 35680 has a visible lacrimal (partially - suture is partly maintained).'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - not clear - possibly fused on dorsal surface'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 cannot tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 with facial process'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number with facial process'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - present state 0'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis facial process present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 cannot see this on specimen - however shown by both Geisler and Luo as small but larger by Zhou et al.'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141. - probably could be seen in this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - no sutures are clear'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) with facial process - height- width equal'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). they are clear in text about lack of facial process'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 facial process'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847., Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822 - can see part of suture on right'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - no sutures at all'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 with facial process Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Inia Plate 33s Van Beneden and 209103 - cannot see sutures'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Gazin says it is a little bit ; see H.paulus USNM 17421 - PLATE 2 decent sized facial procedss'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Kitts page 16 says it is not very big'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Zygorhiza kochii USNM 11962 - present state 0, Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566. This has a large facial process.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, see also Pearson pp- 87-88'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, not clea in picture but definitely in text'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=197 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) length greater'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 greater length than height'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519, greater height - I think - would not be bad to DOUBLE CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 - greater height than length'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 greater height'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) similar height and width; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 which is older - height greater than width'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Pickford 1983 discusses some of the literature on this and Cebochoerus; Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" seems that length is technically greater (A-P) than D-V height but the bones is pretty irregular shaped- the lacrimal actually looks sort of pinched out in this specimen almost as if it no longer contributes to the orbit wall - Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 - equilateral triangle'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - although shape is pretty tricky'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 length greater than height'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Messenger and McGuire say that the lacrimal and jugal are fused which would make it difficult to score this character, however, AMNH 35680 has a visible lacrimal. But the shape is totally hard to tell. AMNH 35680'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 cannot tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 very hard to score but similar height and width'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number - pretty similar long axis and vertical axis'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis length greater than height'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 cannot see on specimen despite being drawn in Geisler and Uhen and in Zhou et al. (although a bit differently in each). They show as taller than long.'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='probably visible on YPM specimen'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type), see also Szalay and Gould figure 7.'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - height and width equal'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 the lacrimal is sandwiched in between a large jugal and a frontal - can tell that it is there but hard to tell size'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822 - seems the height is greater than length but not easy to see'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319, essentially square'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 similar height and width'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421, Plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Uhen does not describe in text pp55-56 - Fig. 26 it looks like the facial process is elongate'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3 - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566. This has a large facial process.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. essentially triangular shaped height is slightly greater but I am going to consider these essentially equal'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; similar, especially on the left side'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), although drawn in, this seems to be an estimate.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Pearson figure 9 height greater than length'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum - cannot tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=198 TEXT='RR211'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - tricky but measured from the anteriormost part of the nasals --- over diastema (space in this taxon) anterior to P2'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 in the P2 area'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200at incisive foramina'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 posterior to P2'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892, very anterior'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 (anterior or over canines) at incisive foramina'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - between P1 and P2'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 need to know tooth loci'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 0 - over canines'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 anterior to canines Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 over incisors'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 anterior to canines'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110 distal'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 distal to all teeth'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 over canine - but pretty hard to score in general'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - anterior to P2, well anterior to it, over the long diastema. There is not canine and no P1 and they end also well anterior to the infraorbital foramen.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis anterior to canine'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 over canines'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141. Coudl probably tell on original'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - this is relatively far anterior but not totally clear'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - over canines'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) over canine'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 can see tht it is anterior to P3 - but unclear where extactly'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, anterior to canines'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, just anterior to canines; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, anterior to canines.Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, just anterior to canines; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, anterior to canines.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 GAZIN plate 6 shows the nasal over the incisor/canine area'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209 - relatively far forward - this is a cast - should check accuracy'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 23 - it is about halfway between the tip of the snout and the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3 - although this is half way along the snout, these criteria put it in this category'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566. The taxon has reduced anterior dentition but the nares are far forward'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. over canines'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941 - in canine/incisor area'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=199 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook present and in orbit'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present within orbit MVZ 55146'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Geisler and Uhen list this as absent in both hippos, however it does seem to be present - or there is an odd, small hole passing through the anterior margin of the orbit in the specimen that Gatesy lent me'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Geisler and Uhen list this as absent in both hippos'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - three of them'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent although there are foramina on dorsal skull - they have never been called lacrimal foramina'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - looks like two inside orbit'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - inside orbit'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent (out of view) Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Kitts p. 16 says it is within the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 26'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326; AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), p. 286'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, controversy on this discussed in text'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, shows a line with no label - I think this is it'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=200 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent, only one foramen and it is on the inside of the orbit.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 present - slightly merged'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent, MVZ specimen has one on the inside and the outside'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, not sure how to characterize this yet - there is a canal in this lacrimal foramen area that passes from inside to outside the orbit. On the left side of the animal there are two on the external face and on the right side only one. .'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - there appears to be no lacrimal foramen in the classic sense - there is a foramen deeper into the orbit.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - three total - may need to compare to the artio one in the end'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent; AMNH 81804 - present (two foramina)'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Kogia pl61 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 -present - second hole is in the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319 - I think there is a small second foramen'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent (out of view) Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 absent - totally fused cannot see any sutures'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Uhen FIg. 26 - really not clear - Uhen describes three channels in lacrimal ??? but no discussion of what these are relative to the artiodactyl condition'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='vAgriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=201 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) say 2 - but I could not corroborate easily.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) opens within orbit'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200clear lateral opening'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 laterally but there are two and one is sort of within the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 - opens laterally'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ 55146 one on lateral wall one inside'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) and Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 opens within orbit'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, there is just a small slit in the actual orbit margin with one hole on each sdie'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284within orbit - small slit'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 opens laterally on antorbital rim'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 seems to pass through orbital wall - there is one on each side of the orbit and'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 completely within orbit Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number open laterally'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 opens laterally state 0, second hole is inside orbit'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 not sure if this is present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 opens within orbit posterolaterally'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - state 1 opens in orbit'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23740'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 26 - opens laterally'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=202 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius - essentially on rim'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) does not extend to frontals'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 - does not extend to frontals'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910contact clear'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519, does not extend to frontals'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 does not contact frontals'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) and Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - does not extend to frontals'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 0, no contact'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - does not contact frontals Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 does not contact but just barely'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='fused - very unlikely that there is contact'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 do not contact frontals'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 do not contact frontals'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='xZiphius AMNH 24410 contacts frontals'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Kogia pl61 Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 does not extend to frontals'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 do not cotact frontals'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number does not contact frontal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 15824 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis does not extend to frontals'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 does not contact frontals'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) broken but can say that these bones do not contact'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - premaxilla sutures are hard to see but the bone should be there because there are incisor sockets'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310, state 0 does not extend to frontals'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='I think so but need some guidance on the sutures'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - hard to see but I think it doesn not contact frontal'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24 and 22 - no contact'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Figs. 1 and 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, there is a long extension of the frontals'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=203 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook, clear tubercle'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108, there is a facial tubercle'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899; this almost blends with postcanine muzzle constriction'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Character in question is #3 in Boisserie Fig. 2. Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 1589.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Tayassu MAR 8, borderline but presetn'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432, very borderline'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405. borderline but pretty convex'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number, almost there but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721. This crest is subtle but present.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892 - seems angled'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 - one specimen is ambiguous but I think it is broken'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='AMNH 72189'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 4'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.s 102'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 - this is a pretty weird homology because the flange on the zygomatic really ends up looking like a facial crest'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='FAM 100041'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 absent Plate I, a bit borderlin'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=204 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990, Fig. 53 , a bit ambiguous'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - retracted strongly - large portion of the premax is anterior to the nasals'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 - retracted strongly by this defition - that the entire premaxilla is anterior to the nasals'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 same distance, see also AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 retracted strongly'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 all of the premaxilla is anterior to the nasals'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, retracted moderately, state 2'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Pickford 1983:2087 mentions the expansion of the premax in hippos - not sure what he means but this could be interesting - this really has to do with swellings around the incisor alveoli; Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - retracted moderately - not as retracted as in whales but there is a decent amount of premax anterior to the nasals'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 project to same distance'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 project to same distances'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 retracted strongly'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, retracted, scored as 2 most of the premaxilla is anterior'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis retracted strongly'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, nasals are poorly preserved, almost looks like they only come to midway along the snout but then there is an extension forward.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 retracted moderately'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 22'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. hard call - I don''t know if any taxon has them all the way equal with the premaxiall - making these just barely retracted'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=205 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Ovis Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryc'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='type specimen and Gingerich et al.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='probably posterior but a little poorly preserved'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - posterior to anterior orbit margin of orbit'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). looks slightly posterior in drawing but it is indicated tentatively'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 at anterior orbit'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847., Fig. 5'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822 - very clear, excellent sutures'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17421, Gazin plate 2-2'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24 and FIgure 22 - really seems to be anterior or right over anterior margin. - seems to be just superior to the lacrimal - check what Uhen and Geisler said about it.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 585, also Pearson Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) - very, very slightly distal; AMNH 39127 - anterior and right at border'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; right at the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=206 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Ovis Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 and 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 present but very small'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 present just posterior to nasals in the frontal'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='holotype'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - very dicey guess from photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). p. 25'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - this is present but highly reconstructed'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 34 - present'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 585'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, poorly illustrated but mentioned in the text'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=207 TEXT='RR2207'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 touching posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Ovis Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus separate'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910very clearly separate'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 touching'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 separate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987touching'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 touching posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1 touching'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - touching and then split anteriorly towards eyes'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 separate - varies some in male and female'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 separate'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 separate'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 separate'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 touch posteriorly but no crest, see also AMNH 17951'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number separate'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, do not form a crest state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis touching'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 touching'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) need to recheck specimen'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) a little hard to tell but most likely touching'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - subtle and damaged but appear to be touching.'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383), these are really large, not sure any other taxon has this kind of thing'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - they are not entirely separate for the whole length, touching slightly posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, separate state 0'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 34 - present'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 585'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=208 TEXT='crests are not visible'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) nonexistant'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200temporalis ridges are separate and they are totally subtle and understated'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 large'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 short'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, short 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Pickford,1983:206 says hippos have a more marked sagittal crest than suids; Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - the sagittal crest is pretty subtle and small though - in some suids the temporal crests do not come together. Score hippo as small'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Kogia pl61 large'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent 2 - note that in the male and female the temporal crest situation differs - they touch in males but not in females'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 sagittal crest nonexistant (negative) temporal muscles meet on sides'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis large - somewhat damaged but I think this best describes it'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 large - tall'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - broken but tall'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 - not complete'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 small - short but not clear if this is the full crest'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 34 - present'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH585 in part but also Figure 9 in Pearson 1927'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, I guess tall'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=209 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 convex'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 convex'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - it is convex for its short existence'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912; convex'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 convex'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott - looks flat'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. unclear'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -convex, at least anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319 - very slighty convex (almost flat)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='FIg. 34 and Fig. 7 - seems to slant anteriorly from the distal extreme - and to haven a fairly straight shape'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. not sure if the entire crest is here - is more like a seem only with no real shape other than the contours of the head; Scott does not illustrate, on p. 15 he says this is low but does not describe shape.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; a little tricky - convex first and then concave'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=210 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed)'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - small projection from frontal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 - small frontal projection over temporal fossa - VERY TOUGH CALL, RECOMPARE WITH CHOEROPSIS'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present - zygomatic not visible in dorsal view'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 -'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 - present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 supposed to be absent-small - borderline and hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 presen according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent - a bit trickey'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas - very borderline - absent.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis nothing particularly enlarged about this but there is definitely a small projection of bone'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - borderline but looks present'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, this area is completely artificial on both sides - better not to score anything'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent; may need to clarify difference with postorbital bar, which is presetn'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, temporalis crest continues anterior onto the frontals - present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH181411, check MM - this looks fundamentally different than in odontocetes'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17980 - Gazin plate 1 - almost no supraorbital process at all.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209 AND 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen - present'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Scott - Figure 1 - present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), borderline, looks pretty small'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Pearson Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, seen from below'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=211 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 - covers the zygomatics essentially'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - small projection from frontal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 - small frontal projection over temporal fossa - VERY TOUGH CALL, RECOMPARE WITH CHOEROPSIS'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present - zygomatic not visible in dorsal view'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198, blocks zygomatics'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235;'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - not expanded out over the zygomatic arch technically'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrussa (correct spelling) celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='pretty borderline but seem in line with some of the ruminants'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='these look a lot like the condition in Artiocetus - which is on the minimum size for large'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, temporalis crest continues anterior onto the frontals - present'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209 AND 55267'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Pearson figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=212 TEXT='not enough data'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - gracile'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus - it is actually present in this taxon as much as in many whales - MM do not score it this way. Bos has a lip that hangs over the temporal fossa.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519gracile'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 - even thought the process over the orbit is big - it is very separate from the temporal muscle area'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 region over orbit projects but not lateral to glenoid - so I guess state 0'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Kogia breviceps (AMNH 35912) present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 also MM'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - there is something present --- it looks pretty different than things like hippos, but there is a lateral jutting nonetheless. In this animal the orbit has a flattened horizontal plate of bone.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis gracile'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 gracile'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) gracile'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) not at all as developed as in whales'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent - just looks like a typical orbit.'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - pretty ambiguous here - does go right up to the back of the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 gracile; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult - both absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, present state 1 - not too sure about the description better viewed from view 6'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata AMNH181411, check MM - this looks fundamentally different than in odontocetes'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209, as in many of these taxa this loops around the back of the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen - I think absent - certainly does not look like extant odontocetes. MM have as "?" but I think this can be scored'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1, I think absent because this looks like land mammals'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, the temporal lines touch up against the bone at the back of the orbit.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Pearson Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - typical of artiodactyls -'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, kind of a sharp ridge behind the orbit but not as derived as in whales'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=213 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - it is more than one time longer but not quite two - possibly revise character'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - it is only about 1.5 times longer --- absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent according to these criteria'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910state 1 on the long side but not a whale'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - they are the same length'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 about equal'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199 about equal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" - long - area anterior to orbit is not quite two times longer than area posterior Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - about 1/3'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present - about 1/3'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Kogia pl61 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 0 long.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent by these criteria'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott - anterior and posterior to orbit is about the same'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) potentially could be measured on this specimen but it is in pieces'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. They are about equal'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - the two areas are about even'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Baleen something AMNH 42752, elongate, state 2'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='PLATE 11 Gazin. H. minisculis'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Fig. 7 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. the two areas are essentially equal'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 585'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127, Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, the two areas are of almost identical length'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig 17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=214 TEXT='there is no dorsal photo for this.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook - essentially equal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH NO NUMBER'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='scan Phil''s reconstruction'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - face is short'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) area anterio to anterior orbit margin is shorter than area posterior to anterior orbit margin'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='lateral skull Inia Plate 33s Van Beneden'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM5714872'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 585'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=215 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook, ventral just barely'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Giraffa 14135 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, essentially level'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Tayassu MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa - approximately level'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='USNM 267958.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 244110, dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 - ventral just barely'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='AMNH 72189'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103, not entirely ventral but largely'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 4'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Kitts, 1956 Plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Uhen 2004 slightly dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582, dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 Plate ii'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=216 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990, Fig. 53, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Giraffa 14135 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898,'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Tayassu MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='USNM 267958.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='AMNH 72189'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487, just barely'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Kitts, 1956 Plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 absent Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=217 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990, Fig. 53, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Giraffa 14135 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108, actually does seem to be posterior'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898,'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Tayassu MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='USNM 267958.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='nee photo'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405. just barely'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721, just barely'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 NO BULLA PRESERVED'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 - a little hard to tell in drawing which is really bad.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='AMNH 72189 - the glenoid is anterior but the postglenoid process overlaps the bulla'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2 bulla is not in situ but based on its size would clearly have overlapped glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='probably anterior but the bulla is not shown in situ'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, only the most distal part is slightly posterior'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=218 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 absent Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910 - seems dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Giraffa 14135 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898, - essentially level'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Tayassu MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - spans the height of the palate'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Helohyidae Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='AMNH 72189'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487, a little hard to see in picture'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990, Fig. 53, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=219 TEXT='no good data on this'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Giraffa 14135 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898,'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674, Tayassu MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa - I think absent but not completely clear'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432, a little hard to tell but looks absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='I cannot really tell on photos - area not preserved in AMNH specimen'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='hard to tell in Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300, not clear from picture - should recheck specimen'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='need to check specimen'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 - just really hard to tell from illustration. Boisserie et al. say absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - these are present and clear anterior to the canine'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822 - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, very clear, between I3 and canine'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='AMNH 72208'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Kitts, 1956 Plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Uhen 2004 - see Figure 24 - there are clear lateral embrasure pits for the lower canine'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 present, Figu. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='not sure from photos'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394 - very clear in this taxon'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 - absent - slight ambiguity - but pretty certain this is absent'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='FAM 100041 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Brunet 1968 - hard to tell in photo - looks like potentially yes'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 - present - p. 78 and Figure 53'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=220 TEXT='Boisserrie says absent - seems weird to me but I cannot tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 - I think so but it is a little hard to tell from the picture'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Giraffa 14135 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898,'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Tayassu MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432, looks present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='can''t tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405. --looks present in picture'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458, this area has a small fold but no real depression. Tricky homology'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - too deformed to tell.'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 - not preserved, and photos of Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 are not good enough to tell'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='need to check specimen'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 - possibly - I think present but hard to tell. Boisserie et al. say absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 - the entire palate is depressed - not sure how to code'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - present I guess - that whole area is slightly sunken, not quite limited to the area immediatly between the canines'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Uhen 2004 - p. 35 none mentioned'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; has a sort of vaulted palate'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='drawing is very nondescript'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, very clear in this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='FAM 100041'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Brunet 1968 - looks absent in photo'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 absent Plate I'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 - not mentioned pp 77-78.'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=221 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Boisserie says present'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Oyrcteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Giraffa 14135 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 15898,- this disagrees with Boisserie'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674, Tayassu MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='AMNH 74485 Tursiops'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='UCMP pal 93169'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='no info for these characters really'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 no info'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 - nothing seems different about this premaxilla --- plus there aren''t enough specimens to estimate how frequently it would be lost'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - there is no clear suture (possibly due to bad prep work) but there are incisor sockets firmly attached to maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='AMNH 72208'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Kitts, 1956 cannot tell from picture but it is mentioned on page 15 and no discussion of it being loose'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='need to check literature this is broken in many specimens'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394 - must be strong although suture is not visible, the incisor sockets are there'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582, partly broken but present'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=222 TEXT='visible in Bonarelli picture and Gaziry but I cannot really tell'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 single'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) single'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=223 TEXT=',Bos taurus MAR 15 double'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910one'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 single'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 single'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present and single - Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 (double - this is a juvenile - probably an exception)'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" single'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 single'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 single'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 double on both sides when looking into foramen'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 multiple'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 single'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number single'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - can''t tell from photos - Phil''s reconstruction shows single'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 single - very clear on left side'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) single'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) single'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Geisler scores this and Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - they reconstruct it but there is no information about its anterior opening'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 single'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, huge'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 single'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 multiple'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - check specimen - photo looks like two foramina in maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209 and 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566; Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; single'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig. 17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='RR208'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=223 TEXT='not labeled in Schmidt 1913'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 a'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='visible in the Gingerich reconstruction'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, only visible on left side and is over P3'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=224 TEXT='MS DISCUSS - cat is inferior to orbit'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 over M1'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) over P3'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 over P2'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910over M1'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 over P4'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 at P3'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 at P3 or anterior'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 over P4'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 right at P4-M1 - closer to P4'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" at P3 - P4'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - over'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 over P4'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 over P4-M1'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 over P4'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 at distal aspect of "dental" (actually no teeth) part of upper jaw'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 anterior to P3'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number anterior to P3 and over diastema'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas - clearly over P2'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094, over P2'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 over P4'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) at P3'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) over P4 (clear on side out of picture)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='the large tooth in the picture is the canine'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 anterior to P3 at P2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 over DP3 - same in Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 which is an adult and has P3'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 at distal aspect of dentition'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209, really over P2-P3'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Uhen has this essentially over M1'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='anterior to P3'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. over P4'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), at P3'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, over P3'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 - just anterior to P3'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, over P3'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=225 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present - there are two of these'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200there are tiny vascular foramina in the squamous portion of the bone in this place'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 present at parietal - squamosal suture'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 - there is one - also in 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - one on each side'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present state 0, Novacek says these are not present in artiodactyls, he also dissects out the sinus itself. Check that this is right.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 there are holes all around the EAM - some are superior close to the place between the squamosal and the parietal others are inferior to the EAM - they are variable in number and position'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - apparently two holes hear squamosal-parietal suture'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Kogia pl61 absent - I think -check a specimen'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present - RECHECK'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0 present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; - present - one of them'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 some very small holes in squamosal not sure if homologous to some of the huge ones out there Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 absent; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent;'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 181411'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp. ; Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 34'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. there is a hole on the dorsal surface of the glenoid fossa and a hole at the posterior part of the parietal; no specific mention in Scott and not in FIgure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), none illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, absent; but in AMNH 585 and in Pearson Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=226 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - dorsal view Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - there are about three in each specimen but I think these are squamosal sinus canals'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='present in Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 some small ones - very small'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 present and 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, several very tiny foramina are present over the eam, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 abseb'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='AMNH 73315 Monodon - present; AMNH 63987 present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Kogia pl61'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - this has either a piercing pgf or a suprameatal I think the former and then has a giant "foramen" above the EAM that is not fully closed. So PRESENT state 0. Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas - present in dorsal view photo'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='none is described in Gazin but this area is not well-preserved in general'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, absent I think - one side has a chipped area there but I do not think this is a hole; Leptomeryx, including this specimen, has a post-temporal canla of some sort though, see Whitmore.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; present on one side of this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) - has decent sutures'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, not mentioned in text (illustration is a slightly different view)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=227 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei, huge'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='parietal intervenes between these bones'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 cleary absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - seems to be present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 - cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='MVZ 55146 Giraffa present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='fused on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='almost impossible to tell due to fusion of sutures'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - absent depending on where it is either the parietal or part of the sphenoid intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 present and small'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='I think absent but a little hard to see for sure in photograph UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - I think absent - the parietal seems to intervene but it is not terribly clear due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) t00 poorly preserved to tell'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - I think present'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 -very far apart'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487, I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Fig. 22 Uhen absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. pretty clear on specimen: absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);, Fig. 2- not enough data'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 (cabinet 5.211) - has decent sutures'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=228 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, parietal intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Equus cab AMNMH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Bos taurus dorsal MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Tapirus terr terrestris AMNH 78519.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='AMNH 81899, Choeropsis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Hippo amphibious AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Ziphus cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 36595'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Tursiops AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721, Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Artiocetus Gingerich'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='cannot tell on Michigan specimen'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786, maybe - very hard to tell - broken right in this area'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Harpagolestes (AMNH correct number 1892, somewhat reconstructed in this area cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Helohyidae Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='looks like it is absent, but hard to tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='AMNH specimen on loan'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Inia skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='not preserved in Kitts'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Uhen monograph'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Kellogg does not illustrate the dorsal skull well but this looks absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='seeral AMNH specimens'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Scott'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='AMNH specimens on loan - essentially the temporal crests split anteriorly but there is not a depression in the frontal - tricky homology'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Russell et al.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Pearson'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='present in several AMNH skulls'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='borrowed AMNH specimens'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 - fig. 16 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=229 TEXT='no dorsal view in the Thewissen monograph'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - small process that juts directly laterally'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910MacPhee does not label on page 60there is a tiny roughened are but that is really allabsent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 present and there are two of these'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present but just a rough area'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present state 1, large too'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - present Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='cannot see on photo need to check'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 - lacrimal tubercle is so faint as to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Kogia pl61 I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present as small flange (not a bump)'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - present state 1, just above the lacrimal foramen'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present - pretty small and insignificant'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - I think present - a little hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH absent - but I don''t think you can see this Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 appears absent but probably should not be scored due to damage'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-78-1572'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Gazin doesn''t mention on USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp. the orbital rim is somewhat broken but I think this is present'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 26 - not clear - seems the surface is removed'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, very small one'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present two of them'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; small on left'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); none is mentioned'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941, incredibly faint but a rough area exists'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, I don''t see much of anything'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, looks like there is a small one'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=230 TEXT='RR208'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - here they do not contact but the lacrimal has expanded far enough forward that there are overlapping borders'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200very clearabsent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 I think absent - double check'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, not clear because too fused. Is not present in CA2423 but again that is a juvenile'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='too fused to tell'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='cannot tell because of sutures'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Kogia pl61 probably absent but need to deal with the lacrimal issue'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 lacrimal not visible because fuse but most likely absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='tricky because of large opening on face - check'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 cannot tell - probably not but sutures unclear'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - this is right where the large broken hole is - not clear. Based on 26301 - seems to be contact - just barely - looks like all bones in this region come together in one spot'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). looks absent, maxilla intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. present in Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, absent I think, a little unclear but on the right side there looks like evidence that the maxilla intervenes'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319 - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Gazin''s Plate 2 H.paulus USNM 17421'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Uhen Fig 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566. - present'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; completely absetn'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Pearson Figures 9 and 10 has this as absetn'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; looks like a really small contact present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, Fig. 17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=231 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Ovis - Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, no canine - but nothing in that area'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Kogia pl61 absent - homology is tricky'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent - has to be scored in males'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 inapplicable - no canines.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135, not really, slightly raised but that is all'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0 - although homologies are hard - it is not over any'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 17421- Gazin figure 2-2'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Uhen Fig 24 absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566. Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, not really, there is an extremely slight thickening only'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig. 17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=232 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 present and complete'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present and complete'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 complete'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 check that there is not a flange'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present and complete'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 present and complete'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - it is present and almost complete on one side Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present as flange on frontal and jugal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 flange off frontal - and jugal but very tiny'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110 tiny flange'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Kogia pl61 and Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present and complete'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number present and complete'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, complete state 2'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 complete state 2'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH - this is characterized as "postorbital process of frontal" will need to check how this homology relates to my states - scored as present'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. possibly present in Figure 1b but really unclear'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, present; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 presentcomplete for both'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421, plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Basilosaurus isis UCMP paleo 93169; state 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, FIg. 17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=233 TEXT='RR209'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - the squamosal also seems to contribute'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - 50%'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200INAPPLICABLE - NO BAR'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 inapplicable - no bar'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576, 81892 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 50-50'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) 50% in both specimens'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 mostly frontal'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 0.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" 50%'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu sonorionsis USNM 52128, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 jugal and frontal contribute evenly (although bar is small)'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 bar is not very big but contribution is even'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110 there is not a fully formed postorbital bar but there is a downward projection from the frontal'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Kogia pl61 what''s there is frontal'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 50-50'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number jugal 50-50 contribution to postorbital bar'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0, 50%'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - entirely frontal'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis inapp'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - no postorbital bar really,- inapp -'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp - no bar'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, mostly jugal state 1; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, mostly jugal'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, Inia Plate 33s Van Beneden jugal makes no contribution bar is incomplete and made of frontal'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Webb and Taylor 1980 p. 135 say this is mostly frontal - check; looks 50-50 in Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=234 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - present'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) can see suture'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 suture present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 -suture is clear so I guess absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 (visible) but AMNH 81892 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 - CLOSE call on this - usually there is some hint of it but some adults fuse up most of this area'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 can see suture'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, present - may depend on age of specimen'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent, can see suture xHippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - need to check'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absen'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110 ventral and lateral views - present no clear lacrimal visible'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Kogia pl61 possibly the case in this specimen it appears to be the case'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - seems more like it is fused to the maxilla - check Fordyce and Mead'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - fused - MM say this also'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 only a little posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 possibly - or possibly poor preservation'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) clear suture'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) there is a suture'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). - it is not clear that these bones touch'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - not clear'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623; no suture'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='H. paulus USNM 17421'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, present'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. suture clear'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); I guess not'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,, a small suture is visible'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - fusion absent, suture is clear'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, Fig. 17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=235 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) - sloping present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 sloping absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576 Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 sloping present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - sloping absent, if anything it slants in the opposite direction'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, both are state 1 - nasals slant slightly forward'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - sloping absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 sloping present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 no nasals'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 sloping present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH NO NUMBER'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, sloping absent state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 I think sloping present - possibly recheck with entire skull assembled'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 sloping present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) yes lower'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 sloping present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103; lateral skull Inia Plate 33s Van Beneden'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209 and AMNH 96274'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus and AMNH 38843 - almost no sloping in either case'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig. 17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=236 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 some of it is over M3'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) posterior to teeth'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 posterior to M3'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 well posterior to all teeth'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 over P4-M1 is closest'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892, over M2'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 over M3'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 over M2 and M3'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - really over M2-M3'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Pickford, 1983:206 calls hippo orbits "above rear molars as in peccaries" vs behind molars in suids - this character is pretty vague and subtle - some of the orbit is over the last molar but some of it is past the last molar Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Pickford, 1983:206 calls hippo orbits "above rear molars as in peccaries" vs behind molars in suids - Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - posterior to teeth - just barely.'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 over M3'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Pickford, 1983:206 calls hippo orbits "above rear molars as in peccaries" vs behind molars in suids - this does appear to be the case in suids. Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - posterior to molars'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 anterior margin of orbit is posterior to teeth'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 orbit is relatively posterior'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Kogia pl61 posterior to teeth'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 over M2'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number over M3'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - over M2 and in in Gingerich''s reconstruction'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 over M2'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) posterior to teeth'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 over M2'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. over M2'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, over M2'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 over DP3; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 over M1'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, posterior to teeth'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. over M3'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394, over posterior edge of M3'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - over M3'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, really is over the posterior part of M2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II - over M1 - M2'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - p. 567 - I can''t see this but they say it is "in an anterior position, above the anterior wall of M1"'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=237 TEXT='MS DISCUSS cat needs new state'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - only a very little bit'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 - very slightly'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Kogia pl61 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975 - present and not that different from odontocetes, pretty subtle'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 12909'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=238 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford (1991): Plate 14'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Ovis - Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 -complete'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 bones not in contact'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 complete in adult - not so in AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 complete'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987complete AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 complete'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 complete'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 full contact'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 not in contact'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 complete'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number complete'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think complete'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 complete'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 12909 - I think complete'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7 and Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1 - complete where they touch'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Whitmore complete'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=239 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 - I think absent but need to check'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - fused'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 - one side is very close but does not really contact'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - they lie oddly adjacent'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH NO NUMBER'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus Gingerich reconstruction'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 10 present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II and Fig. 17 - in combination these look like they do not touch due to the strangely long frontals'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=240 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - I think present but fused in adult'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 cannot really tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 cannot tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 absent - whales do not have this configuration'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 no sign of lacrimal really'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH NO NUMBER'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus Gingerich reconstruction'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 present'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 cannot tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - this is not really the "medial" maxilla but there does seem to be contact with the lacrimal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7 and Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. small but clear'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Pearson Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig. 17'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=241 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174, see also Nickel page 164'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Canis familiaris Stony Brook McN34'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 narrow - the two adjacent bones are the frontal and the nasal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 absent - tough call - closer than in some ruminants - absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 barely visible but present and Camelus dromedarius AMNH 20821 (subadult) clearly present and pretty narrow confined by nasal and lacrimal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, is too fused to tell, CA2423 has contact but very small - possibly would have outgrown as skull is quite immature - check on Gatesy''s specimen'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 cannot tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 narrow confined by nasal and lacrimal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 narrow confined by nasal and lacrimal'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 24410 broad'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 broad'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 3'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 15824 absent lacrimal and opening in the way.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis broad'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 narrow - even though lacrimal is not clear - this contact is NOT limited by the premax in any way so --- state 1'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) I think convex'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) not clear due to hole. In 26301 - contact appears to be just barely present'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - I think narrow'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 present and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 narrow, confined by nasal and lacrimal'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, broad state 0 - although be sure to think through these other non-whales states.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 very subtely convex'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Fig. 23'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);, present although some of these sutures maybe conjectural'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Pearson Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; appears to be absent due to position of the lacrimal'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=242 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - I guess convex because definitely not concave'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Ovis Suny specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 I think convex'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 typical mammal face I guess convex/flat - certainly not concave'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 fla'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 flat'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 flat ?'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Potamo 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 convex'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 flat'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 concave'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Kogia pl61 convex'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number convex'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think flat but angles at nose'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 -'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 - see also Scott 1888'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) flat with angle at nose'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - probably flat with angle at nose'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, they both have an odd large pit over the frontals'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - either flat or convex'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 concave'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 very subtely convex'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 12909'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=243 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - essentially fully inferior'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) orbit is posterior to nasals'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200the orbit does not stick up above the forehead'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 relatively low'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 higher'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 88199'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 technically superior'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 nasals reach a point higher than the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912- inapplicable (no nasals)'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 nasals not higher than orbit'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number - nasals do not reach a point higher than the orbit'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 partly superior'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) fully inferior'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 11 seems to show as fully inferior but I don''t trust this'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Colbert, 1935 says partly superior but I don''t think this is the case, his drawing exaggerates the fossils'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - Colbert suggests it is superior but this areas is clearly crushed - I don''t think you can tell'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 23, FIg. 49'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 has an illustration of the lateral skull that shows more information than the specimens borrowed from the AMNH. He says he bases his work on MCZ 6566. and AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; and Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=244 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 presen'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Scott 1888 Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH flange absent -'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847 and Black, and Colbert'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150 (reference Wilson, JA, 1971. No. 17 Tex. Mem. Mus.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Gazin plate 7 Hyosodus paulus USNM 1176'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Fig. 23 and Fig. 49'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='does not appear to be present in all specimens, sexually dimporphic?Absent in these"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52)"Entelodont" AMNH BH 0-1-26 (Cabinet 52)Present in theseSpecimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, Fig. 38'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=245 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus flange absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 flange present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 flange absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 flange absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 flange absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 flange absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis flange absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 no significant flange'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Scott 1888 Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - flange appears to be absent - partially reconstructed though'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308 - projects very slightly medially'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH flange absent; Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis not well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='(Black 1978 illustrates, BM M-18442, a mandible)'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051, some expansion but not really a flange'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, absent state 0; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 flange absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96283'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Fig. 23 - and Fig. 49'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='The dentary in some species of Agriochoerus is very expanded and plate-like - not a hook or anything but more pan-like; AMNH 38843 Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52); Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryProjects mostly INFERIORLY'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig. 38'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius it projects distally a little'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=246 TEXT='RR212'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910even'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus shallow'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 even'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 1, deep after m3'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 deep posterior'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 even posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 even'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 deepening posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 even posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 even'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='. UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 2 even'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 - state 0 ; Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis deepening very little - absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 even'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Scott 1888 Mesonyx obtusidens2'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) appears to be shallow - somewhat reconstructed'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH "ventral angular process" absent Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fi.g 12'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis - seems to be even'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='(Black 1978 illustrates, BM M-18442, a mandible)'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, state 0; shallow slightly'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 even'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96283'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Fig. 23 - Fgi. 49'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp. kind of borderline but I think shallow'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='AMNH 38843 Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);, pretty even in picture although they call it "deflected ventrally" on page 293'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55330 - deepens posteriorly; Hurzeler, 1936, Fig. 38'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius, some deepening'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=247 TEXT='RR212'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Smuts'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Hippo amphib AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='AMNH 19319 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Ziphius AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no Number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458, hard to see but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - not complete but I think this can be scored on left side'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996, barely possible to score this but I think enough infor to call absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26280'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='AMNH 72186a'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='AMNH 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH 42277'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Agriochoerus FAM 95324'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); absent'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Perchoerus FAM 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, present here but reconstructed, however, a part that is there is actually pretty flared'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 583'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='AMNH 55338'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 does not mention'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=248 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200complicated - there is a hook at the dorsal edge however it is high up not at the angle'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Camelus Smuts Bez.tif'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 angular process dorsal hook: absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Scott 1888 Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) shallow'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis - a little hard to tell not fully preserved on this or 26281'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='(Black 1978 illustrates, BM M-18442, a mandible)'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, absent, no angle, no hook'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96283'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Fig. 23 - Fig. 49'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='AMNH 38843 Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig. 38'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=249 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200deep'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus shallow'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 deep'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, shallow, 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 deep'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, concavity shallow state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis shallow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Scott 1888 Mesonyx obtusidens - shallow, pretty typical'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) shallow'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 12'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 shallow'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487, absent - shallow'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96283'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Fig. 23 - Fig. 49'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='AMNH 38843 Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryINCREDIBLY SHALLOW AND WEIRD LOOKING - like a derived whale'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55330 - shallow'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=250 TEXT='RR153'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible - just barely present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent (0)'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent - does not hook distal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not enough infor'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 12'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis - slighly broken but probably did not hook distal'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Uhen p. 72 large'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp. a little cracked on this specimen but present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55330'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=251 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200small'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus small'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 small'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, small'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 small'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 small'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 small'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 large'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 large'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 recurved'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 small'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, small state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis small'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 small'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - forgot to photograph this.'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987)., not described or figured'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 12 - poorly preserved though'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - Technically this is not visible - however, if it were large there would be a large space for it - and there is a small area covered with matrix or some kind of paste that is probably the mandibular foramen'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult - small state 0Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 small'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 large'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96283'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Fig. 23 - Uhen shows now photo of lateral mandible'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus - could use more prep'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); no figure or mention of this but it has to be small or they would have mentioned it'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH 1263 - a juvenile but very small'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55330'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius, not figureed but certainly small'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=252 TEXT='RR153'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200recurved'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus curved'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 recurved'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, recurved, 1'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - slightly ambiguous but certainly not as curved as some ruminants'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - recurved but just barely so'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 recurved'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 curved'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 straight'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 straight - not oriented like the ungulates that have this though'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 recurved'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 recurved'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, recurved state 1'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think relatively straight but this is a vague character'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 recurved'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) not preserved on the photo I have'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='AMNH 102091 Tragulus'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 straight'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Fig. 49'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55330 - relatively straight but Hurzeler, 1936, Fig. 38 recurved, the second is a better specimen'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=253 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200very high *important for bogus functional arguments'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus superior'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 substantially superior'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Camelus Smuts Bez.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, closer to even with than superior to'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 superior'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 superior'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 superior'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 even'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 below'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 substantially superior to dentition'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 substantially superior'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, superior state 2'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019; Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 superior'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis even'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 even'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Scott 1888 Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - technically reconstructed but one can tell where it is'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308 -even'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 12'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - it is broken off'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 supperior Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, state 2'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 even'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96283'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Fig. 49 Uhen - borderline'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55330'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=254 TEXT='RR153'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200tall'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus tall'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 tall'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Camelus Smuts Bez.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 short'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 short'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 short'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 short'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 short'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 tall'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 two'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis short'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - normal (Short)'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Scott 1888 Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) tall'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis tall; AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp. borderline'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872; sticks up about 1 cm above condyle and is recurved - TALL'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 short'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487 - looks like this from the picture - check'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96283'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus - extends slightly above condyle but is pretty short'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55330'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=255 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible - one visible in picture - should check'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 three on one side and one large one and one really small one on the other side of the same animal - pretty irregular - some specimens have five'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus one'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 one'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Camelus Smuts Bez.- three'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235, looks like three'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 three or more'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='152858 AMNH Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 seems to be at least two - some specimens have three'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 719319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 convex'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - three, four or five'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 three or more'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 -two'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - two but possibly more??'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 three on one side two on other'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). at least two from drawing'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis three'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 one'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 more than three'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487 - looks like this from the picture - check'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109- two to three'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Uhen p. 72'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 text says 7'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary- has oneThese vary and have two where it can be seen"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52)"Entelodont" AMNH BH 0-1-26 (Cabinet 52'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2 - not visible in illustration, not mentioned in text'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, fig 12b'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55334 - one under p3 and one under the incisors'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=256 TEXT='not that clear in the image but they have 2-3 mental foramina'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200small rounded hard to describe deal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, has an odd shape'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 concave'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 convex'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - strange shape'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 convex'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - check - scored from photo'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 convex'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 convex'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 convex'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 concave'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 convex'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas - looks like the regular ruminant shape - sort of concave but No PHOTO'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 barrel shaped'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 concave'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Fig. 49 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123 - hard to characterize, almost flat, I guess concave to some degree'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH 42277'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); Fig. 1 - looks convex in line drawing - no description'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55337'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 15279'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=257 TEXT='should a 'flat' go in here?'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Nickel Ox mandible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200I clearly dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 ddorsal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 mostly dorsal but has a posterior part - CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 direction - dorsal (posterodorsal)'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 posterodorsal'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 19319'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 posterior'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 postero-ventral'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 deal with later'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Harpagolestes AMNH 2308'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - it is oriented in multiple directions but I think predominantly dorsal'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='AMNH 188310 Tragulus'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 posterior'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Fig. 39'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Scott, Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55337'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=258 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 - postorbital'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Janis and Scott,'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Orycteropus Afer AMNH 51910'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Giraffa MVZ 55146'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='AMNH 81899 Choeropsis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='absent - Janis and Scott'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='absent - Janis and Scott'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 - no informaiton - Hassanin and Douzery'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 technically you cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Colbert'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='AMNH 188310 Tragulus'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Janis and Scott, 1987 p. 19 absent; Leptomeryx sp. AMNH 39123, absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=259 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 - postorbital'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 postorbital position; Giraffa MVZ 55146 - Janis and Scott 1987 say that these are sometimes on the frontal and sometimes on the parietal but list them as "postorbital" Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='AMNH 81899 Choeropsis'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 - no informaiton - Hassanin and Douzery'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=260 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 unbranched'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 not forked'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent - check Geisler''s scoring absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 - the core is not forked'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes, not forked state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=261 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent, 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent - check Geisler''s scoring absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='UCMP Z 134219, Cervus elephas nannodes, absent - they have antlers'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult - absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=262 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200either inapplicable or absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Janis and Scott say present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Janis and Scott p. 10 say present in Giraffa but absent in bovids.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=263 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Janis and Scott say absent in bovids'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Janis and Scott p. 10 say present in Giraffa but absent in bovids.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200either inapplicable or absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Janis and Scott say present - p. 10'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Janis and Scott and Hassanin and Douzery'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Janis and Scott p. 10 say present in Giraffa but absent in bovids.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2 and Figure 3.'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 inapp; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872, inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=264 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=265 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2 and Figure 3.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=265 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2 and Figure 3.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=265 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=265 TEXT='Janis and Scott'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=265 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2 and Figure 3.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=265 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=265 TEXT='Janis and Scott Table 2 and Figure 3.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=266 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=266 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=266 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=266 TEXT='Janis and Scott Figure 3 shows some tip of keratin - however Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2 says "skin covered" and Hassanin and Douzery repeat this character.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=266 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=266 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=267 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=267 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=267 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=267 TEXT='Janis and Scott Fig 3'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=267 TEXT='Janis and Scott 1987 Table 2'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) tall and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='SB MAR 15 Bos'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910low and wide'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus tall'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 talla and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='tall and narrow Camelus dromedaries 201157 tall and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, low and wide 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - tall and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 low and wide'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 low and wide'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 whaleshape - hard homology issue'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 tall and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, tall and narrow state 1 - pretty borderline in some ways'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='taken from the way Hassanin and Douzery score it.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - tall and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) tall and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 tall and narrow'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=268 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, whale shape??'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 -absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='. Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 abut'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 absent - basing this on their scoring - the nasals are a little knob-like here but I guess that is different'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Fig. 24 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Whitmore , 1953 p. 146'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=269 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519- abut each other but cannot see this'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 has something weird'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 maxillae abut frontal'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 abut'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 odontocete condition - maxillae over frontals'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912, according to MM they abut'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas - negative evidence - but I am pretty sure this is absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - I think absent but hard to illustrate'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Tragulus meminna AMNH 200098 - has a lot of the cartilage on the front part of the snout and there is no bone in this'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103,over frontals'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='not mentioned in Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and 129209'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53717'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; I think'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=271 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 - angled back'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) relatively vertical; the most pronounced part is actually horizontal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 straight'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200MacPhee does not label p.64seems pretty straight'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 angled back'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 144915 straight in dorsal view'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 lateral margin more anterior than medial margin'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, angled, state 0.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - taking this to be the center roughenings - these are angled back in side view'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Potamo 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 angled back'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 angled back'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 angled back in dorsal view'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Kogia pl61 angled back'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number straight'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 0 angled back.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 pretty straight - some have indentations but neither the medial or lateral margins are more distal'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis angled back'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP - lateral margin more anterior - however skull is crushed and this is a little uncertain - CHECk in literature and compared to Mesonyx'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - broken'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - lateral margin is anterior or equal'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - NEED PHOTO - this may be the best of the mesonychians'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 not enough information'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 angled back'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - only partially preserved'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102872, vertical - state 1; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 angled bac'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 angled back'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Not sure from pictures'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); this is not straight but indented but the edges are still equally distal'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Pearson, Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 and Archaeotherium AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, really hard to tell accurately from picture'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=272 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 relatively straight'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) lateral margins are more distal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 obliterated'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200straight'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519medial more distal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 not visible and also not visible in juvenile AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 - fused'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 narrows then becomes a straight, blunt suture about 1-2 inches long'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 sutures fused - cannot see'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - too fused'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 medial margins are more distal than lateral margins'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 medial margins are most distal part'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 medial margins more distal than the lateral ones'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - slight elongation of the lateral border but really not that pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 straight'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number lateral margins more distal than medial margins'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, angled state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 FUSED; A. americana; AMNH 130200 (subadult, part erupted M3)- straight'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis angled back'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 cannot see sutures'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319, almost straight but some medial extenstion'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 straight'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Uhen Fig 22 - slightly borderline with point but longer lateral border'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Agiochoerus wellsi AMNH 1490.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); I don''t know if what they have drawn is made up or not - it is essentially straight'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 585, essentially straight'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, medial margin slightly more distal than lateral margin'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus - looks essentially straight'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=273 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 point'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) gently pointed with small space in between'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 mediolateral borders even with indentation'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200medial and lateral borders equal with indentation'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519point'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 longest at medial border'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 longer lateral than medial border'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 longer lateral border than medial border'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - longer lateral boreder'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, blunt - and different from Hippopotamus'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" longer lateral border than medial border - this varies in HIppopotamus - in a survey of specimens at the AMNH some are a flaring point'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - tentatively state 1 but this is fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 longer medial border than lateral'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 longer medial border than lateral one but also gently rounded'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 although stubby there is a longer medial than lateral border'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - really hard to tell because of the strange shape of the nasals'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - slight elongation of the lateral border but really not that pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 longer medial than lateral border'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number medial and lateral borders equal length with medial indentation'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, longer lateral border state 2'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 2 (but subtle) - a little hard to characterize, see also Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - i think blunt - gently rounded'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 longer lateral than medial border. Seems to be broken on left side'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) seems blunt but probably with long lateral border - preservation is suspect'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - almost looks visible, as if it stopped half way down the snout'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49781 Merycoidodon sp.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 medial and lateral borders equal length with central indentation'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, I think blunt but this is hard to assess because of the way this bone grows from the inside - I guess blunt'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 96274 (very clear)'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Fig. 22 Uhen - this is intermediate - so tough to tell which category it goes in'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53717'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. very clear'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; really clear'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Pearson Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Elomeryx AMNH FAM 10041'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, looks like there is a short lateral spike'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=275 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) elongate'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 this is a fairly typical mammalian pattern'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) - I guess elongate - typical of artios and perris'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" elongate A-P Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='fused but clearly elongate'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 elongate - even though sutures unclear'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 compresse'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number elongate'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis elongate'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 A-P elongate'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) elongate'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 10'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 antero-posteriorly elongate'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 compressed'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 12909 - elongate'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Fig. 34'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Whitmore 1953 p. 146'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=276 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 present - these are kind of small though'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - a few small ones - this relative but I guess present Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - there are certainly some of these - two medial to the supraorbital foramen - absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - sutures fused so a little unclear - but absetn -only very tiny holes'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - not clear what bone is the parietal'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent; some have multiple outlets for the supraorbital foramen but I think this is different'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084 - there are some near the squamosal-parietal suture but not within the parietal itself'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and AMNH 96274'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='UM 101222 Uhen monograph - convergent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH uncatalogued 611-26621'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. there are some'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 585'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Scott does not have these but they are present in 1249 and possibly 582'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=274 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) convergent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Bos taurus MAR 15 strongly convergent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200divergent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519divergent then convergent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 essentially parallel, lateral margin is rolled onto side of face'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 divergent then convergent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) widely divergent - fused in adult'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, state 2 convergent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 strongly divergent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='fused'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - sutures fused cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female - divergent - listed as widely butn need to double check'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - essentially parallel - slightly CONVERGENT'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 parallel'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 essentially parallel'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - pretty much stays parallel'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 subtle butPontoporia AMNH 254554 and Pontoporia AMNH 205922 both have convergent nasals'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 - strongly convergent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number parallel or slightly divergent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, state 2 convergent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 2; Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis convergent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 convergent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 - need to check on specimen - scored from photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) widely divergent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Fig 5'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822, very clear'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 parallell or slightly divergent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, slightly divergent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='UM 101222 Uhen monograph - convergent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='AMNH uncatalogued Leptomeryx DICK 33-1417, suture is somewhat faint and needs prep but they look clearly wide and divergent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. divergent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Agiochoerus wellsi AMNH 1490 convergent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull); not clear if they made this up or not'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Pearson figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, appear to be divergent and then gently ocnvergent'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=277 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - present - not very pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='1Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Sus (probably scrofa) AMNH - AINS - 435, subadult, unerupted M3'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 pretty small but present - also slightly sunken beneath the nasals'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 nasals are separated by an incursion of bone but I am not sure what bone it is'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - I think absent pretty clear'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310,present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103,present suture is invisible'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='UM 101222 Dorudon atrox Uhen monograph page 37 - clearly separate'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='AMNH uncatalogued Leptomeryx DICK 33-1417, appears to be yes - could use better prepe'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Agiochoerus sp. AMNH FAM 99274,'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Pearson FIgure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=278 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II, not very pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 20821 (subadult) present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='1Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - there is a weird unidentified bone in the nose area that does contact the frontals though'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number - present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 14019 state 1; Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) possibly - need to check'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 frontal not preserved but the distal nasals are'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Ambulocetus from TWRH scoring. no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 12319'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310,present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103,present suture is invisible'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='p. 54 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='do not have a specimen illustrating this but based on Whitmore, 1953, p. 146 this must be present'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), Fig. 5'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Pearson Figure 9'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=279 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 there are tiny foramina in the frontal over the orbit - in size these are indistinguishable from all of the other tiny foramina there.? present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519check though because supraorbital foramen is also apparently absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 there are some very close to the midline but do not appear to be the more lateral ones although these are illustrated in Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - present Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female presnt'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon monoceras'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent - no foramina in frontal'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I do not see this -I think the preservation is decent enough to assess this too'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141- my notes say absent - seems to be absent in mesonychians'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) possibly - need to check'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - do not see one and the skull is well-preserved in this area'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Ambulocetus from TWRH scoring. no data'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - nothing seems to be coming out of the frontal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='P.54'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. mayb even be two'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Archaeotherium platyops AMNH 6389 - holotype AND a subadult with erupting M1 (cabinet 5.9/5.26)Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus, present and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249 not present'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=280 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present but very subtle - actually have to touch them to perceive'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200there are depressions along frontal and even continuing onto nasal'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519check though because supraorbital foramen is also apparently absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198;Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 -absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - not incredibly strong but present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899, absent 0'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 25455-'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas nannodes, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141 inapp - no supraorbital formina'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - visible particularly on the right'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, present; Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present; Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 subadult, present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, inappl'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Fig. 24 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='-'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. present but faint - there are some next to the midline foramina'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Archaeotherium platyops AMNH 6389 - holotype AND a subadult with erupting M1 (cabinet 5.9/5.26)Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; absent Scott says even when foramen is present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=281 TEXT='these are in illustration but not that clear in photo -'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910there are some tiny foramina in the premaxilla not sure if it makes sense to homologize these'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - inapplicable Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Whitmore, 1953 absent p. 146'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Archaeotherium AMNH 39127 - unerupted M3 (cabinet 5.41)Archaeotheirum mortoni AMNH 1481 (cabinet 5.3)Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=282 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910there are some tiny foramina in the premaxilla not sure if it makes sense to homologize these'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - inapplicable Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 equal'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - seems to be only present on right - but MM say this is supposed to be on the left and larger on the left???'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 equal size'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 equal'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=283 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 both anterior and posterior'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent I think - need to recheck'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 abseny'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number ab'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Fig. 24 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=284 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 absent accoring to MM'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 abseny'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number ab'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=285 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - absent and possibly inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Kogia brevicesp AMNH 35912 absent according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 present accordign to MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - and MM say NOT roofed by lateral expansion of maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Luo and Gingerich (1999) = IVPP 5253, Figure 5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 this is different from other whales - it is somewhat expanded but not a full roof - this follows MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Bal acuto USNM571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=286 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 symmmetric'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 symmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - symmetric Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 asymmetric'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 asymmetric'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - I don''t see asymmetery in this species'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) symmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, asymmetric state 1, very slightly'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=287 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 facial asymmetry absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315, very weak though'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present and right structures larger'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - the face - anterior to the nasal opening is symmetrical but posterior to it is asymmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 virtualy no asymmetry here'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 abseny'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number - absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=290 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 supposedly absent - seems a bit ambiguous'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - probably absent even given what is there'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822 - but this and the other specimen have a convex area in center of frontals'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=291 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 -'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315, subtle - symmetric according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absen t'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=292 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892 and 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - symmetric Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 symmetriv'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315, subtle - symmetric according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - symmetric according to MM - essentially looks symmetric to me'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 essentially symmetric'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 0'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='do not have a good specimen for this but based on WHitmore most likely symmetric (1953, p. 146)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=293 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) lateral'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus lateral'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 probably 0 but the character needs some clarification'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 - do not contribute'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 lateral'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987lateral'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 lateral'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - lateral'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 lateral to opening'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 lateral'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 lateral'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 MM say this enters left narial opening - not sure if I can see this so clearly'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 lateral'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis lateral'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 lateral'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) not labelled but must be lateral'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 lateral'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 latera'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='do not have a good specimen for this but based on WHitmore (1953, p. 146)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=294 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) do not contribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus do not contribute'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910vertex is vague but this is typcial mammal not the whale condition'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 do not meetat the caudal extreme but do at the rostral extreme'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 so not conribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 do not contribute although sutures cannot be seen;Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14108 sutures visible here in this subadult - do not contribute'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - do not contribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - completely fused - but probably absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 do not contribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 do not contribute to vertex of skull'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 in a general sense relative to normal mammals - yes'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 contributes to vertex - although not to very top of skull.'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 do not contribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - do not contribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 do not contribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) do not contribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 do not contribute to vertex of skull'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 do not contribute to vertex'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Fig. 24 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1, 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='do not have a good specimen for this but based on WHitmore (1953, p. 146)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=295 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) dorsomedial surfaces do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 do not meetat the caudal extreme but do at the rostral extreme'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892, and AMNH 173576'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 dorsomedial surfaces do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14108 subadult do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - completely fused - but probably absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 - do not contact'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 not in contact'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Kogia plate 20 Van Beneden and Gervais I think absent but hard to tell; Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 49781'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 do not meet'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 do not meet - contra MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Fig. 24 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=296 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910no bosses on any part of the premax'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 226741'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 - differs from the whales'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315, polymorphic according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent - there are crests - but these seem to be different - present according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent, and according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 absent according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 absent according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Fig. 24 absent Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1, 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='do not have a good specimen for this but based on WHitmore (1953, p. 146)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=297 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910abse nt'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14108 subadult absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315- not clear in picutre MM score as polymorphic'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 there is a clear fossa on the left - the right is flat and undistinguished'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 absent MM say absent too'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 present according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - absent according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - probabaly absent but not easy to see suture'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 present, MM scorea as absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Uhen monograph - IS THIS RIGHT??'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1, 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='do not have a good specimen for this but based on Whitmore (1953, p. 146)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=299 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='separate Stony Brook specimen - actually not even touching.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent; Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - absent according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - MM have this as absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - probabaly absent but not easy to see suture'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='do not have a good specimen for this but based on WHitmore (1953, p. 146)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=298 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook; - fused in adults'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='separate Stony Brook specimen - actually not even touching.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus visible'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 fused but suture is clear???? not sure how to handle this'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 separate'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 separate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - fused here but shown in Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987- possbily an extrapolation from the juvenile'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899,'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - the suture is visible - so I guess "separate" Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female separate'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 separate'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 clearly separate even if hard to photograph'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - can see suture'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis is visible'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 separate'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - I cannot see these but it is not clear whether this is due to prep work or fusion'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - one side looks separate the other is invisible - this could be preservational'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 separate'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 fused somewhat in parts'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3 shows sutures'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='do not have a good specimen for this but based on WHitmore (1953, p. 146)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull), I think fused looking at their illustration,'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, suture is clearly visible'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, it is visible'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=300 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook;'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='based on MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='based on MM - MM say no but this has an expanded lateral margin of the maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='MM treat this character differently - as only "pneumatic maxillary crest" - however there is a maxillary crest that is non pneumatic in Pontoporia'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absnt'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent - MM say no but this has an expanded lateral margin of the maxilla'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - Gazin plate 6; H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=301 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook;'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - absent and or inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 present according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='MM say present in Platanista only'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=302 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook;'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 present according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 absent according to MM - not entirely sure what this is'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='MM scoree as a question mark for archaeocetes - probablky absent but figure out what bones this is supposed to be in.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Leptomerxy sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=303 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Equus caballus MP55 Stony Brook;'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - probably absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987; absent Camelus 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Choeropsis 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis AMNH 152861female absent; Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - very deep'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absen'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think absent but check'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 22. absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Leptomerxy sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=304 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 - absent - no notches'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 -absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987; absent Camelus 14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Choeropsis 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='absent4-23-04 - I have no idea what these notes are about Hippos have this. yes they do Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 -'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - very deep'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think absent but check'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) probably absent need dorsal photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Leptomerxy sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=305 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Kogia plate 20 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - Fig. 10'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Leptomeryx DICK 33-1417'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=306 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus two'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 two'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 two'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 two'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 two'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 ossified'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Kogia plate 20 Van Beneden and Gervais absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 not ossified according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 two'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 not ossified'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=307 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus two'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 two'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 two'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 two'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 two'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Choeropsis 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - two Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 two'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 two'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:49 two are lacking; Messenger and McGuire say no nasal bones present and give reference. Kuzimn 1977. NEED TO CHANGE ON DRAWING'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 two'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis two'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 2'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) two'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 two'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 two'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and AMNH 96274'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Whitmore 1953, p. 146'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=308 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - no'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519no'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 no'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987no'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Choeropsis 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 no, not labelled'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 seems to be present - this obviously differs from what MM say'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 no'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 no'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 -DIFFERS FROM MM CODING'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 no'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 no'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) not constricted'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) no'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 no'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 not constricted'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23084.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and AMNH 96274'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53717'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=309 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus constricted'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519not constricted at proximal base'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 not constricted at proximal base'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Choeropsis 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - I think not constricted Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330 seems to be present - this obviously differs from what MM say'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 not constricted at base'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 not constricted at base'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 -DIFFERS FROM MM CODING'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - pretty subtl and lame but present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 constricted at base'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis not constricted - see also illustrationg in Science'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not constricted'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) not constricted'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) not constricted'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 constricted'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 not constricted'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24 - does not have the indentations that Barnes describes'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=310 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 - not transversely compressed according to this definition'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Ovis - Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos technically absent because narrowing beak begins more distal'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 present to some degree'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Camelus AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Choeropsis 81899 - present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 just barely'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 244110'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Kogia - literature'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) probably not but need dorsal view'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 present just barely'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, present state 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 absent by the definition'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - and plate 4'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. according to this definition absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=311 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Ovis - Stony Brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='USNM 267958 Monodon present?'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Kogia plate 20 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - absent - narrow the whole way'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 -'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, it bends in but this has been dealt with in another character'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=312 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Equus caballus Stony Brook MP55 does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Ovis ares, no number, Stony Brook specimen (with petrosal removed) palate does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15 - does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='UG 2001'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 99493 does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 check photo but I don''t think this is really applicable in artios'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 posterior to last tooth'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" posterior to last tooth there is a constriction'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa palate does not narrow posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 the antorbital notch represents a narrowing - but no teeth for guide'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Ziphius sp. AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912, does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH no number does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 narrowest part seems to be anterior to P2 but this is different - does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) does not narrow'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 - plate6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Leptomerxy sp. AMNH 39123 absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355; Agriochoerus sp. FAM 95326;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=313 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Kogia plate 20 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) telescoping absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 I think enough info'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 absent even with what is there'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 -'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Leptomerxy sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=314 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus anterior'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987anterior'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 anterior of rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 anterior extreme of rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Kogia plate 20 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) telescoping absent'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) apex of rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Leptomerxy sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=315 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus anterior'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 state 2'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 anterior of rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987anterior'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 anterior of rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 anterior extreme of rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 apex'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - checl with MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis anterior'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 ant'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) anterior of rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) apex of rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 anterior or rostrum'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, apex'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - chck with MM''s scoring'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747 -'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 24 and page 45'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Leptomerxy sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=317 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 roofed by the nasals'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 exposed'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - checl with MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 exposed dorsally according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 also the scoring of MM'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas roofed'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens YPM 13141'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) most likely roofed by nasals but need dorsal view to confirm'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Fig. 10'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 roofed by nasals'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 exposed'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata USNM 571487 - chck with MM''s scoring'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='probably separate - MM score as "?"'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH uncatalogued 611-26621'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7394,'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=318 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus separate'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 separate'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 separate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987separate'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 not labelled'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 fully separate'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 separate'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 fully separate - confluent according to MM -scored following MM but check??'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='scored from MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - this differs from what MM have'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254554 - clearly fully separate'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - cannot see this'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - cannot really tell, Szalay and Gould say fully separate in AMNH26301'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 fully separate'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, fully separate - according to MM confluent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='scored from MM'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 22 - anterior and posterior'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; Scott has some odd comments about the ethmoid'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=319 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares present - need to use both photos to figure out'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='MAR 15 Bos taurus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 antero-posterior'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 201157 typical'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 A-P'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432 A-P orientation'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 24410 vertical'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Kogia plate 20 Van Beneden and Gervais vertical'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Odocoilesu virginianus AMNH 217692 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis anterior'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) anterior'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 16141 used for skull, illustrated in Coombs and Coombs'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Brachyhyops wyomingensis Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) - over M1-M2'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Merycoidodon sp. AMNH FAM 0-84-1623;'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 vertical'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='40. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis, AMNH- Mammalogy 209103, state 0'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='H.paulus USNM 17421 Gazin plate 2;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 55267 and AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Leptomerxy sp. AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Russell et al., 1983 (skull)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 53 P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=320 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Note - Equus canines are only present in males (source, Sisson, 1911)^nEquus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryc'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Tapirus terr terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 202438 yes'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 (female) - sexually dimorphic'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='No lower teeth in Monodon monoceras.'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Odocoilesu virginianus AMNH 217692 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='alveolus may be present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition; Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius YPM-PU 18711'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Gazin, 1968 - present in all taxa'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710, the canines are small and grouped with the incisor (fourth teeth together at the anterior part of the mouth).'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. FAM 73745; Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=321 TEXT='AMNH 13362 has a i1 alveolus, i2root, i3, C, p1 alveolus (single root), p2-m3.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101 edentulous but - clearly small based on alveolus'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris about twice'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 202438 same size as incisors'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 subequal in size; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 they are larger but not enormously so.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 twice as large'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 equal in size to one incisor and much larger than another'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - did not track datat on dimorphism'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH 152861 & 152858 sexually dimorphic - one large one equal'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='152858 - male 152861 - female - sexually dimporphic - twice as large in males and same size as incisors in females.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Sus scrofa 57325 - need to check sexual dimorphism'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni53661AMNH mammalogy very large'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='AMNH 19319 Monodon monodon absent'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Ziphius has one tooth - enlarged relative to what? pretty small - MM say present but I think these are too small with a broader sample'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 35912'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Odocoilesu virginianus AMNH 217692 same size'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - not preserved. Unless this can be assessed from the alveolus which is preserved. Some long canines can be gracile, however.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - twice'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition; Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius YPM-PU 18711'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='they say large but there are no incisors and the canine is not illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis hard to score, canine broken and incisors absent'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145, partly reconstructed but clearly large'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 - same size as incisors - the weird thing is the large P1'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 subequal to incisors'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Gazin - 1968 p. 47, although no species mentioned and no good illustration'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, they say "larger than I/3 and also p/1, but it is still a small tooth" p. 157 - but looking at Plate 1 it seems in range of the incisors'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. FAM 73745; Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Scott, 1941 - sort of a guess'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, no incisors; but Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2 shows one that looks much bigger'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius, barely twice the size'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=322 TEXT='AMNH 13362 has a i1 alveolus, i2root, i3, C, p1 alveolus (single root), p2-m3.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Bos Nickel Fig 246'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 inapp no canine'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 202438'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152858 - male; 152861 - female'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='MoschusAMNH46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='not enough information'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. They do not seem very pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 - essentially no - small space but not really a diastema'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Gazin plate 8-3, Hyopsodus walcottianus USNM 14654, alveoli only, a little hard to tell.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 55109, some space but not really'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - small diastema present'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. FAM 73745; Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483not a substantial or clear one'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2, a little hard to tell from picture but there does not seem to be significant diastema'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, not clear plate 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=323 TEXT='AMNH 13362 has a i1 alveolus, i2root, i3, C, p1 alveolus (single root), p2-m3.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 202438 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 prsent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present between c-p2'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152858 diastema present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni53661AMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present between i3 and p2'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I think absent or at least subtle - double check on cast'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 borderline - but absent'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 - essentially absent - there is a small space but nothing more than that'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Gazin plate 8-3, Hyopsodus walcottianus USNM 14654'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. FAM 73745, present but very small; Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) - bad figure but appears absent'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=324 TEXT='AMNH 13362 has a i1 alveolus, i2root, i3, C, p1 alveolus (single root), p2-m3.AMNH 13371 specimen shows an i1(one on each side), i2 alveolus, i3 alveolus, c alveolus, a long diastema, then p1. The diastema is much longer than in AMNH 13362.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Bos Nickel Fig 246'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris spatula-shaped'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 spatula - shaped'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 spatula but has a mitten like quality'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - boderline but has a flattened part'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 spatula shaped'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - borderline - but is flattened'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageniAMNH 53661AMNH mammalogymore pointed than spatula shaped (i.e., they do not flare out at the tip) but this is a tough call'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 spatula shaped'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 narrow and pointed'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - I think conical but no good photo'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius UM 75501'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878 and 1892 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 narrow and pointed'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Gazin, H. paulus plate 7 and other species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. FAM 73745; Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentaryArchaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55330'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=325 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Ovis stony brook -too worn to tell'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Bos Nickel Fig 246'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryc'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris spatula-shaped'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 spatula - shaped'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 spatula but has a mitten like quality'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - spatula shaped'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 hippos have one lower incisor - calling this I1 - based on Stuenes (JVP 1989) it seems that I3 is lost - I guess I2 also in the lower dentition of Hexaprotodon.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - boderline but has a flattened part'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 spatula shaped'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - borderline - but is flattened'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageniAMNH 53661AMNH mammalogymore pointed than spatula shaped (i.e., they do not flare out at the tip) but this is a tough call'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 spatula shaped'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 narrow and pointed'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - I think conical but no good photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. only alveoli preserved'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - crown not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 narrow and pointed'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Gazin page 47 says ''narrowly spatulate'' - no species given'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 55109, without question spatula shaped'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710, hard to tell but they do not seem to be well-developed spatulae'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus, not fully preserved but they do not look like spatulas'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, p.157'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745 - not a spatula, so essentially a blunt point'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52)these teeth are oddlyl spread at the base but pointed at occlusal surface'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12, they see to have a slight spatula shape'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=326 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius, looks spatulate but really not a great drawing'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Bos Nickel Fig 246'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryc'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris spatula-shaped'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 spatula'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 actually'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Eltringham says that some fossil Choeropsis have all incisors (p. 40) - hence "hexaprotodon" - modern forms have one pair (tetraprotodont) or sometimes two pairs. I am calling it I1; Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - I think conical - after wear they are apparentely triangular but this is probably borught out in wear character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - a little strange and stumpy but I think spatula shaped - certainly not pointed'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152858 - male narrow and pointed'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - more spatula than point but not a great description of this'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni53661AMNH mammalogythe tooth when worn forms a blade but it starts out in the shape of a bent cone'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 spatula'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 narrow and pointed'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 narrow and pointed but not figured'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 narrow and pointed'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Gazin page 48 - says more narrow than the spatulate i2 - but does not illustrate or name species.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 55109 - only root preserved'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Scott suggests that there are two incisors - p. 12 but does not specify what he thinks the homologies are'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, plate 1 - looks spatulate'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745; Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52), more like the canine than like an incisor'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, very hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=327 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius, looks spatulate but really not a great drawing'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH14108'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130201'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874 cannot really tell- Boisserie et al. say closed roots'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='AMNH 72186a'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Kitts, 1956 Plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Uhen 2004 - describes incisors but no mention of open roots, does say roots are bulbous'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, illustrates these, likely to be closed'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, this specimen has incisors - technically cannot see root in cross section but this is not likely to be a set of evergrowing incisors'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Agriochoerus FAM 95324 - this has broken roots that look normal'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Perchoerus FAM 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='AMNH 693'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=328 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 Fig 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='SmutsSmuts'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235, tricky homology - see comparison with Camelus'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899; essentially lateral, only very slightly posterior'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Hippo amphib AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='AMNH 15258 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432, predominantly lateral'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1874'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='AMNH 72186a'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Kitts, 1956 Plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 figu 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Agriochoerus FAM 95324'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Perchoerus FAM 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='AMNH 693'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936 Fig. 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990,'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=329 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis cone shape'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52), a recurved cone shaped tooth'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2 - this is a little hard to describe based on picture'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980 - really hard to tell; Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2 - looks caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12 - not compressed , somewhere between a blade and a cone'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=330 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 2007 based on RR 80 which only has a p2 and p3 and alveoli - I think this should be a ?.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 -'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Bos Nickel Fig 246'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 mitten-shaped'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218,'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 - check this for overal consistency (where being measured) - Boisseris scores as D shaped'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 -'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152858 - male'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni53661AMNH mammalogythe tooth when worn forms a blade but it starts out in the shape of a bent cone'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 conical'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas - has a slightly spatulate look but very narrow'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - slightly more bladelike - hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius YPM-PU 18711'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis cone shape'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. hard to tell in picture but triangular according to Boisserie'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 very hard to categorize - it is and elongate blade but with a wide base'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Gazin p. 48 (does not name species)'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109 (two complete dentaries), Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96278'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7 and page 30 and Fig. 19 - Uhen does not mention any and I don''t see any'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710,'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp laterally compressed and flat'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794, also AMNH 73745 It is best described as oval with a flattened distal margin. CHECK WHAT BOISSERIE HAS TO SAY.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, predominantly oval, even the worn ones that have a flattened posterior surface in some parts - this does not affect the overall shape much'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2, pretty hard to tell, I think oval'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2 and Boisserie scores it this way'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=331 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH 78519 looks like only apical wear.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 202438 unmodified'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 it is shaped like a compressed cone - almost with an anterior and posterior ridge'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218, unmodified'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 flat and blade-like'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 flat'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152858 - male; more medial than posterior border'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - is worn at tip of crown (flattened) but not elsewhere'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423 - has a decent wear facet'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878 on the left side there is a facet'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis not complete but does not appear to have a distinctive wear facet'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 - posterior border is unmodified but ANTERIOR border is a sharp blade'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Gazin p. 48 (does not name species) - does not mention any significant wear facets'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96278'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth), p. 157 they describe some wear but not clear that it is so pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794; Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, flattened to a decent degree - not as much as in hippos, more like mesonychids'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, very hard to tell; Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=332 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Bos Nickel Fig 246'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris single'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 bilobed'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 single lobed'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 single'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152858 - male single lobed'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661AMNH mammalogy single lobed'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 single'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 single lobe'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius YPM-PU 18711'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Gazin p. 48 (does not name species) - mentions no extra lobe'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96278'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 19 - looks procumbent on I1 but more upright on teeth that follow that. in Uhen Fig. 7 he shows them as relatively upright.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710, I think single, but it is very tiny and a little hard to see up close'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth);'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794; Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, hard to tell; Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=333 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Bos Nickel Fig 246'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Tapirus terr terrestris AMNH 78519 - not as procumbent as some of the artiodactyls'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 202438'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 procumbent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 81899 procumbent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 procumbent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 procumbent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 procumbent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashIVPP 10760 upright - relatively speaking'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 gently procumbent'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Tragulus napu ant dent AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Gazin p. 48 (does not name species)'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2 - mostly upright, i1 is a little procumbent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth), they describe (p.157) as a probumbent i/1 but a vertical i3'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794; Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, procumbent "Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2, based on part A - seems to be procumbent'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius, look upright'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='Unknown.^n^nThewissen et al. (2007) base this o RR 63 and 80.^n^nRR 80 is a mandible with p2 and p3 - an alveolus for maybe 1 incisor is present and looks relatively A-P in orientation. Not an incredibly good specimen - think this is a bit dicey, alveoli hard to interpret, there is a round alveolus that he seems to be considering as the canine but the p1 alveolus behind it is really dicey. RR 63 is just a tooth, I don''t see how it could contribute evidence here.'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=334 TEXT='a bit iffy...'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 202438'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Hylo no numb; Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36432'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius YPM-PU 19597'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis alveolus'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145 - only the alveolus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 present and huge'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Gazin p. 48 (does not name species)'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Scott, 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3), terrible figure - appears present but can tell nothing else'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=335 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) say they base this on RR 209 which is an upper so I think this is based on RR80 which is an isolated piece of dentary with several alveoli, including one for p1 - but the referral here is really questionable.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: page 102 - they say "monoradiculate" or with equal frequency, two fused roots'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12 -I think one but really hard to tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen - they say one or two but their drawing clearly has one'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=336 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry - not mentioned, cannot tell from horrible photos'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryc'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris inapp'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Hylo AMNH36432'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 short and pointy - ?premolariform'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius YPM-PU 19597 - simple tooth - a stumpy blade - NEED PICTURE'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878 - only the alveolus is preserved'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis only the alveolus which is round but this probably is not a reliable indicator'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 - the shape is tough to characterize has a wide base but is elongate anteroposteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Gazin p. 48 (does not name species) - says simple tapering crown'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7 -'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, somewhat laterally compressed'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=337 TEXT='AMNH 13371 specimen shows an i1(one on each side), i2 alveolus, i3 alveolus, c alveolus, a long diastema, then p1. The diastema is much longer than in AMNH 13362.'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. even though it is not preserved based on the size of the alveolus this is not taller than the canine'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49777 Merycoidodon culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Gazin p. 48 (does not name species)'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Perchoerus sp. AMNH 9794'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=338 TEXT='By looking at both of these specimens it appears that these teeth were close in size.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryc'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Choeropsis 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Hylo AMNH36432'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius UM 75501'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123 from roots'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Diacodexis chacensis AMNH 15672; Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009; Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Gazin p. 48 (does not name species)'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=339 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Diacodexis chacensis AMNH 15672'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, calls it double, p. 866'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12 and p. 13'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 4370'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry - I think two but not mentioned and poorly illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=340 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) - appears to have two'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryc'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Choeropsis 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Hylo AMNH36432'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458, roots'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius UM 75501'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). in crypt'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787,'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Gazin p. 49 (does not name species)'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=341 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - homology is tricky but this is not a small tooth or a spike - present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 81892'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Smuts FIgure 1.12 -- no p/3'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - this tooth is not present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Hippo amphibious AMNH 176118.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='AMNH 152861 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458, unknown'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26280 - absent - there is a really small cusp on the distal margin of the main cusp but that is all'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='D. chacensis AMNH 15672'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='AMNH 9917 - appears to be premolars, loci are a little tentavie but appears to have p2-p4'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='AMNH 72186a'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Kitts, 1956 Plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Uhen 2004 - big triangular tooth but no separate basin'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH 42277'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Agriochoerus FAM 95324'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - very borderline but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Perchoerus FAM 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 583'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Ginsberg et al., plate II - present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='AMNH 55337 - talonid is very borderline -- almost looks like Diacodexis (which is scored as having no talonid) but is slightly more developed.'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990, Fig. 39, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=342 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryc'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Camelus AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Choeropsis 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Hylo AMNH36432'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='AMNH 19319 Monodon mono'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='plate21s Ziphius'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='For Kogia Walker''s mammals says 12-16 in lower jaw, Kogia AMNH 35912 = 14'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 more than 20'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787,'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 - 25'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Gazin p. 49 (does not name species)'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7 - eleven'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, P. intermedius,'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=343 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174 - ten teeth'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 14820 4 teeth'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris, ten teeth'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - seven'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 eleven'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 ; nine'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 - eight'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626; ten'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 9 on each lower side recorded on dorsal mand shot'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 nine teeth in lower jaw'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy at least seven'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='AMNH 19319 Monodon mono'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='plate21s Ziphius'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='For Kogia Walker''s mammals says 12-16 in lower jaw, Kogia AMNH 35912 = 14'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 more than 20'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 eight'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 ten'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas - ten'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - ten'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - I think eleven but definitely more than 7'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 eleven'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423 at least 8'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) probably 11; Dissacus praenuntius PU 16159'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 full set'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878 at least 7-11 - but this is based on a combo of the information from Scott''s "holotype" and the AMNH specimen'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 and 108123 at least 7'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis no incisors preserved (just one alveolus) but all C-M3 teeth present'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 full dental formula (11)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 - 25'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Gazin p. 44 (does not name species) - says all teeth present'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109 - ELEVEN'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53710 - all teeth are present'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 (teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, full amount'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Scott 1941'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a at least 9'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=344 TEXT='Full dental formula - need both these specimens to verify.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51374 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 present = talonid'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284; Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis probably present but the teeth are total mush'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 present need photo - orientation is different than the typcial talonid'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Gazin plate 7 Hyosodus paulus USNM 11766 - and other species in plates 8 and 9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2 - these are pretty blade-like - no real talonid'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=345 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Ovis stony brook'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present (kind of weird looking more crest - like than cusp like)'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy no p3'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='almost certainly absent - mesonychids never have metaconids on the premolars but need to get an illustration'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 5145'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Gazin plate 7 Hyosodus paulus USNM 11766 - and other species in plates 8 and 9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 20 absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=346 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present (kind of weird looking more crest - like than cusp like)'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 inapp tooth not present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy no p3'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 very cresty, but present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='almost certainly absent - mesonychids never have metaconids on the premolars but need to get an illustration'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent, see also O''Leary and Rose, 1995'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). almost certainly absent but technically this is neither described nor visible in the crypt'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 has a broken p3 - this cusp can be very small so probably not enough info to score'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent but there is no data in the monograph - take their word? ok maybe a new referred specimen but nothing that is published'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis small cusp on postcristid'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 - small crest terminates in a cusp (small)'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species - absent - although Gazin page 48 describes the metaconid as present - I think he is talking about something different. Also O''Leary and Geisler score as present - but it clearly looks absent in Gazin Plate 9-5.???'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, has a kind of odd, ruminant blade that Gentry and Hooker call the accessory crest. I am scoring this as a metaconid that happens to be cresty'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Absent - based on bad drawing in Scott, 1891'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 p. 161'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2 - terrible photo, no description but it looks like it is absent'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry - fig. 2 - incredibly bad illustration'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) - they say "not molarized" pictures are terrible but appears absent'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=347 TEXT='RR211 - Thewissen et al. score as absent'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='need a good specimen but even on the worn individual there is an area for a cusp'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present - a tough call - very small and at the end of a crest'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - absent - slightly hard call - maybe double check'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - very small'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy inapp'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 essentially a crest'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 very small'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 just a crest present'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species (Gazin does not comment in the text on page 48) - this is somewhat hard to tell from images - RECHECK'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - looks to me like it is present but these authors call this a "protostylid" - p. 161'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745; very small cusp/crest, however see also AMNH 7391, essentially nothing - will score as absent'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, not mentioned in description - hard to see in picture but appears to be there'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry - cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=348 TEXT='paraconid is somewhat ambiguous, appears to be present at base of tooth at the end of a long paracristid.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 smaller'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris equal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 smaller'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 smaller'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 smaller'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 about equal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy inapp'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 smaller'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 smaller'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 smaller than m/1'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423 - p3 is slightly shorter'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) they are about equal'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis very slightly longer than m1'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 - looks very slightly longer (this is eyeballed)'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - need to compare teeth from right and left sides'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 essentially equal even though shaped differently'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 approximate but it is just very slightly longer than m/1 - go with 120%'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species - looks slightly small'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, about equal'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - tables list them as essentially equal'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=349 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) -- Table 1 - smaller'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='confluent with cristid obliquid'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 I think there is a tiny metaconid'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218, present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 looks present but recheck'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 present'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present - is a different type of cusp though'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). text'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent - Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 text p. 23'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Very hard to tell but looks present'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 present on end of crest'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Uhen p 33 does not mention one and there is not lingual figure of the tooth. Ask Mark or consult other papers.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, I think this has an accessory crest, I am scoring this as a metaconid.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Seems essentially absent based on Scott, Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 does not seem to be in pictures and not mentioned on p. 161'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2, poor photo'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a present'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) - again, they say "not molarized" appears absent'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=350 TEXT='RR211'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris check'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present distally small - possibly recheck'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423 - clearly absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 and PU 16159 - absent had in notes "Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present" but I think this is erroneous - maybe check later'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 text p. 23 present'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051, definitely one'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species - Gazin discusses various cingula (p. 48) but there does not appear to be anything present like that of the cetaceans'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 p. 161'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524; appears to be present'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2 - no mention of this in text cannot see in picture'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, absent, I think'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a present'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=351 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valenp. 226'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 present and small'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH - no cusp - Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 p. 23 they are less firm they say a small one may have been present - leave as a ?'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis present and pretty small'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 - present'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051, borderline but essentially no'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 7; Uhen Fig. 20'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - I think absent - not mentioned on p. 161 and not really apparent in the pictures'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a presen'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=352 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) - appears absent in side view - occlusal view is a little more unclear in their photo'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis aresAMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 present - pretty small'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 - cresty and a little hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) paraconid:present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987)., text'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 absent just a tiny bit of cingulum very anterior'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 p.23'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 - essentially absent although thre is a prominent crest - this may seem like kind of a contradiction to score this as absent but the metaconid as present -- I think the metaconid is slightlymore pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109, essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 20'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 - I think absent - just a crest but check'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - again - these authors call this a protostylid - but I don''t see why.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745;'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2, there is a crest there but it looks absent'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=353 TEXT='Very small cusp at the end of crest.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - there does not appear to be a crest'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present and in loph like form'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, PRESENT but a real loph not just a crest -probably should be a different state'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 there is a crest between the protoconid and the metaconid - present -'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218 there is a metaconid-protoconid connection'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - present - oriented in a very straight mesio-distal way'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='IVPP 10760 - hard to score in mesonychids - but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) the only protoconid related crest is the one coming down the back of the protoconid'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878 -technically too damaged to see'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 ; Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='CM 12079 and cast of mandible (AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, ther are two crests coming off the protoconid'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='I think present based on Scott figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 - I think absent but check'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - no metaconid for this to extend to'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Thinohyus/Perchoerus AMNH 7391, cusps are very bulbous - no crests really'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003: Fig. 2,'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, present - hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a - no strong crest between the protoconid and metaconid'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=354 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent - although consider checking the literature on this - the cusp is kind of wide and smeared but there is no cristid obliqua'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, cristid obliqua comes right up the back, I think that is confluent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 intersects cristid obliqua'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 seems confluent with cristid obliqid'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 - absent in this taxon so inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 seems to connect with cristid obliqua by way of another crest.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - cristid obliqua seems to go to protoconid not to postprotocristid'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='not enough information'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis - essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - I think independent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species, plate 9 - 5 especially - it seems pretty separate'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109, cristid obliqua comes right up to the base of this crest'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 21'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721 - present, there is a connection between the protoconid and the metaconid - they whole area (including the cusp) is a crest; I think it is independent of the cristid obliqua (lateral), however.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='cannot tell this from the Scott drawing'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Thinohyus/Perchoerus AMNH 7391'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 - looks separate but admittedly the illustration is horrible'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, cristid obliqua intersects posterior aspect of postprotocristid'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=355 TEXT='clearly separate, strong cristid obliqua comes to protoconid cusp.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='not enough information'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878 - can just barely tell that it is present'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 small'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - present (very small); AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899 - present and small, twinned with metaconid'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis - essentially absent - in some cases a small cusp'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='AMNH 133569 (NMMP-KU 0267) A. tenuis? (I am synonimizing here)'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150, very hard to tell, worn. But it looks like a small, worn paraconid that is twinned'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051, really small, essentially gone, compare AMNH 1819 which has a totally unworn m/1'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009 absent'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='based on Scott, Figure 1 - I am going to say absent - typical ruminant tooth - very worn in drawing'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 - I think absent - just a crest'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Thinohyus/Perchoerus AMNH 7391, this tooth is very worn. Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392 absent'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='wears quickly - need to see on juvenile like "Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 - refer to molars in general as "tetracuspidate" p. 102'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius - looks slightly atrophied but present'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen, large and lingual'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry, see text p. 290'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=356 TEXT='Many of the adult specimens exhibit a huge amount of wear on m1. Ducrocq (1997:Fig. 3, Nr44101) shows no real cusp shaped paraconid.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris inapp - cusp and crest absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 lingually'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 cusp absent but crest winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 subequal to height of talonid'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy neither cusp or crest'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 crest winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 lingually'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='only partly preserved'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) lingual but check again on original'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878 - cusp is directly anterior - crest is not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - state 0;AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899 - not much of a paracristid'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='AMNH 133569 (NMMP-KU 0267) A. tenuis? (I am synonimizing here)'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 inapp - has neither'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species (although there is not much of a paracristid) - Gazin p. 50 says that sometimes paraconids are present in the early Eocene forms'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220 - I don''t think there is a paracristid on these whales'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Scott, Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, p. 161'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392 - no paracristid actually'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a crest winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=357 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200 hard to tell exactly due to wear'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris subequal to height of talonid'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 subequal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 subequal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 subequal'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 subequal to height of talonid'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy subequal'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 subequal to height of talonid'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 subequal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='only partly preserved'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='absent according to O''Leary and Geisler - need photoIVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) twice height of talonid'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 a little higher than the talonid but nothing remarkable'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 state 0; AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899 - the protoconid is actually slightly higher than the talonid but certainly not as in whales'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='AMNH 133569 (NMMP-KU 0267) A. tenuis? (I am synonimizing here)'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 subequal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220 - technically there is not a talonid to make this comparison - will consider the last two cuspules'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2 - inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721 - scored as subequal but note that the lingual cusps are all higher than the labial cusps on these molars - asymmetrical.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52), slightly taller but not twice the height'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a essentially equal'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=358 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - really the end of a crest'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 distinct'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 - present forms distinct cusp'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='absent according to O''Leary and Geisler - need photo'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) m1 metaconid: present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - present; AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='AMNH 133569 (NMMP-KU 0267) A. tenuis? (I am synonimizing here)'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a present'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=359 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - does not look lophodont to me - seem like separate cusps with no connecting crests but probably is a weird specimen'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - no lophlike connection'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='present according to O''Leary and Geisler 70'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='AMNH 133569 (NMMP-KU 0267) A. tenuis? (I am synonimizing here)'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 28-1009'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109, I don''t think the metalophid is very pronounced on this this tooth, it doesn''t seem to kick in until the next two teeth'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, there is a loph off the protoconid but it does not connect to the metaconid'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a there are strong crests but they go behind the metaconid - to distinguish from perissodactyls.'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=360 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - present - weird though'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='present according to O''Leary and Geisler 70'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH present; Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 p. 23 - O''Leary 1998 did not score a present paraconid - I think there is a small paraconid now - based on comparisons with nalacetus'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis present and really small'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='AMNH 133569 (NMMP-KU 0267) A. tenuis? (I am synonimizing here)'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051, essentially gone, even though there is a hint of one on m/1'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, p. 161 present - they call it "small"'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=361 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris inapp cusp and crest absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 cusp winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 cusp is absent but crest winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 I think lingual but recheck'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absen'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - slightly mesial'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 notched'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 lingual'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) lingual'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 paracristid is extremely subtle - 108123 - it is slightly more pronounced but still subtl'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH paracristid winds lingually -'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 state 0; AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='AMNH 133569 (NMMP-KU 0267) A. tenuis? (I am synonimizing here), it has straightened a bit but generally winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 paracristid winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species - very weak'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392, crest is so weak as to be nonexistant'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=362 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 - more or less equal to the talonids, just slightly smaller'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absen'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='present according to O''Leary and Geisler 75 - get photo'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH - they say absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis - exactly the same width as talonids'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='m1 shows this but not m2'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - maybe in a very subtle fashion but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220 - absent - in fact it looks like the trigonid is actually wider'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp - they look slightly narrower than the talonid'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a absent on m2 - looks silghtly present on m1'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=363 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares also here there is a small, wing-like thing coming off the metaconid'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 - based on rear homology basined'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris basined'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 basined'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 basined'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 basined'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy basi'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 basined'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 basined'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Artiocetus GSPUM3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent but this is a problem homology that should be reconsidered'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) narrow and laterally compressed'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 basined'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 23-494; and Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=364 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=365 TEXT='Rose, PNAS paper is the source for this'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=365 TEXT='looks very selenodont'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 present distinct'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present as distinct cusp'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Artiocetus GSPUM3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='present according to O''Leary and Geisler 75 - get photo'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH - they say absent - Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 no comment on p. 23 of paper - I think absent (not that well preserved)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=366 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 202438 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Artiocetus GSPUM3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 and 108123 there is a cingulum/shelf there but no cusp'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH absent Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis present and really small'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899 , see also AMNH 15672'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis, present but it is on the cingulum -- this may not always be homologized this way'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150, actually m/1 has one though'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - kind of a judgement call becaus there is a small crest there - but absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2, not mentioned in text on p. 102 but seems to be present in picture'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a - not present in the typcial sense, there is a crest at the most posterior aspect of the tooth that terminates in a really small cusp but this does not look like a hypoconulid cf. m3'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius - present'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen, they do not say that it has one and they do say one is found on m3'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=367 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) - they say "strong" p. 567'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 equal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 midline'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 midline'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 midline'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy midlne'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 approximately equal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 equal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think trigonid higher but really unclear from photo'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 trigonid higher'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) inapp'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH - trigonid twice the height of the the talonid'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis midline'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 inapp?'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109, maybe just slightly lingual of midline'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=368 TEXT=',Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392, essentially midline'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2, looks to be in midline essentiall'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius - a little hard to determine but essentially in the midline'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=368 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3) - a little tough to tell but appears midline'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris equal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 equal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 equal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 equal'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 approximately equal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy talonid and trigonid equal'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 approximately equal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 equal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think trigonid higher but really unclear from photo'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 trigonid higher'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) trigonid higher than talonid'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH - trigonid twice the height of the the talonid; Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899 - double check this.'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220 - hard to tell where the talonid begins - but will consider this the last two cuspules'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=370 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - present on all molars'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris I think absent - but check because it is present in horses'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery say present in "Giraffidae"'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 I think absent but homologies are tricky'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent - a little ambiguous, consulting Christine Janis'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - there is a small - wing-like structure coming off the metaconid - I suppose this is it because there is nothing else that could be'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - check casts - I think prsent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent but this is a problem homology that should be reconsidered'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209105 none'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 various species and page 49 - there is not mention of this cusp and the cristid obliqua goes right up the back of the metaconid anyway.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 - present as a crest-like structure'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524 - all have a small hump posterior to the metaconid, barely a cusp'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, I think present but they are somewhat irregular but see Figure 39 E'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=372 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris I think absent - but check this'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absetn'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 17951 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - check casts - I think prsent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 p. 23 they say present on m2 and m3 very clear'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209105 none'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220 not illustrated or described - ask Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2, hard to tell there seems to be something joinging the talonid and the trigonid but not entirel clear from picture'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a absent'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen, they say absent'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=373 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry - he mentions anterior and posterior cingula but that is all'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - I think that the spread look of the hypoconid here is supposed to be a hypolophid - may want to check against other authors'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - a littel hard to see due to wear but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='AMNH 26280 Gobiohyus orientalis absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 - strong crests but'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 - there is a crest between these two cusps but it is not perissodactyl like'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a - compare with perissodactyls - there are some strong crests but these have to be distinguished from what is in horses'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=374 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris - I guess absetn because of the lophid'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 - stumpy and different from that of ruminants'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - present - long and hooked'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423 - crest between hypoconid and faint entoconid (cusp not really present always but crest is)'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 and PU 16159 present between hypoconid and very tiny entoconid - essentially mesonychids have no hypoconulid - so they just have a postcristid'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 runs off back of hypoconid here'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149 faint on this specimen and 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - really can''t tell'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis present laterall to hypoconid'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 large crest off hypoconid'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109, I don''t really see a crest on the hypoconid at all'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, has one continuous crest in this area - ? I guess present'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Scott FIgure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, p. 161'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52), none'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2A, appears to be present, not mentioned in the text'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, can''t tell'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a not sure how to score this - there is just one crest coming off the hypoconid'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius - cusps are pretty bulbous but there is a faint crest'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=375 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 - I GUESS PRESENT'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 postentocristid absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 complete'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas present as a straight crest'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201 - present but short - comes straight off the back of the entoconid'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis proximal'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 and PU 16159 - nothing like this in mesonychids'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='`'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis there does not seem to be much of a crest here'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 - there is a small crest off entoconid'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 small'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species - absent'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109, I don''t really see a crest on the entoconid either'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, the area has one complete crest - ? I guess present'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 looks like there is a small crst off the back of the entoconid'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - a very small one'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392, this does seem to be present, even though there are few crests on the teeth in general'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2, reall confusing comparing the pictures and text'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a not sure how to score - there is just one crest coming off the hypoconid, but in Hurzeler, 1936, p. 12 the crest connects up the back of the entoconid'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius - cusps are pretty bulbous but there is a faint crest'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=376 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis proximal'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501); O''Leary and Geisler say - present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH present and anterior; Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 p. 23'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 absent; AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=377 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='not sure what this is on Equus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - there is a strange stalagmite-like structure at the base of the lateral lower molars between the trigonid and the taloni it is also present in Moschus but this is near the hypoconid - making it an ECTOSYTLID- I have no idea what the entoconulid could be in this could be in this taxon'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - hypsodont'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 high crownedbut this will need some clarification'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius UM 75501'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - absent; AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Diacodexis secans AMNH 4899'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, there is a small cuspule at the very end of the crest at the posterior part of the tooth - but this is not really an entoconulid, too small, too offset'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Scott FIgure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808- present in crest-like form'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2D - picture is terrible but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a - I am going to consider the small cusp posterior to the entoconid and at the end of the crest - as an entoconulid'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=378 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - scoring the anterior crest as a paracristid'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='recheck this - I think it might be present but need to compare with pecorans'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - very slight hint of it on the lateral surface'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='IVPP 10760 very faint but present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423 - small lingually directed crest anterior to paraconid'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 - at the anterior aspect of the PARACONID - there is a small crest that winds lingually - this is a very faint anterior cingulum'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 present on left'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). text'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - area not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Diacodexis chacensis AMNH 15672'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109, present on the antero-lateral side, winds anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220 - looks absent should check on specimen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, not visible from picture but absent after inspection'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, p. 161 - there is mention of this'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2D'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 55333 on base of m2 present (even though premolars are deciduous in this specimen the molars are not).'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius - present, very clear on Figure 39 C'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=379 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris cuspate'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 cuspate'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 cuspate'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 cuspate'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy cuspate'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='IVPP 10760 - technically no entoconid but cuspate'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423 - neither cusp is really present'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cuspate - although slightly inapplicable as phrased because no entoconid'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH score as cuspate HOWEVER they also score these cusps as missing so this should be inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 crests'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 - even though crests are strong there are distinctive cusps'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=380 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris directly labial'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 labial'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218, slightly distal'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 directly labial'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 directly labial'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 directly labial'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy slightly distal'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 slightly mesial'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 slightly mesial to protoconid'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='IVPP 10760 on m2 slightly mesial'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) slightly mesial'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). essentially labial'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051, teeth are skewed in sockets but essentially labial'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 slightly mesial'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721, very mesial'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Scott Figure 1 directly labial'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius - differs in different specimens - a little hard to pin down'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=381 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 - clearly absent in tragulids'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='AMNH 7402 Agriochoerus guyotianus'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=382 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) I am pretty sure absent - but photo is a little unclear'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808 present'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=383 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878 and Scott''s "holotype" figured in Szalay and Gould - also there is a shearing facet on MEDIAL p4 in Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH present'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 absent; AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 93220 - not illustrated in the monograph or noted - but is in the Paleobiology paper'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=384 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Hippo amphibious AMNH 24284 - the hypoconulid has some texture but that is it.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 152861 Babyrousa - wrinkly enamel but no real cusps'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325, really clear'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432, only one small one'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 17890 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12149'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26280'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='D. chacensis AMNH 15672'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 19574 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 72186a'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Wortman, 1896 Fig 9'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 53785'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH 42277'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Perchoerus FAM 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 583'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='really hard to tell from pictures, enamel looks wrinkly but I do not see the proliferation of cusps that sometimes appears in pigs.'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='AMNH 55338'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=385 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990, Fig. 39, P. intermedius - there are some around distal margin of tooth'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='really cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present, see O''Leary and Rose for general description also'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). text'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123 - twinned and tiny'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 present'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis present and really small'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, actually has a tiny paraconid like m/1 but not like m/2'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Really just ends in a crest'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 100146'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - VERY BORDERLINE - no comment on this in the text and it is clearly very small'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2 call all molars "tetracuspidate" but in Fig.2D it looks like there is a small paraconid'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, looks a little variable but certainly present in some, twinned with metaconid'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=386 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris inapp - cusp and crest absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 paracristid lingual'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157 winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present forms distinct cusp'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 lingual'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 winds lingually'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) lingually'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 state ; AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 lingually'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 100146'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392, unlike the other molars there is a faint crest here'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=387 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 distinct'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 present - distinct cusps'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present forms distinct cusp'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605, present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent - no separate extension off of the talonid'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). they say barely distinct'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 present; AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. ends in a crest little cusp distinction'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 100146'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Scott Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=388 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=389 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 based on rear homologies absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 long and protrudnig'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 201157'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218 - pretty short'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 long'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 long'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 long, protrudes as separate distal lobe'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy long'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 separate lobe'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164 long'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent - no separate extension off of the talonid'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 smaller'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH absent; Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis present and long'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 long'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 100146'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='"Entelodont" AMNH BH 18-537 (Cabinet 52),'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry, text page 291'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=390 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 normal size, slightly smaller than m/2 if homologies from the rear of jaw'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris equal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 larger'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 slightly large'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 larger than m2'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 larger'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 larger than m2'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy larger than m2'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='only has one tooth'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='only has one tooth'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 larger than m2'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis roughly equal to m/2'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 smaller'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) smaller'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).v'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 -essentially equal, m2 is slightly longer'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 larger than m/2'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Uhen Table 6'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='close to equal "Entelodont" AMNH BH 0-1-26 (Cabinet 52)Specimen in Cabinet 54 (lower drawers) no number or ID of any kind in drawer or on specimen - dentary'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry Table 7'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=391 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='AMNH 17429 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 - homodont conical'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='only has one tooth'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='only has one tooth'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent - the teeth are very worn though so it is possible this should be scored as "?"'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) heterodont - to some degree'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - not enough info'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Perchoerus pristinus AMNH 7392'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD 68-1441 and SD 23-494 and SD 25-524'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=393 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51374 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 176118 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no number -absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 164'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094 and 130201'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent - the teeth are very worn though so it is possible this should be scored as "?"'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 17423'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1878'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 108123'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH no data; Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 I think you can tell that these are absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='AMNH 26281 Gobiohyus orientalis absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='AMNH 19756 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='(AMNH 94245) with worn dentition FMNH PM 150'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2051'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001; Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Gazin, plate 8-9 several species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Hyracotherium taprinum AMNH 55109'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Uhen Fig 21 Dorudon UM 100146'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53721'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001; Agriochoerus AMNH 9808'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001 for Elomeryx armatus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001; Cainotherium commune AMNH 10281a'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=394 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.2 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris resembles size of adjacent teeth'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='data from Geisler and Uhen - no species (check their specimen numbers)'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler 2001'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='AMNH 135520. - recurved though'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 sexually dimorphic - males it is long, females it is absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661AMNH mammalogy - elongate and sabre-like(I think in both males and females)'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 sabre like'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas - need to find out if this is a canine or a premolar'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis resembles size of adjacent teeth'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 no data'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001; AMNH specimen has dp4'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='unknown in O''Leary and Geisler (1999)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). - not present'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH no data'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Geisler has no data'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='AMNH 19726 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Pilgrim may describe a dp4 for another species'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1819'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Uhen Figure 14 UM 83902'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Taylor and Webb, 1976 AMNH Novitates #2596 - Fig. 5 page 14 - they illustrate AMNH 39452 (lateral view) which seems to be a juvenile. While this specimen is discussed mostly as a comparison with another taxon they say indirectly that this is just like all other artiodactyls (p. 15)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001 for Elomeryx armatus and Elomeryx AMNH 1263'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001; also AMNH 55333 Cainotherium commune'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001, see also West, 1971 he shows a small sixth cusp but does not seem to consider this significant.'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry, one is known and Gaziry describes but totally unclear on similarities'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=395 TEXT='Very clear in AMNH 13360 - my pictures of this are blurry though.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101 - absent so inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris resembles size of adjacent teeth'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 kind of an in between thing - seems to be close enough to other teeth (although slightly larger)'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 elongate'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='AMNH 135520. - recurved though'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 sexually dimorphic - males it is long, females it is absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661AMNH mammalogy - elongate and sabre-like(I think in both males and females)'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Monodon has (typically) one large upper tooth in males only.'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 sabre like'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='AMNH 18008 Cervus elephas - need to find out if this is a canine or a premolar'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana - absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis resembles size of adjacent teeth'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - elgonate and saber like but not sure about sex'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - based on alveolus'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='AMNH 26279 upper dentition'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) and described by Colbert, 193'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - can tell from root it was large'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96374 (upper teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Uhen Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Webb and Taylor 1980, Table 2 p. 140-141, they list this as "small, fixed" they do not elaborate in the text; Janis and Scott, Table 3, p. 26 list this as "large" , in the sense that a large canine is primitive for ruminants but hard to know exactly what they mean.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355, twice the size, see also Wortman 1895 and illustration of A. major page 146'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, not that big but about twice'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus, larger but not distinctively so'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2 say sexually dimorphic (p. 102) - both states are represented'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Thewissen 1990, Figure 53. P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry, it is large but so are the incisors (except I3) - so I think closer to ''same size range'''; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=396 TEXT='Schmidt identifies the anteriormost tooth as the canine, followed by a long diastema and then P1.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris occlusal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 occlusally directed'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='PIckford 193:206 talks about the "steep insertion" of the canine in hippos; a hard homology - slightly lateral but not as much as in some taxa Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520. lateral'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 dorsally directed'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Pickford 1983:206 lateral in a sense - he discusses this'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy laterally directed'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 occlusally directed'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 occlusally directed'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent - no anterior upper teeth'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis occlusally directed'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 occlusallly directed'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='AMNH 26279 upper dentition'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Although Colbert says occlusal in his 1935 paper -- I don''t think so based on drawings'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96374 (upper teeth) - just the stump of the root but looks occlusal (and by comparison with specimens of other species)'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Fig. 7 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp at a slight anterior angle'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355, twice the size, see also Wortman 1895 and illustration of A. major page 146'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2 - canines not in situ; Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum - somewhat lateral'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=397 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520. absent - I think, however there does seem to be a small alveolus and it is possible that this is variable. Also not completely certain about these tooth homologies - or at least there is not a classic reference.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni53661AMNH mammalogy - not sure about this history of the incisor homologies - considering the tooth an I1'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent - no anterior upper teeth'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - I3 is the only tooth presereved I think'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Figure 7 Dorudon atrox'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Agriochoerus has 1 incisor according to Wortman 1895:147 - he does not propose a homology. I am going to suggest it is I1 - in A. gaudryi MNH 1355, so I3 is absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=398 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris larger'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 it is pretty small but there'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni53661AMNH mammalogy - inapp'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis from the Science article these look pretty equal however they are not preserved in photo - no notes that they were there in the collection - just the alveoli'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 equal'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - same size as I2 but I1 is technically only partly preserved'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - this is tough not entirely clear whether the teeth were found in situ or whether their loci were selected by the preparator. Probably based on even alveolus size this can be scored. I3 is smaller than I2 but the same size as I1'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178 - only very slightly bigger - will put in equal category'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209 - very slightly smaller'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Table 5 Uhen I3 is slightly longer'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Agriochoerus has 1 incisor according to Wortman 1895:147 - he does not propose a homology. I am going to suggest it is I1 - in A. gaudryi MNH 1355, so I3 is absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - tough to tell - looks to be about the same size'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='I3 is equal to I2 but smaller than I1'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus pretty equal'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, essentially equal'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Thewissen 1990, Figure 53. P. intermedius - looks very slightly larger'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=399 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry - smaller'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 there is only one incisor'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218 inapplicable because only one per side'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 it is pretty small but there'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 the spacing seems very small - I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - the teeth are splayed but there is not really any space between the incisors on the bone'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='essentially no - Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Figure 7 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp just barely a little space'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Agriochoerus has 1 incisor according to Wortman 1895:147 - he does not propose a homology. I am going to suggest it is I1 - in A. gaudryi MNH 1355, so I3 is absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, small ones'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, not a significant one'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, not really, there is a little space but I would not count as a diastema'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, small diastemata present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=400 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present - Eltringham also says that this differentiates the two hippo genera (the relative depth of this).'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Pickford 1983:206 present; Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Pickford 1983:206 (see also Pickford 1978) present; Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674 - I guess present'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 check this'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661AMNH mammalogy two shallow grooves only - absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='AMNH 26279 upper dentition'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Figure 7 Dorudon atrox and Fig. 16'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355, c'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729 - there is an odd flattened surface in front but no deep groovev'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2 - possibly could be scored here but not sure what this means; Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=402 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Pickford 1983:206 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661AMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - whatever tooth this is in Cervus - it is worn in a diffuse, stumpy way - not entirely ure what it occludes against'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='AMNH 26279 upper dentition'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) and described by Colbert, 193'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Figure 7 Dorudon atrox and Fig. 16'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Webb and Taylor 1980, Table 2 p. 140-141, they list this as "small, fixed" they do not elaborate in the text'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=401 TEXT='Thewissen et al. base this on RR193 - an isolated tooth called an upper canine, yes it is compressed but not at all sure that this is referred correctly. '; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent - need a better photo of this'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Pickford 1983:206 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661AMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - whatever tooth this is in Cervus - it is worn in a diffuse, stumpy way - not entirely ure what it occludes against'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis can''t tell from photo'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 need lateral photo - absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='AMNH 26279 upper dentition'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Fig. 16 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='AMNH 38843 Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2 and p. 103 - they mention an external wear facet but do not figure'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=403 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - like the lower, borderline between conical and blade-like - conical root and blade-like tip'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris conical'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa -caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 no'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis very hard to tell what category to put this in for this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 conical'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) have not notes that these are preserved but double check'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892 - not that well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='AMNH 26279 upper dentition'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178 not laterally compressed closer to conical'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - recheck - photo is bad'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Fig. 16 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp somewhat laterally compressed'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, not laterally compressed but has edges to it, overall more in the caniniform category'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2- they say laterally compressed like Moschidae but I think this is more in the general area of caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10, looks somewhat laterally compressed but overall really hard to tell from images'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=404 TEXT='Thewissen 1990, Figure 53. P. intermedius, a little hard to tell - looks caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Scott Figure 1 - and page 11 no mention of multiple cusps'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='A. major, Wortman 1895 p. 146'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Bouvrain and Bonis, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=405 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook no'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 no'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris yes'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 no'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 I 3 only'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 yes'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 yes'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 2267'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 yes'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni53661AMNH mammalogy - only one but present'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 no'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 no'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis yes'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 yes'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) have not notes that these are preserved but double check'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 292-178'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Fig. 16 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 mention in text p. 103 - not illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=406 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present; 2. Tragulus javanicus AMNH 102091 subadult - absent (???)'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 80198 present - suture visible from side and the Incisor is the only tooth in the premax'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 "no data" present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='5. Tayassu tajacu USNM 52128, absent state 0'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='tough to tell on photo - I think absent but slightly unclear'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 258555 - canines were right at the posterior border of the premaxilla'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 - no upper anterior teeth'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='8. UCMP Z 129704 Cervus elephas; absent, still need a good way to illustrate this.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) these are present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis - in lateral view can see premaxilla'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Fig. 7 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. vortmani, Fig. 39'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=407 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryceteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris arc'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - there is only one so this cannot be scored'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 elongate with incisor arranged relatively longitudinally - there is only one incisor'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218 - inapp because only one'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 arc'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 81857 - toothbearing, incisors in an arc but separated from each other as if the palate was bissected, very slight diastemata in between - and it does not appear to be elongate - clear sutures though'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 238330'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 arc'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni arc but very gentle'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='theres are only two teeth - cannot evaluate'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 inapp - no upper teeth'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis anteroposterior'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 arc'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) incisors arranged in an arc'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans from TWRH arc'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - they look pretty anteroposterior'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1822'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Inia geoffrensis AMNH 209103 A-P'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Hyracotherium sp. AMNH 129209'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Uhen Figure 24 UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp and AMNH 39085'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 - there is only one so no shape'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus - although Scott says almost aligned - I don''t think that is the case'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=408 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='AMNH 51374 - I guess conical - certianly not spatulate or laterally compressed or really hetrodont'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy -heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='from WIKIPEDIA:The most conspicuous characteristic of male narwhals is their single extraordinarily long tusk, which is a tooth that projects from the left side of the upper jaw and forms a left-handed helix. The tusk can be up to 3 m (nearly 10 ft) long (compared with a body length of 4–5 m [13–16 ft]) and weigh up to 10 kg (22 lb). One in 500 males has two tusks, which occurs when the right tooth, normally small, also grows out. Although rare, a female narwhal may also produce a tusk.'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 this would have to be heterodont - weird character'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) and described by Colbert, 193'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Protoceras celer AMNH 53527 absent heterodont'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 more conical'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96374 (upper teeth)'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2 - heterodont but this is based on comparison of only the canine and the M3'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980; Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=409 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - is very small'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen; Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 S&B do not specify loci but AMNH specimen says one of the two remaining is "P1" - one rooted'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661 and no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - present and two rooted; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) and described by Colbert, 193'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96374'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Webb and Taylor 1980, Table 2 p. 140-141, they list this as "small, fixed" they do not elaborate in the text'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=410 TEXT='RR208'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - is a weird shaped tooth - not quite conical but nothing like the adjacent molarized teeth either.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris multicuspate, squared, premolariform'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 caniniform Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 conical'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas at least two maybe three'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458 present but only as an alveolus'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643 - has a small heel cusp but essentially caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 has a small distal cusp but still essentially caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - top is not preserved - but single rooted and most likely caniniform'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - blade'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49782 Merycoidodon culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96374, maybe small heel but not much more'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Webb and Taylor 1980, Table 2 p. 140-141, they list this as "small, fixed" they do not elaborate in the text'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076 - some extra cresting, not as premolar like ast Merycoidodon but a little bit'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, simple tooth'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10, not square but complex'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Thewissen 1990, Figure 53. P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=411 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris two'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 one'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Eltringham p. 40 says that this is two - rooted in Hexaprotodon but this is false in AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 one'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Babyrousa 152861 - pretty small (kind of borderline)'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - I think two but this is in socket'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas at least two maybe three'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis one'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 one'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 - two very clearly ;AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Carnegie (CM 12048) from AMNH cast (AMNH 105383) and described by Colbert, 193 - not clear'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 - two very clear'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284 - two'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Webb and Taylor 1980, Table 2 p. 140-141, they list this as "small, fixed" they do not elaborate in the text'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp two'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, plate 1 shows this but not mentioned in text'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455- very clear that it is two'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Scott, 1941 = E. brachyrhynchus and Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1249; TWO'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, looks like two from the picture'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988, clearly two in plate I - figure 8b'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 two'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry - does not discuss'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=412 TEXT='RR208 - two'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284, there are small cusps near the cingulum but they seem to be of a different shape than the protocone in general, more like small cusps off the cingulum.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Babyrousa 152861 - pretty small (kind of borderline)'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458 looks absent but this is pretty hard to tell due to the wear'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius UM 75501 protocone absent - hard to read photo - recheck'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). not erupted'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Univ. New Mex. Mus of Paleont. J68 Diacodexis chacensis and AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Very odd shape and hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Fig. 22 Uhen - there is a small lingual bud but am not counting this as a cusp'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp and AMNH 39085 - slight expansion in that area but absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, looks absent from picture but a little unclear'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980, really hard to tell from terrible photo; Ginsburg et al., 1988 plate I figure 16 and figure 10 both show this tooth and look slightly different - I am going to got with Figure 16 which is in situ - it looks absent'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry, p. 295'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=413 TEXT='hard to tell from image'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='not clear'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='can''t tell - not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='AMNH 20017 - clearly absent'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='no information -- none of the specimens preserved these teeth well enough to see'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='AMNH 2047 and AMNH 92890 - cannot tell on either of these -- while the teeth are preserved they are worn and if the denticles were subtle they would be completely obliterated'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - - these seem to be present the tooth is a bit worn though'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Fig. 22 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='MacDonalod'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Figure 4'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Protungulatum donnae, teeth Sloan and Van Valen 1965'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Pickford (1991) mentions that these are present but does not illustrate. Bonarelli (1947) - bad illustration - these are present (loci are a little difficulat to determine)'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=414 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - photo is terrible but appears to be absent, text makes no mention of these features'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 - teeth are so worn that even if homologies are established it is tough to tell if there is enough info there for this; this tooth is present - absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 tricky - I think absent but check the camel literature'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis tough to say, tooth is certainly wide there but is very worn'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643 - there is a second cusp but scoring this as a metcone in mesonychids'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - has either a metacone or a metastyle according to O''Leary and Rose 1995 - just one posterobuccal cusp - Will consider it a metacone - not a character in the O''Leary and Geisler matrix'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - absent; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Univ. New Mex. Mus of Paleont. J68 Diacodexis chacensis and AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Fig. 17 Uhen Dorudon has a line of cusps - am counting the large cusp distal to the paracone as the metacone'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2 - there are a lot of cusps but they are essentially denticles'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629, kind of a tough call, see AMNH 53731 (also in cabinet 5.293) has relatively unworn upper premolars, here there is not really a "cusp" - there is just a long crest both on P4 and P3. Also there is'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp present - this like the mesonychid situation is a tough call in terms of metacone or metastyle - scoring may seem weird given that P4 does not have one'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 and AMNH FAM-95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, there is an incredibly small bump there but it is not really a metacone'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; just a crest'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988, hard to see and not mentioned in the text but it looks like there is a small one'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10274 - very tiny hint of a cusp on the crest at the posterior part of the tooth but nonetheless I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=415 TEXT='Clearly absent in Schmidt's (1913) drawing of this picture also.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - slightly posterior'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='absentOrycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris lingual- anterior'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 lingual/medial'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 inapplicable no protocone'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 anterior'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Babyrousa 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy inapp'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 directly lingual (anterior)'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis hard to tell due to wear - probably'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) inapp - no paracone only a parastyle'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - protocone is relatively posterior'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis - immediately lingual'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629, confirmed by Janis and Scott, 1987 Table 4 p. 32'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729 - the tooth is placed at an angle in the socket so that in the real position it is posterior'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10274'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, very slightly posterior'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=416 TEXT='difficult to tell from photo if protocone is present'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='absentOrycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 I think absent but check camel literature'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Pickford 1983:207 discusses the double cusped P4 of hippos - this must mean presence of a metacone - keep in mind; Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy weird tooth lots of small cuspules'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis hard to tell due to wear - probably'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present - really small'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - really small'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). not erupted'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - absent; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Univ. New Mex. Mus of Paleont. J68 Diacodexis chacensis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - - it looks absent - tooth is very worn and this is hard to score'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Fig. 17 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629 see AMNH 53731 (also in cabinet 5.293) has relatively unworn upper premolars - it appears to be a long crest'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum - I think absent but not entirely clear from picture'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7 - a "trace"'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=417 TEXT='Schmidt's 1913 drawing shows this absent also'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='not clear'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Harpagolestes (AMNH correct number 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='AMNH 20017 - clearly absent'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='not data - not well preserved on any AMNH specimen'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='AMNH 2047 and AMNH 92890 - cannot tell on either of these -- while the teeth are preserved they are worn and if the denticles were subtle they would be completely obliterated'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Fig. 22 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='MacDonalod'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936: Figure 4'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Protungulatum donnae, teeth Sloan and Van Valen 1965'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Bonarelli - very distinct denticles - not well described by Gaziry, see also Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=418 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - photo is terrible but appears to be absent, text makes no mention of these features'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Univ. New Mex. Mus of Paleont. J68 Diacodexis chacensis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079), present but very small'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='AMNH FAM 49782 Merycoidodon culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629 see AMNH 53731 (also in cabinet 5.293)'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=421 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook I think lore has it that this is absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Oryceteropus - square tooth but no cusp'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 - the tooth is square but check homologies; Scott and Janis 1987 call this a metaconule in ruminants - Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147 present - still the metaconule issue'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - present ; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 (absent)'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 probably but too worn to tell'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - - really cannot tell , too worn, could have had a small one like Hapalodectes'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent ( the 4th cusp is a large metaconule I believe)'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6 absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729; Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, really close to the metaconule and small'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford and Gaziry illustrations but does not technically agree with their descriptions'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=419 TEXT='Interestingly, Schmidt 1913 calls this a hypocone. Plate XVIII-figure 6.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook I think present but check'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 if homologies are like ruminants - present Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520. hard homology. Is this realy a metaconule?'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis metaconule on M2 absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis - technically absent as a separate cusp - but has two crests coming off of it and the hypocone never has these...'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017, too worn'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6 absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Scott Figure 1 - typical ruminant tooth'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, really close to the hypocone and small'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16, I think present - a little hard to tell, no information in the text'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, really small but present'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford and Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=420 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 postprotocrista'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520. present - stubby'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458 I think this is not clear'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - need to check'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) very faint'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147 a faint crest is present but this is not that well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284, I don''t see one'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Scott Figure 1 - 8'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 and FAM 95326'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, see als AMNH 39127 - the crest is very short but present and strongly buccally directed'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, so faint as to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=422 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH - absent; Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 I don''t think you can really tell this'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047, pretty worn but I think present'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - a small one present on the cingulum'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford and Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=423 TEXT='RR207'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook equal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris equal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 equal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 equal;'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 too worn to tell'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 equal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy -equal'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 equal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 equal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis need a side view - check'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 need a side photo but subequal'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) subequal - really should have a picture from the lateral side'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) P4 paracone is longer but not twice as long'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147 it is broken and slightly enlarged but not as in whales'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH greater than twice height; M1 is not preserved for comparison even if, as he claims, the paracone of P4 is so large - it is only very indirectly illustrated and is probably crap'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis - equal'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, The paracone of P4 is actually pretty tall and close to twice the height, it does not stand out the way the paracone of fossil whales does but this is borderline.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - this is a tough homology - the P4 has a bigger paracone but it is not like the condition in whales'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='looks large Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 but too worn to tell'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 equal to M1'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen and Figure 17'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='AgriAgriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983,'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, see also AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582 - cannot tell the M1 is blasted out with wear on ALL specimens'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, the P4 looks tall but the M1 is really worn'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10274'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7, hard to tell from photo'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=425 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Bonarelli - roughly in same size range, not easy to score thoug'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook present and small'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 a very tiny one is present'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 pretty vague and crest-like'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218 - present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent but tricky to score - possibly recheck'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Babyrousa 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458 I think present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present and small'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) very small'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis - present but very tiny'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - AS BIG AS PROTOCONE'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284, there is a slight crest there but it is essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen and Fig. 17'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 10 absent'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10274'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='very small crest'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=426 TEXT='Very clear in Schmidt's 1913 drawing.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook present and small'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present small'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - there do not appear to be embrasure pits per se but there is a long groove'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 shape - small and crest-like'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 crest and small'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - can''t tell from picture - did not find in Zhou et al. with quick look'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present and small'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present and large - not quite the size of the paracone but close'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Fig. 17 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629, somewhat crest-like but overal more like a cusp'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10274'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=427 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy; AMNH36432 Hylocheorus meinertzhageni - ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - there do not appear to be embrasure pits per se but there is a long groove'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus NO NUMB'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - can''t tell from picture - did not find in Zhou et al. with quick look'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius UM 75501 absent and OG 45 say absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - there is a pit at the medial side of M3 but I think this is an artifact'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 ; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, not a great specimen for this but not bad'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Carnegie skull, Colbert'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Fig. 12 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='UCMP 93169 and Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 and 10273 and 10274'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph Fig. 39 absent P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=316 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook it looks like one - with tooth in situ'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans 0'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Carnegie skull, Colbert paper'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Hyopsodus paulus USNM 23747, plate 6'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=428 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - (FIGURE 2)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook it looks like one - with tooth in situ'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101 - I guess two - again tooth in socket'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 - homologizing from the back forward there is a P3 - only has one root'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris four - add this state this is also based on an occlusal view with the tooth in position'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 three'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 I think two but I cannot fully see the posterior part - essentially base on lack of protocone'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 probably three'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520. -probably two but tooth is in situ'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa probably two'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 at least two - again tooth in socket'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy P3 roots two (compressed together)'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 three'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 three'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana - one large root'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis probably three but with tooth in place - pretty tricky'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - maybe three - in situ'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) looks like two based on cusps'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - hard to score - looks like it could almost be 3 - but the posterio two seem joined'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH - two roots'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - three ; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=429 TEXT=',Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 looks like three'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Carnegie skull, Colbert, 1938'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047 - tough call but back half of tooth is really wide'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - three'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 three'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 two'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 - two I think'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen and Uhen page 27'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp there is an incipient third root'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, three'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 - definitely two - not a molariform tooth at all'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 three'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7, based on shape of tooth - looks like at least three'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=429 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) have 3 - I had previously had two scored'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook moderate-strong'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageniAMNH no number cabinet 31mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present and strong'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 - present'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='kind of borderline - but absent; Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD1072067;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 present'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, really small'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7 - borderline - but absent'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=431 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook moderate-strong'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 present - actually is just a termination of the crests'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 - looks like from Janis and Scott 1987:27 that this would be a parastyle but check came literature'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 53661AMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 crest shape'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 crests'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - I think absent - need a better picture'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 moderate'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present and strong'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). Strong cusp'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 weak'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284, kind of a tough call - but cusp'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629, tough call, I guess crest'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076 - really borderline - essentially polymorphic'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD1072067;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, hard to tell in picture'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=432 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2oo7) score as absent.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - not sure whether this is supposed to be there in horses - check'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='UCMP 93169`'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, absent,'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD1072067;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=435 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook - it looks like four - but I guess at least three'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51374 two that are largely merged - possibly needs another state - , also Vaughan says "rootless"'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris three or four'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 three'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 at least three'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 I think two - essentially the standard configuration.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 probably four'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 three or four'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy -3-4 typical molar'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 three'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 at least three'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas probably four'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana - really two that blend together'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) most likely three but this is really just counting the cusps'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis normal molar'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 typical square tooth'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, probably four'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=438 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 protoloph on M1 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Schulte says there is no enamel check this with other Kogia scholars; Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals says the same - this is supposed to be scored on uppers - there are occasionally uper teeth - so this will be mentioned with an asterisk'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209105 crenulate'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284, even though this does not look very developed on the lower teeth - I think this is present on the upper - sort of a crest that runs through the metaconule'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='UCMP 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, however in AMNH 39127 there is a very gentle crest running across the tops of the cusps that almost looks a bit like one'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH SD1072067;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=439 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook deeply rooted teeth present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent ; Vaughan describes the roots as "absent" p. 225'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Babyrousa 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni"no number"AMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 present - deep roots'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis deeply rooted present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 deeply rooted present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 ; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - normal - deeply rooted'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=440 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Ginsberg, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=441 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook inapp'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51374 no swelling - so conical'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris inapp'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 conical'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 conical'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 conical'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy -conical'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 no wider than crown'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis conical'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) conical'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 inapp-'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='according to Messenger and McGuire'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=442 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook conical'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51374 no swelling - so conical'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris conical'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH69403 conical'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 conical - no wider than crown'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 conical'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 conical'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy -conical'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 no wider than crown'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis conical'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 conical'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) conical'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 ; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 conical'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=443 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 full dental formula'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook only six on uppers'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 state 0 - just barely seven 148200 - has only 5 per side; 51370 has six per sideVaughan says 3/3 molars and 2/2 premolars'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris eleven'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - seven'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 ten'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 eight'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218 seven'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 ten'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 ten'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 - nine'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy at least seven - there is an incipient 8th tooth anterior to the canine (I3)?'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 six in female; seven in male'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 seven'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - six'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana - there are only six'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis 11'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 7-11 on each side'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) technically cannot be scored; Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 also technically has six'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) only missing M3'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147 technically not enough preserved to say'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - three'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 7-11'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9 and 23747'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284- there are at least seven'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='based on WHitmore 1953 p. 146 there are at least seven, P2-M3 and one smallish anterior tooth'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, all teeth'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='from Viret 1929'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=444 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333. (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Bos Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 present if homologized from rear'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Thewissen et al. 1996 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 p. 23 they draw it in but I am not confident in this'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - present and two rooted'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=445 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook at least three but it looks like four'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51374 - two that are largely merged - Vaughan says rootless'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris three or possibly four'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 at least three'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 two - typical molar'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 at least three'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 three'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy ypical molar'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 three'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 at least three'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas -four'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 three'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cannot see roots but based on cusps three'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 typical square tooth;Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Uhen page. 29 - two roots'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=446 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent -'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent lost of external cingula but not really a shelf'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) absent'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis essentially no stylar shelf - clear ectocingulum'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6 absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='UCMP 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7, more than other ungulates '; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=447 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook - really not sure about this -- ??? present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 tricky - I think absent but check'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520. - present I think - kind of weird in these animals'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - present; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis paraconule is very clear'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 - too worn to tell'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6 absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, pretty subtle but essentially present , see also Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='cannot tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16 - hard to tell and not described in text but I think present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3) - they mention these on p. 567 also'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=448 TEXT='Very clear in Schmidt's (1913) drawings.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 - have an anterior cingulum but not an ectocingulum'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - just at posterior part'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH smaller than paracone - CHECK BECAUSE THERE ARE MORE STATES HERE'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis present very clear'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis - essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6 absent and FIgure 18'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. (looks like A. gaudryi in terms of size) AMNH 99273 presentAgriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM-95326 absent'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729 and 73744 - variable but present'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, very small hint of an ectocingula'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; very tiny hint of one near the metacone'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum, hard to tell but looks present'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)- there is at least part of one.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=449 TEXT='Appears to be absent - in Schmidt (1913) also.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook distinct'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris subequal'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 distinct'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 distinct and subequal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 equal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 distinct cusp'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 subequal, distinct'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy -distinct cusp -subequal to paracone'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 equal to paracone'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 distinct cusp'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis metacone is absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 distinct and half the size'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) half the size of paracone'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) this cusp is small in this taxon'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH smaller than paracone - CHECK BECAUSE THERE ARE MORE STATES HERE'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis subequal'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 distinct cusp'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6 small and about half the size of the paracone; also Fig. 18'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=450 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris -double check ambiguous in photo'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent - ABSENT - CONTRADICTS HASSANIN AND DOUZERY'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent - there is a tiny piece of cingulum there.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - there is a small spike-like cusps present here'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147 there is a lingal cingula cusp - not exactly in the middle but seems to qualify as an entostyle'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427 on this specimen there is the tiniest hint of one but really absent'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6 absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='UCMP 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629. Janis and Scott Table 4 say it is ABSENT!'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH FAM-95326 and Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 - ABSENT'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2E - shows a suggestion of this but in the text p. 103 the say weakl developed and rare when it occurs at all'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=452 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 mesiobucal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 seems pretty straight'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 mesiolingual - check this out on unworn teeth - like the M1 inset - really seems to be present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 broad'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy inapp'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 preparacrista is oriented mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis can be scored - picture is bad'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I think mesiodistal but check this because it is hard to see in picture and may not be present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643 faint but mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) inapp - no crest really'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) faint'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent (very narrow)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, very faint but essentially mesiobuccal I think'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='need specimen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, pretty subtle but I think it is there'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 no preparacrista'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 sharply mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, barely there but mesiolingual'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=455 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook broad'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 broad'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 tricky homology for ruminants - would be broad and square'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 braod'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 broad'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 broad'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy broad'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 broad'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 broad'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis narrow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 somewhat narrow'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) narrow'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent (very narrow)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - broad; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - broad'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 6 absent - thre really isn''t a trigone basin'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=454 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 distolingual'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy inapp'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - slightly straight but does have some inflection to it.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis distolingual. Specimen is in really poor condition though.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 mesiodistal - but check on specimen - very subtle'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) need to see original - crest is either very faint or completely absent; Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 faint mesiodistal crest'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH - M2 centrocrista is "straight" so mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - dead straight - state 0; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='need specimen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, very subtle, see also AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 sharply distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, pretty straight'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=453 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 mesiolingual'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 - there is no premetacrista'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) metacone is too small - there are no crests'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH - M2 centrocrista is "straight" so mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - straight state 0; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='need specimen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, essentially mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, see also AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 sharply mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, weird, actually is mesiolingual'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=458 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 more like two crests meeting'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook present'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 tough call - the external enamel crests outward but there is not really a cusp - check the camel literature'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - I think absent but check'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - absent; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis, here it is specifically at the end of the premetacrisata not at the junction of the premetacrista and the postparacrista.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Uhen FIg. 6'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='UCMP 93169'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp tiny mesostyle crest see AMNH 39085'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076 - shape is a crest'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; hard homology, scored because of swelling at base of crests'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford it is mentioned, see also Gaziry - hard to see in illustrations'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=461 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3), they also mention in the text'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris mesiobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 there is no postmetacrista'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 distolingual'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 mesiodistal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 distolingual'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 - essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - none of these crests are preserved due to wear'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - straight state 0; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='need specimen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, very sublte see also AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 shaprly distobuccal'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, barely there - seems very faint'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7 - none shown'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford'; TEXT TAXON=73 CHARACTER=460 TEXT='need a better photo'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7, borderline because area is expanded but only with crests'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=462 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3) - only a small crest'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook strong'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris weak'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 parastyle at end of crest - I think weak'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 weak'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 weak/absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 strong'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 M2 parastyle - weak'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 strong'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present and strong'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 really does seem more crest like'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type) - not huge but looks like a cusp'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis borderline - but I think a cusp'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 weak'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284, very borderline but I guess cusp'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076 -polymorphic as cups/crest'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=463 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 I think present - Janis and Scott does not fully clarify - is this the crest or most extreme enamel region of protocone??'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent - see Gentry and Hooker for clarification'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis need to check on cast'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - I think present in the precingulum position - but check'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128 essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - absent; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis really not much of a postprotocrista - other cusps are really clear'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, a little worn but there seems to be a crest present - too unclear to score off this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017 too worn to score'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079) - on the second of these specimens there is a faint crest, despite the fact that the teeth are so bulbous'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen - but no protocone - inapp?'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Scott Figure 1-8'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, takes a different shape, more lingual than many taxa'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; present and small (I think this contradicts Kron and Manning)'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=464 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris present = broken up a bit'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 there is only a tiny piece of cinglum between the two cusps - barely noticeable - absent.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis need to check on cast'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - will have to check - often there is a small one and the photo is too gross'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - present; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis - very small crest between the protocone and the hypocone'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='variable e.g., 15; Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Uhen does not mention one on page 29 - Fig. 18'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629, absent - only a small entostyle in this area'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 13551'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983, no cingulum per se - there are some anterior and posterior but not specifically lingual'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; small'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16 - looks small'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 seems to be absent - a little poorly preserved'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=73 CHARACTER=465 TEXT='need better photo'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174 - hard to tell whether this is a loph or an anterior cingulum'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook equal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 148200 Orycetero'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 present on lingual side very clear'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH152858 Babyrousa babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageniAMNH no number cabinet 31mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 approximately equal to M2'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - very slight anterior cingulum on the lingual side - is contiguous with the lingual cinglum - almost'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458 cannot tell'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present about half the size of M2'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius PU13295 - there is an anterior cingulum'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 present only at anterior extreme'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) - cannot really tell - slightly damaged'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). SEE TEXT'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH - similar or slightly larger than M2 - CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079) - thick shelf'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Fig. 18 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH LUSK 0-143-3076'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582; small'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 14'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='cannot tell on these specimens or in here Hurzeler, 1936, p. 9-10'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=466 TEXT='not clear in image'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook equal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 - definitely smaller than M3 but very borderline in terms of these categories - kind of a continuous variation issue. I would say right around 60% - judge at end'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris equal to M2'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 and 81892 - smaller'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 approximately equal to M2'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 only slightly smaller than M2 approximately equal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899 - not the dental photo - the ventral skull one.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 have to list as equal - because although smaller, not so small that it fits the last category'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 M3 size - larger than M2'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy present and larger than M2'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 approximately equal to M2'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - present and small'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present about half the size of M2'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens - it is absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - small'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987)., they say smaller based on the root but I do not trust this given how little material is known (i.e. a comparative root for M2)'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans data from TWRH - similar or slightly larger than M2 - CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - technically state 0; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis larger'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 and Univ. New Mex. Mus of Paleont. J68 Diacodexis chacensis (cast at AMNH) - M3 is just slightly smaller'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079), M3 is smaller than M2 but just barely in the 60% range (if at all0'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 - , clearly larger'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 approximately equal to M2'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284, differently shaped but essentially equal'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen absent, so inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355 and FAM 95326 - Slightly large'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729, slightly larger and in 73744'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius, smaller for sure, maybe a little larger than 60%'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7 - closest to state 2'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=467 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - table 1 - M3 is one mm smaller than M2'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Smuts'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Hippo amphibious AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674, there are cusps on the cingulum here but I am not counting these'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 152861 Babyrousa - wrinkly enamel but I think no cusps'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432, only one small one'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 20249'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 72189'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Wortman, 1896 Fig 9'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, has some hard to homologize cusps and some tiny cusps along cingulum'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 583'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Brunet 1968'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Ginsberg et al., plate I'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='AMNH no number - upper molars'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990, Fig. 39, P. intermedius, enamel is wrinkly but I think technically absent'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=470 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Bos SUNY Mar 15'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris terrestris AMNH 78519'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 69403'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Smust'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis, AMNH 81899;'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Hippo amphibious AMNH 24284'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH 152861 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Sus scrofa moupinensis AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Hylocheorus meinertzhageni Amnh 36432,'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 217692'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='UCMP Z 182721'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 11094'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 12147'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 20249'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH 72189'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Gazin 1968, plate 9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Wortman, 1896 Fig 9'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Uhen 2004'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='UCMP specimen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355;'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH 7394'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455 - this is a weird looking tooth - hard to homologize'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Ginsberg et al., plate I, present'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='AMNH no number - upper molars'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990, Fig. 39, P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=469 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook seems like four'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51374 two that are largely merged - Vaughan says rootless'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris three'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 at least three'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 looks normal and large'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 four'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 three'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy typical molar'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 three'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 at least three'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana - has a small heel for last part -resulting in three roots unlike M1 and M2'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458 - one I think'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cannot see roots but based on cusps - three'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987). only the anterior root is preserved'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Gobiohyus G1 - three ; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Univ. New Mex. Mus of Paleont. J68 Diacodexis chacensis (cast at AMNH)'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Andrewsarchus mongoliensis AMNH 20135 -'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 typical square tooth'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9, I think'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=468 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2333.1'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook - really need to check in literature - but I think this is the small cusp coming off the main one'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 check on what this is supposed to be like in camels - Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 22674'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520. hard homology - suids have these extra cusps - in strange positions'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa AMNH 152861 absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy - M3 metaconule absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 large'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 large'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) no metaconule preserved'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128 again this is a scoring call that may need some examination'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis technically absent although possibly revisit this homology issue within artiodactyls'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Univ. New Mex. Mus of Paleont. J68 Diacodexis chacensis (cast at AMNH); Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 - ruminant issue again'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284, very reduced and incorporated into the crest but present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983 - VERY WEAK - borderline scoring'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455, weird tooth but present see also AMNH 39127'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2, and p. 103 - absent in the sense of being a separate cusp from the hypocone - these authors refer to it as a "metaconule" not a hypocone though'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277 present and very clear'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7, looks like a small one'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=471 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 inapplicable: no cingula'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapp no cingula'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Artiocetus clavis GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 12643 - Mesonyx obtusidens'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 ; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Brunet, 1968, Microbunodon minimum'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=73 CHARACTER=472 TEXT='technically too worn to tell'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Equus caballus AMNH 204174'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Ovis ares Stony Brook absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Bos taursus AMNH 204101 inapp'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='AMNH 78519 Tapirus terrestris absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135 inapplicable: no cingula'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 inapp no cingula'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 and AMNH 80218'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 89626 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 24284 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH 135520.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='AMNH 152858 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 57325 - this is a hard scoring issue'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberAMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 22850 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='AMNH 70337 Cervus elephas - there are a few tiny litle cusp-like protrusions here ??? homologous?'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis absent'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Ting and Li (1987).'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 13128'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Gobiohyus orientalis AMNH 26277 ; AMNH 26279 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='AMNH 19504 Merycopotamus dissimilis'; TEXT TAXON=63 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Anthracokeryx ulnifer AMNH 20017'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='AMNH 99664 (casts of upper dentition CM 11989); AMNH (99665 cast of CM 12079)'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 2047'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Merycoidodon AMNH 20-427'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 102872 inapp - neither cingula nor denticles'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Gazin plates 8-9'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Hyracotherium tapirinum AMNH 96284'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Fig. 6 Uhen and Figure 18'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Fig. 2'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi AMNH 6629'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='AMNH 39086 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 1355'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Thewissen et al., 1983'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Perchoerus AMNH FAM 73729'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Entelodon sp. AMNH 39455'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 582;'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Lihoreau et al., 2003 Fig. 2E'; TEXT TAXON=62 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Ginsburg et al., 1988 - Plate I - figure 16'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10277'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Thewissen, 1990 monograph p.59-on P. intermedius'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Protungulatum SPSM 62-2028 from Sloan and Van Valen- Figure 7'; TEXT TAXON=64 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Libycosaurus petrocchii, Pickford, Gaziry'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=473 TEXT='Suteethorn et al., 1988 - TF 2334 (FIGURE 3)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51909 revolute'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592 flat with a little upturned area anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - flat and situated on spine, anterior margin'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14112 - these are interlocked - they can''t even come apart'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 revolute'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 - revolute'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa revolute'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no number'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='thor or lum vert Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 400156 flat or absent???'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='USNM 16505 mounted skeleton - first lumbar zygapophyses articulate with the vertebra anterior but in the rest of the lumbars this connection starts to fade'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 revolute'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 revolute'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643 - these appear to be lumbars even thought the plates are gone on the lateral side'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) I think present but should double check that this is a lumbar that is preserved'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (71) - they say NOT revolute but not clear what the alternative is - but in Madar et al. 2002 p. they describe some as weakly revolute - from Figure 3 L3 and L8 both look somewhat revolute - see what Geisler thinks'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352 - there are some preserved but it is really hard to tell what the articulation is like because they are articulated'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 revolute'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 flat'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura 1975 Plate VII'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Uhen page 90 does not describe - and Figure 81 - is terrible for this - Uhen describes these as "rounded"p.90 - need to check'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, p. 48 states that the pre and poszygapophyses are not developed in this taxon and that there are metapophyses instead'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH Lusk-0-151-4110'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - not described and really hard to tell from picture'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, they look almost super-revolute perhaps with an extra undulation, articulated so hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) scored but I am not sure of the association.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='no data figured in Schmidt (1913)'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=474 TEXT='Appear flat to me, but how flat is flat?'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176; Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Madar et al. 2002 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Uhen describe for Dorudon - page 90'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, Plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Wortman, BAMNH, 1895 p.151'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, the available lumbars are articulated'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=477 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=475 TEXT='Sara - why is the axis affiliated with this state?'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Ovis Nickel fig 25'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 flat and platelike'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 flat and plate-like'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019 flat and plate -like'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='ayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 90006'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='153410 Babyr'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Hylo AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='tho or lum AMNH 40015 Zipihus'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='AMNH 36595 Kogia'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Moschus moschiferous AMNH 46405'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 flat'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='no dataS'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Madar et al. 2002 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 FIg. 3'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Rose 1985:1208-1209 describes only as "well-developed" and they are really tightly articulated in AMNH specimens'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 flat'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Uhen Dorudon FIg. 82'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.- broken but the stump is flat and plate-like'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), text p. 42 says "slender" but FIgure 9 looks pretty flat'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH - they are very gracile'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=478 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table III'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Ovis Nickel fig 25'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Nickel figure 24'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 long equal to T1'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 cervicals are longer than thoracics'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 approximately equal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='definitely true in pygmy hippo - check in a book - no mounted skeleton at AMNH;HIppo 70019 AMNH not strung together but pretty obvious'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 215154'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='AMNH 90006 Potamochoerus present - photo is not ideal, bones not strung together but looks typical'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa - cervical vertebrae - long relative to thoracics'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Sus Figure 24 Nickel present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no number short relative to thoracics (just a little bit shorter)'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Van Beneden and Gervais plate 45s'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH70378 short and compressed a lot see van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Kogia from Van Beneden'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 17951 someone has written that there are 7 but the numbers are wrong - note that real C8 (if correct) C7 looks a lot like T1 (more than C7)'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - these are preserved according to the Science paper - no photos though'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not all cervicals preserved but present and long'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Madar et al. 2002 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - technically not enough information'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Rose 1985, long'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 - roughly equal - long'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais short'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.-Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Uhen tables 11 and 12 - cervicals are short - perhaps not as short as in some whales but short'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), they mention that some of these are preserved but do not give measurements - this is a fairly gross character, however, so I think it is clear from the measurements of the cervicals (relatively to the rest of the axial skeleton) that they are not compressed as in whales'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='display skeleton AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table III'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=479 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) score this but I don''t think there is adequate data.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27 - they do not appear to be particularly large'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Ovis Nickel fig 25'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Nickel figure 24'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 absent - it is C5'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987present'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='definitely true in pygmy hippo - check in a book - no mounted skeleton at AMNH;HIppo 70019 AMNH not strung together but pretty obvious'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 215154'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='AMNH 90006 Potamochoerus present - photo is not ideal, bones not strung together but looks typical'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Sus Figure 24 Nickel present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no number present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Monodon monoceras pl45s Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 present - complicated - revisit this because there are processes jutting to the side on all cervicals, C6 (I think) has processes jutting inferiorly and is different in that way - but they are not largest'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Van Beneden and Gervais - it is larger than the other cervicals but not like the artiodactyl condition'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - it looks like C5'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 juvenile and spines posterior to C1 are not developed so cannot really tell'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='one thoracic may be out of place Moschus moschiferous AMNH 17951 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 - need a good comparative cervical series'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu - probably tall and flat but do not have an associated series to verify'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - these are preserved according to the Science paper - no photos though'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not sure which is C6 - one vert does have large parapophyses - some do not seem to have them at all'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais differs from Van Beneden and Gervais. There seem to be some contradictions here. Based on AMNH 93414 I am scoring as "yes" but C5 may be larger'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 58 and page 78 - Dorudon - Uhen calls these transverse processes'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='not mentioned in Wortman and not in 38843'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - not enough info'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table III'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=480 TEXT='largest, how?'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27 - tall but the posterior ones have a really weird shape - score as relatively larger'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Bos Nickel fig 29'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - tall thin spine exceeds that of C3'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='need data'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='AMNH 148452 Choeropsis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='HIppo 70019 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 215154'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 34743 the series is not associated but C2 fits this categrory'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='153410 Babyrousa AMNH large'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260.'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Monodon monoceras pl45s'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 too fused to tell'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='too fused to tell'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Tursiops AMNH74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Moschus moschiferous AMNH 17951'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - not totally sure there is a C3 but C2 is clear and large'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Rose 1985 - the C2 spine is large but no C3 for comparison'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus 14130'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975 - hard to tell in photo'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.-Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=481 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table III'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='AMNH 17890 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 peg'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592 -borderline - will score as a peg because it is not very broad mediolaterally but it is somewhat flattened.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 flat and Ca'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 flat plate - has a narrow base though'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 215154 - relatively flat but kind of odd shaped'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 34743 the series is not associated but C2 fits this categrory'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa closer to a peg'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Nickel ; Sus AMNH 100260, kind of intermediate'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no number - more like a peg - kind of borderline'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Monodon monoceras pl45s'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 too fused to tell'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Kogia Van Beneden and Gervais - too fused to tell'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 peg but simply not developed on Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Moschus moschiferous AMNH 17951'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent - not labelled but there are six and they are unfused'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - tough call but looks like more of a peg than a plate'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Rose 1985'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais peg'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975 - hard to tell in photo'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.-Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 53 and page 76 - 77 he describes as flattened too.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483, slightly bifid posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1252'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=482 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Ovis Nickel fig 25'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 continuous'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 abseny'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Nickel'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='I think absent based on the Van Beneden and Gervais picture - but check'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Kogia Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH110500 continuous but very borderline'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 continuous'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent - not labelled but there are six and they are unfused'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - not C1 and C2, however, is that really adequate?'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Madar et al. 2002 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 technically not enough information, a few fragmentary cervicals are describe in monograph only'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Rose 1985, not all vertebrae are present but those that are are not fused'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.-Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 53 and page 76 and states it also'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='not mentioned as present in Scott, 1891'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=483 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='AMNH 17890 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 continuous'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='AMNH 51370 Orycteropus - really separate here - even more than in pigs'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 continuous'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 discontinuous'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019 discontinuous'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no numberand 53673'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 too fused'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='in Van Beneden pictures - looks absent but hard to tell which cervicals are shown'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 cannot tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 and Van Beneden'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH110500 continuous but very borderline'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 continuous'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Rose 1985 - technically not fiugred or described by Rose - but could be scored in person'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Inia Flower plates 27 discontinuous'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 55 - separate'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, figure 13'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Webb and Taylor, 1980, Fig. 8 FAM 53571, L. evansi'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1252'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=484 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Stony Brook MP55 - spout like - differs from the artio condition but still is effectively a spout'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='AMNH 17890 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 -'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592 more of a peg than a spout but almost looks like an infilled spout'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 spout'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 peg'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 looks like a peg Hippo AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 peg'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Van Beneden and Gervais - eleven'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 no hint of a dens due to fusion - consider adding a state "absent"'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='in Van Beneden pictures - looks absent but hard to tell which cervicals are shown'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 cannot tell due to fusion'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH110500'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition p. 158'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Rose 1985:1205'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 peg'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 peg'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='USNM 23740 Hyposodus sp.-Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 55 - separate'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, figure 13, he calls this "blunt and rounded"'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Webb and Taylor, 1980, Fig. 8 FAM 53571, L. evansi'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1252'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=485 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282 - a flattened peg'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Nickel - 18 thoracics'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Ovis Nickel fig 25 - approximately 13 from picture - although hard ton count in scapula area'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Nickel fig 24 - thirteen'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 34866 - 14 thoracics'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592 --18'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='according to Hassanin and Douzery - 14'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987:13 twelve'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 - 14 I think'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Eltringham says 13'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='AMNH mammalogy has a mounted Tayassu skeleton'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa 12 or 14'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Nickel figure 24 - I think 14 but hard to count in picture - definitely not more than 15'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no number 14 or 15'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Van Beneden and Gervais - eleven'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Kogia - Van Beneden and G - 13 or 14'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='USNM 16505 mounted skeleton - twelve - in photo hard to see - counted on the spot'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 110500 there are at least 10 - (no photo taken)'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu - five'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there are articulated thoracic and cervical vertebrate Get these'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I think three Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I think three'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - p. 159 Scott says 14'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Madar et al. 2002 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 state that there are 16'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Rose 1985: 1207, says at least 10'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 looks like 14 - Hassanin and Douzery give a different number than I have - check. - Looks like seven cervicals ?? is that possible? Check in Mammalogy - AMNH has a mounted skeleton.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975 - eleven'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Gazin p. 53 - twenty'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH - 17'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Uhen p. 78 says 17'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 -- 14'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='AMNH 39085 Poebrotherium sp. looks like 12 or 13 in picture'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - not known'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Based on AMNH specimen on display - 13'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Figure 50 - either 12 or 13 (cannot tell from picture)'; TEXT TAXON=80 CHARACTER=486 TEXT='score off of mount'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Fig 53 Nickel - Equus - five'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='AMNH 17890 Ovis ares FIVE'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 four'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - six'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP five'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - five'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 four'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 five'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235fivew'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148252 five'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 - four'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa four'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Sus scrofa 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni no number four'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Kogia zero Van B and G'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 17951 - 5'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu - five'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I think three Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I think three'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition p. 159 - three - this is not well-preserved in this specimen; Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643 -looks like four'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - no sacrum - just one sacral'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (72) four; Madar et al. 2002 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 p. 411'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352 three'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321 four'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - definitely four'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 93414 - pelvis small with no vertebral articulations'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Gazin p. 53 - four'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Uhen pp. 90-92 - does not describe any ankylosed sacral vertebrae'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 - appears to be zero'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, it is a little hard to tell, get a different specimen (on this cannot tell if it is four-six)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH638'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Wortman page 151 says THREE'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), p. 42 - THREE'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH - three'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=487 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282 three'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 -looks like just one'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='AMNH 17890 Ovis ares TWO'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 two'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='three'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - actually four - odd shape'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 two'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 two'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 a little hard to distinguish because the entire lateral side is roufh but holding them adjacent indicates just S1'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148252'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 two'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH153410 two - not labelled on drawing but checked - only part of two.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260 partial contact (barely) with S2 not labelled on photo'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy one'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 spine is barely visible'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Kogia zero Van B and G'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 17951 really just one'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 large'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis large - more than half, although supraspinous fossa is not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 I think one - check lit'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - Scott mentions that the first articulations with the ilium but does not say whether this is the only one - Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643 - one'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Madar et al. 2002 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 p. 411 says just S1'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 broad involves S1 and S2 - 14130 is weird in that S5? (not sure of number) is fused to ischium'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 93414 - pelvis small with no vertebral articulations'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Balaenoptera acutorostrata Omura, 1975'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Uhen pp. 90-92 - Uhen states ZERO'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, here again hard to tell, one major articulation but possible contribution from a second one (visible in ventral view, no photo)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Wortman does not mention - no sacra in drawers'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), I think one based on the size of the sacrum relative to the facet in Figure 1 - but not mentioned in their text.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=488 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 - 2/3'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 2/3 size of scapula'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 51370 -'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 large'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 present - about 50% large'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452large - bissects scap'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 - have photo - seems typical - large'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa large'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy large'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315 spine is barely visible'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Kogia plate 20 Van Beneden and Gervais Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 large - is even more than large - huge supraspinous fossa'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 large'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis large - more than half, although supraspinous fossa is not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not sure if there is enough bone to judge - check photo later'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition and p. 160 bissects'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='not fully complete but looks like it bissects'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Rose 1985,'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 large more than half'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 > 2/3 area of scap'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura Fig 12 - need photo but looks like this in paper'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='based on Kitts, 1956 a California Institute of Technology specimen but something of a tough call - Kitts says it is "dog like"'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 98, Fig. 99. - Uhen p. 100 - describes Dorudon as having unequal fossae'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, these are somewhat reconstructed but the spine appears to divide the scapula into unequal parts.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467 borderline abut about 2/3'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Wortman says bissects p. 152, looks plausible based on AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, FIgure 50'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='RR155'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=489 TEXT='no data figured in Schmidt (1913)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 medially'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543 coracoid not oriented anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987:25 - very smal and seems to stick medially on off the glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 medially'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 medially;Hippo AMNH 70019 - medially'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa oriented medially'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy - no or nonwhale state'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH70378 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 no'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 medially'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think this is not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - probably the info is there - do at home'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Madar et al. 2002 Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Rose 1985, preserved but not described or figured'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 hooks medially - no'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura Fig 12'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Uhen emphasizest that this projecs anteriorly and is much like modern whales'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='not illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467; AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='AMNH 12461'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=490 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 large'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452large and projecting'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019 large and projecting'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Babyrousa 153410'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Hylo 36431'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH70378'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 large and projecting'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 large and projecting'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 small'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura Fig 12'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Gazin plate 13 - usnm 23740'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Kitts - Cal Inst of Technology specimen'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Uhen Fig. 99 - small Dorudon'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467;'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='AMNH 12461'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=491 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='AMNH 51370 absent but there is a thickening in that area - not unlike hippo'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019 this is a little vague with Choeropsis - there is a thickening there more pronounced in Hippopotamus but not like in Tayassu'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='presentTayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Babyrousa 153410'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260 present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Hylo 36431'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 absent or inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis hard to connect this to the spine but appears to have both whale and terrestrial mammal features'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - not entirely sure this is preserved but probably'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni - somewhat broken and hard to interpret'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura Fig 12'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Gazin plate 13 - usnm 23740'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Fig. 99 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, based on the left scapula seems to be absent - but I am not 100% confident that this is complete'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp., not incredibly well preserved but I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='AMNH 12461'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=493 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 53543'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Babyrousa 153410'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Hylo 36431'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH70378'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 large but does not overhang glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 small'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu present but just barely'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana, essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis hard to connect this to the spine but appears to have both whale and terrestrial mammal features'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - p. 160 - he says it is present but does not hang over glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 large'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura Fig 12'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Gazin plate 13 - usnm 23740'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Fig. 99 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910 - Scott, 1891 mentions the acromion but does not illustrate or describe adequately, on the original there is a small jutting piece (broken on both sides). I might have considered this absent. Because it juts a small amount anterior to the spine - will consider present.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='According to Wortman page 152 - present'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=492 TEXT='RR155'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 small'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 large and overhangs'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987acromion does not overhang glenoid Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14112 - small acromion does not overhang glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 small'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 - small'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 large'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 large but does not overhang glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 small'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 small'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis bears large acromion that overhangs'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (73) no info'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 large'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura Fig 12'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Gazin plate 13 - usnm 23740'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Fig. 99 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='according to Wortman - present and essentially small.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='RR155'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=494 TEXT='how do we define small vs large?'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 not flat'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987:25 - does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 - does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa no'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy - no'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 73315'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 not inferior'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 not inferior'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis extends inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 radius is not flat but the ulna is'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (73) no info'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 does not extend inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 not inferior'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura Fig 12'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Gazin plate 13 - usnm 23740'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Fig. 99 Uhen'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Wortman reconstruction does not show this extending inferior to glenoid'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=496 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102 and Stony Brook Mp55 - shaped differently from artiodactyls - bumps at top of bone are more spread out - looks slightly higher'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198 superior'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='AMNH 51370 Orycteropus - actually a tiny bit higher'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 even'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout - even with head'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 superior to head'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302 superior'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='AMNMH 77703TAYASSU'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='53410 Babyr'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Hylo 36431'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 even'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Kogia AMNH 36595 - maybe lower ... hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 superior'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196, superior, very clear'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 divided into ulnar and radius areas - capitulum is not as ball-like as in mesonychids for example'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Sinonyx - type - superior'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 there does not appear to be a proximal humerus'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, looks equal, Ken says slightly higher in his specimen'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 even'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens - very slightly superior'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Fig. 100 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 - Uhen p. 104 states that it projects slightly higher but this is not wildly apparent from the illustrations - will score as even with head.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Scott figures'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 153 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Thinohyus, AMNH 73709, really high'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=495 TEXT='This is not an extremely well-preserved specimen.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares - clearly proximal'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198 midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 borderling between proximal and midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 proximal'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235 borderline between proximal and midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452distal'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 pretty proximal - but a tough call'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa proximal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - no indication of the crest'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 proximal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 very distal'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 distal'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - humerus is preserved but this is almost impossible to tell'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (75) - no data'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Rose 1985: 1210, says no deltopectoral crest, this is preserved only as a cast'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni, very faint, humerus in good condition'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13 - hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin; p. 55 Gazin says past the midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Fig. 100 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 - huge and distal'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 and Figure 21'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Scott - figures - essentially no conspicuous crest which means that it was probably a small proximal bump'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 153 - explicitly says it is faint and distal'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), text page 42 says at top one third - not figured'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='AMNH 12461 - very big and pronounced'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084 - not pronounced at all - probably proximal'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose 1995 show P. vortmani as having it slightly distal of midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=498 TEXT='subtle but does appear to extend relative distal'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102 and Stony Brook Equus specimen MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 slanted'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 slanted slightly to the lateral side'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 slanted'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 - Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='AMNMH 77703TAYASSU'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa slanted'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 slanted'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 parallel'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 slanted'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196, kind of borderline but I think generally parallel'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12640'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) parallel with long axis of bone'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321 - relatively parallel with long axis of bone'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 parallel with long axis of bone'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Uhen Dorudon p. 105 - calls the distal humeral articulation a "common sulcus" - inapp'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5, it looks pretty slanted even though in other ways it is a fairly derived looking distal humerus; Thinohyus, AMNH 73709 also'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454, relatively parallel'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=497 TEXT='a little hard to judge from photo'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Fig. 100 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 and Fig. 101 - appears to have cetacean-like dimensions - his measurement chart is pretty confusing - no anterior photo'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=500 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102 and Stony Brook Equus specimen MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares - generally a pretty barell like shape - but technically the lateral edge does taper - borderline'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - a cone tapering medially'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 a cone tapering laterally'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 more like a cone tapering laterally; specifically applies to medial part of trochlea'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='AMNMH 77703TAYASSU'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 cone tapering laterally'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 not in view of picture but - no'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 a cone tapering laterally'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu - almost cylindrical but technically tapers'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12640'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 cone tapering laterally'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Uhen Dorudon p. 105 - calls the distal humeral articulation a "common sulcus" - inapp'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5, pretty borderline but I think not as derived as in something like Bos; Thinohyus, AMNH 73709'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084 - a very sharply angled cone'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=501 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102 and Stony Brook Equus specimen MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='AMNH 51370 Orycteropus - some mild definition but generally round'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Camelus - Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302 small ridge - very subtle'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='AMNMH 77703TAYASSU'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 ? flat hard homology'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 ridge'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 the angling is not too pronounced but the ridge is very clear'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - this also is the case in mesonychids'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12640'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 137861'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, Ken calls it an intercondylar ridge, in Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787 seems slightly more round'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='TragulusAMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Uhen Dorudon p. 105 - calls the distal humeral articulation a "common sulcus" - inapp'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='borderline but not much roundness left to it AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5, one side actually looks flat'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084 - has a roundness to it'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=502 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198 yes'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 51370 - yes two separate facets'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 yes'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 yes'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 yes'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 yes, 90302 - yes'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='AMNMH 77703TAYASSU'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa yes'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy yes'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 yes'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 yes'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 divided'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 divided into ulnar and radius areas - capitulum is not as ball-like as in mesonychids for example'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 yes'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) yes'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 - yes'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 yes'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Uhen Dorudon p. 105 - calls the articulation a "common sulcus" - will score as no - here but shoudl check specimen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), Figure 1 (not fully covered but looks like a typical distal humerus)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=503 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='AMNH 51370 Orycteropus - actually a tiny bit higher'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='AMNMH 77703TAYASSU'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='no humerus with this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Fig. 100 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 poorly illustrated - he refers to it on p. 105'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=499 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - very tough to tell - broad but not terribly deep - shallow'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 deep'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 deep'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 deep'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 deep but not perforate'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='AMNMH 77703TAYASSU'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa deep'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy deep'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 shallow (this is the third facet on the distal humerus)'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - just shallow here'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 deep'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 deep'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='UM 75501 Dissacus praenuntius'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Rose 1985: 1211'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 deep'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='tough call - looks shallow but is perforate; H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=505 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, humerus is stuck in some medium and this specimen cannot be manipulated to see the back; Rose 1985:1211 says deep'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=504 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102 absent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 absent Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='AMNMH 77703TAYASSU'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 absent'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 absent'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present clearly preserved on left side (not sure if that is what was photographed)'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring absent'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Hard'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Uhen Dorudon p. 105 absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=506 TEXT='RR149'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, this is a borderling case - flares but may fall short of definition I use'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 narrow - tough to assess because bone is robuts - but seems relatively narrow, kind of Pachyaena like'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 narrow Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Tayassu 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa narrow'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy narrow'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595, narrow'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) technically wide by this measurement'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring narrow'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus, this process does flare slightly proximal to joint.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens - borderline but is wide enough to have a foramen'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Fig. 100 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 - seems narrow but very poorly illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=507 TEXT='RR 145 and RR 149, Thewissen et al. (2007) code this as wide but I think it is narrow.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102 and Stony Brook Equus specimen MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 no'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 not that much but could double check'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 not projecting posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 yes'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 not particularly - there is a large sweep to the entepicondyle but no pronounced projection Hippo AMNH 90302 - no'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - it is clearly distinct but does not project'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa no'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 no'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 not in view of picture but - no'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - just shallow here'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 projected posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 deep'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 deep'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='need photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - no'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 absent'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Uhen - Dorudon Fig. 100 - does not seem to project'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, no photo'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5; Thinohyus, AMNH 73709'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 15262'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=508 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 102'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 75198 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 narrow - tough to assess because bone is robuts - but seems relatively narrow, kind of Pachyaena like'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 narrow Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Tayassu 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa narrow'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy narrow'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595, narrow'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) technically wide by this measurement'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring narrow'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1823 humerus'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Fig. 100 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 - poorly illustrated - Uhen refers to a "medial condyle" p. 105 - I think this may be the entepicondyle??'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp virtually absent so narrow'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 154 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - not mentioned and not figured'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Thinohyus, AMNH 73709'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 USGS 7159 P. vortmani'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=510 TEXT='Szalay and Dagosto 1980 UM 1836'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 109 and Stony Brook Equus specimen MP55 - radius is longer'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares humerus is shorter and AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - humerus is longer than radius by about 1/3 - state 0'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 humerus shorter (ratio less than 1)'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, humerus is shorter - no photo'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 greater than 1; Choeropsis AMNH 148452'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 humerus is longer - radius about 2/3 the size of humerus - no photo'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Tayassu 77703 - greater than one but just barely'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Van Beneden and Gervais Monodon monoceras pl45s'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 less than one - note this differs from Ziphius'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 > 1'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 humerus is shorter'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 radius is slightly shorter'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 - less than one I think but just barealy'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036, humerus is short'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 must be greater than one even though humerus is not fully preserved'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - humerus is longer than radius'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - what remains of humerus is longer than radius so - greater than 1'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 less than one'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais greater than 1'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Kitts - table - VERY CLOSE - but humerus is slightly longer (depending on species)'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='hum 237/ rad 157 - according to Tables 19 and 18 Uhen Dorudon'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='according to Scott 1891 - the humerus is slightly longer'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Scott, the radius is longer than the humerus'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 155'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084 combo with 10282'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=509 TEXT='calculated from Plate XXI in Schmidt (1913) - the radius is longer than the humerus.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 51370 radial articulation is at an angle with a horizontal plane anteriorly - I think not flat'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 not flat'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423- no'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa no'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy - no'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 yes'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 no'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 no'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 radius is not flat but the ulna is'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 no'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='confirmed on specimen - not flat'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Hyracotherium, based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH and Kitts 1956'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Uhen p. 107'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Scott, 1891 p. 352 - mentions and illustrates the radius and there is no discussion of it being flat as in whales'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1245'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=511 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 no'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 -no'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa no'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy no'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 yes'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 no'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 no'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 radius is not flat but the ulna is'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Thewissen monograph fig. 16 not flat'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Rose 1985'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH, Kitss AMNH 15428'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Uhen p. 106'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 and FIgure 19'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Scott, 1891 p. 352 - mentions the ulna and there is no discussion of it being flat as in whales'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1245'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=512 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 robust tuberosity'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019 robust'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa no'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy typical terrestrial mammal olecranon'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987 - just barely present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557 - not on this specimen - but I think because it is a juvenile'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 robust tuberosity - NO PHOTO'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 robust'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 radius is not flat but the ulna is'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='monograph'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH, Kitts AMNH 15428'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Fig. 102 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 and Figure 19'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745 (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1245'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=513 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Nickel Fig. 25, AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 51370 photo taken -'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 robust tuberosity'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - the ulna is so long that this looks short - have to measure'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 robust tuberosity'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019 robust'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa no'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy typical terrestrial mammal olecranon'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595, yes'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 it has to be long - even though it is just a stump - but this is not preserved on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 robust tuberosity - NO PHOTO'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 robust'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='monograph robust'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH and Kitts AMNH 15428'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Fig. 102 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 and Figure 19'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1245'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=514 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Nickel Fig. 25'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 long'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 long'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 short - within 10% range'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - the ulna is so long that this looks short - have to measure'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 greater than 20% length of entire ulna'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 long - about 40% % length of ulna'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa long'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy - long'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 long'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 long'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 it has to be long - even though it is just a stump - but this is not preserved on this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 short'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 short'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 long'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - is very short but does not meet the "short" criterion'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring long'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 long'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13 - about 14%'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH and Kitts AMNH 15428'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Fig. 102 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 and Figure 19'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910 - it is relatively short but not 10% or less'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467 - borderline short'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), FIgure 1 - probably a little longer than 10% but pretty short'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454, about 30% the length of the bone'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1245'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV, looks relatively short but does not fit definition'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=515 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='no photo but most likey concave based on other mesonychis'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Tragulus javanic 188310'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH, and Kitts AMNH 15428'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 and Figure 191'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910 predominantly concave but not as entirely concave as in a mesonychid - it bows convex at proximal end'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Scott Figure A reconstruction'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 - relatively straight'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - relatively straight - Figure 1'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Scott shows as curved ; Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1245 is straight'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=516 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 pointed'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 51370 - not broad -'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 Giraffa 14135 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - narrow'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235, they are fused but the ulna contribution appears to be small'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 pointe'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 90302 - narrow'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 215156'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Potamochoerus porcus AMNH216365'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa pointed'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260 - not labelled'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 broad'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 254557'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus USNM 110500 radius and ulna are fused (broken here) ulna is a small peg'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 pointed'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196 the ulna is only a small part of the distal end'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 broken can''t be scored -'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 pointed - not labelled but photographed'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945 -'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Rose 1985, Rose, p. 1210'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 pointed'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10-11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='based on Hyracotherium on display at AMNH;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Fig. 102 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1 and Figure 19'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, not fully prepped but looks narrower'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), hard to see in Figure 1 but sounds relatively narrow in description on page 42'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table IV'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei - not clearly illustrated but comparing to distal radius in O''Leary and Rose -- clearly is smaller'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=517 TEXT='not a great illustration of this but this is clearly not different from many other artiodactyls. Schmidt 1913:Plate XXI, image 21 has a picture of the distal radius only - it is broad. The ulna is narrow in this picture of the two bones.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - monograph'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Rose 1985:1210'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens - Kitts does not mention that they are fused but they look very close together'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='both Scott 1891 and Taylor and webb mention this as absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, p. 155Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=518 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282 radius is present alone'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 fused completelly'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 fused completely ; Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 present fused completely Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595, I think absent - but recheck to see if the the articulation is solid or cartilage'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260 - both states in one individual'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 fused completely'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Monodon AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922 - seems to be absent but this is a juvenile - only specimen in the AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 proximal and distal fusion but not in between fully'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196 there is a little space at the top and the two bones can still be separated - but essentially fused the whole way'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Sinonyx IVPP10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring absent'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 fused proximally and distaly but not for entire length'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Bala acuto Omura 1975'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Uhen Dorudon Fig. 100'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 155 and Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=519 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 82454'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 109 and Stony Brook Equus specimen MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Camelus Smuts Bez'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Monodon AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 relatively anterior - photo taken but not labelled'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Sinonyx IVPP10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 monograph'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Rose 1985: Fig 4'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais anterior'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Bala acuto Omura 1975'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='kind oh a close call - H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15436 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Uhen Dorudon Fig. 102'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Scott 1941'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282 based on proximal radius shape'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=520 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 3 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Equus Nickel PLATE II p. 65'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 20415 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 70036 - I guess mesaxonic - double checked against AMNH 34866 mounted skeleton - only four digits and digit one seems to be missing with five very reduced'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 - guided by Houtekamer and Sondaar, 1979 - paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Nicke;'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Monodon monoceras pl45s - three and four of equal length'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 clearly mesaxonic'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 manus axis of symmetry passes along digit III'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - what is drawn in the Nature article is accurate - Phil says mesaxonic ***NOTE - Gingerich et al say that the hand is mesaxonic and the foot is paraxonic. I would have said the opposite on the basis of length, they must be basing this on width to a large degree. The question is then does their paraxonic foot fit my definition of paraxonic (it is less paraxonic than Mesonyx, for example). This is similar to the condition in Diacodexis pakistanensis. The length argument is pretty decent here.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 equal length'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring paraxonic - monograph - I don''t think this can be evaluated because digit 4 is not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 paxonic'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais mesaxonic'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 15'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 4848 H. sp. THe forefoot is not as mesaxonic as the hind foot but it is essentially mesaxonic. Kitts states that there is a small MC1 (not illustrated)'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Fig. 104 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 - looks clearly paraxonic to me'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - based on Figure 1, This is very tricky. They do not comment in their paper and digit three is slightly longer but I think this should be considered paraxonic.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table V'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=524 TEXT='this is not the entire manus but the two central digits from the same specimen so it is pretty clear that this is paraxomic.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Nickel - absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Nickel says only six carpal bones - centrale absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 70036 - present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP - total of 7 carpals - missing the centrale, and the trapezium see also the horse in Nickel page 64/Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='need a hand'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 appears to be absent - NOT PHOTO'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 absent'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Nickel - absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 there are six carpals - Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - absent according to Gingerich et al.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 based on the facets that are there - probably yes - although not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - p. 161 - Scott says present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 present -very clear'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring present - monograph Fig. 16 - just a reconstruction drawing - I bet this is total bullshit - but leave his scoring for now'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - I think absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13 - Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Gazin p. 58 - says ABSENT, note geisler scores as ?'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='from Kitts based on AMNH 4832'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Fig. 102 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='UMZV 24 Basilosaurus isis hand'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH Lusk-0-151-4110'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158 - no mention'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) page 43 absent'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, fig 47'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='Radinsky 1966, Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=523 TEXT='I don't see any specific mention of a a facet for this in Schmidt (1913) - Plate XXIII, not even in the key to this figure.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Nickel p. 64 and PLATE II - absent - trapezoid is a separate bone'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Nickel says only six carpal bones - this would mean - trapezium absent and trapezoid magnum fusion.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Orycteropus 70036 absent need to revise photo some'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP - total of 7 carpals - missing the centrale, and the trapezium see also the horse in Nickel page 64/Plate II'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Camelus S and B - DOUBLE CHECK THIS.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='no photot'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='has eight carpals - see Nickel p. 65 not fused'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285, I think absent but need a good medial view'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 - need better photo'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036, it appears to be present - there is only one bone in medial view.'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - absent according to Gingerich et al.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='monograph says these are not fused - this is easier to assess than the centrale - so ok'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Whale hand homologies are discussed in Rommel (Tursiops paper) and Uhen (monograph) -- lots of contradictions but essentially extant whales have aroudn 5 carpals - the centrale appears to be gone and the trapezoid and magnum are probably fused (however see the very confusing description of this in Rommel p.46.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Gazin p. 60'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='from Kitts based on AMNH 4832 and AMNH 15428'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Fig. 102 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 and p. 113'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='UMZV 24 Basilosaurus isis hand - I think present - but need to see if there is a description of this in the literature'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711, this specimen has that area preserved but it really needs to be examined under a scope (it looks like there is a small seem). Webb and Taylor, 1980 have an illustration of Leptomeryx, p. 143 Fig. 9 - here they show it having a fused trapezoid - magnum and use specimen AMNH 38910 (this is a hodge podge specimen in the AMNH)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Scott p. 35 - says no fusion'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) page 43'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Fig 48'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=521 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Nickel p. 64 - absent - no trapezium'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Nickel page 64/Plate II shows this as absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Orycteropus 70036'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP - total of 7 carpals - missing the centrale, and the trapezium see also the horse in Nickel page 64/Plate II - but double check on specimen'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Camelus S and B'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='no photot'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Nickel page 64/Plate II - shows as present'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Rommel - pp 46-47 in Tursiops paper - says possibly fused to metacarpals but certainly absent.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Rommel - pp 46-47 in Tursiops paper - says possibly fused to metacarpals but certainly absent.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Rommel - pp 46-47 in Tursiops paper - says possibly fused to metacarpals but certainly absent.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196 there is no other bone in medial view, appears to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - present according to Gingerich et al.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='According to the monograph Figure 16 present'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286 is the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Rommel - pp 46-47 in Tursiops paper - says possibly fused to metacarpals but certainly absent.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Rommel - pp 46-47 in Tursiops paper - says possibly fused to metacarpals but certainly absent.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Gazin p. 59'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='from Kitts based on AMNH 4832 and AMNH 15428'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Fig. 102 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 and p. 113'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='UMZV 24 Basilosaurus isis hand'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711 - nothing on this specimen and probably a very atrophied digit there but I cannot be sure due to lack of prep and bad prep. Webb and Taylor, 1980 page 144 state that the trapezium is missing in Leptomeryx (but I am not sure if they mean lost or absent??). Apparently COpe has described this - Scott 1891 p. 353 says no trapezium has been reported and that this bone was probably "altogether wanting".'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Scott p. 35'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, p. 70, Fig. 48 -- looks fused - need to translate the German to be sure'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=525 TEXT='Schmidt (1913) - text says that this was not fused (based on facets) even though the bone is unkown. '; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Equus Nickel PLATE II p. 65'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 absent no illustration'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Potamo AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Nickel Sus hand'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Monodon monoceras pl45s Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 15'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 absent in this specimen at least'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 absent - Nature article is accurate here'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 absent no photo'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring "absent/tiny" category;monograph shows as pretty fragmentary - not sure this can really be scored'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais present on digits II and III'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 15'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 10 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 4848 H. sp.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Fig. 104 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222 - although proximal and some middle phalanges are known - it seems that this is sort of unclear as no hand is known in association.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table V'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=526 TEXT='illustrated in Schmidt (1913), Plate XXV isolated phalanages. Not associated - the evidence could be better.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Equus Nickel PLATE II p. 65'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 20415'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370 present, Vaughan p. 225 describes the pollex as "absent" - this seems to contradict my observation.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP - needs some clarification in illustration'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 147879 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 seems to be essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Potamo AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Nickel Sus hand'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Monodon monoceras pl45s'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 reference paper drawing is accurate'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition splint'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring "absent/tiny" category; in monograph it is large by these standards'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321 - the digit is not with the specimen, however, there is an impression in the clay from the exhibit and it looks fairly large'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 absent - not clearly illustrated but seems to be the case'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais la'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 15'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 4848 H. sp. - Kitts says it is present'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Fig. 104 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), it is a decent size even though broken (Fig. 41)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table V - see feg 26 within this plate - looks present and about 50% the size of MC II'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=527 TEXT='not illustrated in Schmidt (1913), in text he says he thinks there was a decent sized one but there does not seem to be actual evidence for this.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Equus Nickel PLATE II p. 65 - technically pushing the 50% mark but very splint-like so state 0'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 20415'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 70036 - normal size or way large, largest digit'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 large, greater than 50% of metacarpal III'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 and Houtekamer and Sondaar 1979 large Hippo AMNH 70019 large'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Potamo AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Nickel Sus hand'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 small'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Monodon monoceras pl45s'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 large'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 large'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 splint'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 reference paper large'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring "unreduced" so, large'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 splint'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais la'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 15'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 4848 H. sp.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Fig. 104 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711, large but very thin'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table V'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=528 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 20415'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 70036 absent see also AMNH 34866'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='NO PHOTO'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 large'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 large'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Potamo AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Nickel Sus hand'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 small'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Monodon monoceras pl45s'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 large'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 large'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 splint'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 large'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 splint'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Inia plate 32 Van Beneden and Gervais'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 15'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 4848 H. sp.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Fig. 104 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table V'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=529 TEXT='The evidence for this is based on a comparison of bones from different species but it seems like a relatively large bone.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Equus Nickel PLATE II p. 65'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 20415'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='NO PHOTO'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='metacarpals Camelus Smuts Bez'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 pretty proximal - but a tough call'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa proximal'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Monodon monoceras AMNH 63987'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 36595 midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Pontoporia AMNH 205922'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH 46405 proximal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 reference paper drawing is accurate'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 distal'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) midshaft'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring (75) - no data'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='ant hand Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Inia AMNH 209103'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13 - hard to tell'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 24891 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 4848 H. sp.'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Fig. 104 Uhen Dorudon UM 101222'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711 - hard to tell not prepped but there is clearly matrix between them; Janis and Scott Table 6 state that the metapodials are fused'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH Lusk 0-151-4110 present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 158'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Table V, I think --they are only illustrated together'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=530 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Equus Nickel Figure 109 and Stony Brook Equus specimen MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 single fossa'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 three fossae'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 - two this is a combo radius + ulna'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235 - two fossae'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 there is a very subtle hint of another fossa in the area where the capitulum articulates but it is so subtle as to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 - two clear fossae but an incipient third'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa two fossae and two convex areas'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy three fossae'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Monodon 63987 single flat fossa'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 essentially a single fossa'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 143516 single fossa'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 three'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 three fossae'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 130196'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 two fossae'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 exactly like the mesonychids in O''Leary and Rose - looks different from the artiodactyls'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12640 - three separate areas'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) three fossae - subtle'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945 - slightly broken - so hard to tell if it is 2 or 1'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans TWRH scoring - they say "single" but not really preserved'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Rose, 1990'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321 - three fossae'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 - two fossae'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 single'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975 Plate 13'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Uhen does not Figure for Dorudon but on p. 109 - describes as a single, saddle-shaped surface'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910 - good specimen but needs some prepe work'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Poebrotherium forgot to get numbe'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - this is what they say on p. 42, however, D. secans really has three and I wonder if this is correct - I have to trust their writing because their photos is crap'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Archaeotherium mortoni AMNH 1483'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Elomeryx armatus AMNH 1245'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282 - clear 2 fossae'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose - incipient three fossae'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=531 TEXT='three fossae are in my notes from the museum'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='horse Nickel fig 150'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Nickel Fig. 159'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 large'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 large'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 large'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 large'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 - normal -'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - the two edges are not in contact but are closerly than some other taxa.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa large'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Sus Fig. 156'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy large'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 nonfunctional'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 two edges do not touch'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Gingerich says preserved but no photos and I did not see this'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 normal'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princeton expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Madar et al.'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Rose 1985'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 large'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 209103 AMN H 93414 -double check that this is not the hyoid in the photo - when looking at Monodon they look kind of alike'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Balaenopt acuto Omura 1975'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 23740 Plate 13 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 48665'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Uhen p. 109 - unknown in Dorudon'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 164'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=532 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Equus Stony Brook Specimen MP55 - almost a complete circle'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Nickel Fig. 159'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370 right pelvis'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Camelus Smuts Bez'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 edges very close but do not touch'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302, do not touch'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - the two edges are not in contact but are closerly than some other taxa.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Sus Fig. 156'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 two edges just about touch'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 two edges do not touch'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Gingerich says preserved but no photos and I did not see this'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='cannot tell from photo'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) - these are actually a little bit far apart but not 180 degrees (in between that and touching)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 185072'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Rose 1985 does not describe but this looks like almost a complete circle'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus 188310'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Uhen p. 109 - unknown in Dorudon'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, see right side (left side has a small break)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH638'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 164'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), preserved but not described'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=533 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293, unclear'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Equus Stony Brook Specimen MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares technically in two parts'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Nickel Fig. 159'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370 right pelvis'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 edges touch'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Camelus Smuts Bez'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 edges very close but do not touch'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302, do not touch'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - the two edges are not in contact but are closerly than some other taxa.'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa incomplete'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Sus Fig. 156'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Gingerich says preserved but no photos and I did not see this'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Madar'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Rose 1985, Fig. 3'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Meriycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus 188310'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Uhen p. 109 - unknown in Dorudon'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH638'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 164'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), prserved but not described'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=534 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='horse Nickel fig 150'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Nickel shows as fused'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370 right pelvis'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 - looks fused here'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 present Hippo AMNH 90302 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 present'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa is subadult and unfused but I am not sure if in an adult this would be fused'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='SUS AMNH 100260.'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy, present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 absent here but might want to make sure this is not ontogenetic like the mandible'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 3764 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Gingerich says preserved but no photos and I did not see this'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not preserved in this specimen + it is a subadult'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) need to recheck specimen to see if the symphysis is preserved'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 only one half preserved'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Madar et al. discuss this on p. 419 but there is not indication of fusion - their language is a bit sloppy'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Rose 1985 - does not mention in text, unclear from figure 3'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni - really needs prep - is an excellent specimen but this cannot be seen'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH AMNH 93414'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Uhen p. 109 - unknown in Dorudon'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH638'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 165 does not clarify'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), Figure 2'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=535 TEXT='cannot telll both ways are illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='horse Nickel fig 146'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 presentHippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 70378 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present -'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Gingerich says preserved but no photos and I did not see this'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present but check that the edge is clear'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 Madare et al., 2002'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Rose 1985'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Inia dorsal skull AMNH 93414 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 23740 Plate 13 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 48665'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Uhen p. 109 - unknown in DorudonUhen p. 109 - unknown in Dorudon'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Kellogg, 1936, plate 1'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 164'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=536 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Equus Nickel fig.27'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 central'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 present'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 I think absent but need a full body illustration'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 139766'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present -'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 (type)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='AMNH 5179'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - monograph present'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 17980 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Uhen p. 117, Fig. 106'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, page 165'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='AMNH 12461'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=537 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 4 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Stony Brook Equus MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='AMNH 21528 Ovis ares; AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Bos AMNH245658 central'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 - definitely on the margin of the head - a fairly well defined oval though but state 2 - also this is really large'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 VP notch on outline'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - definitely at edge'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 70016 cetnral depression'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14112 extends to margin very clearly'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452, central depression'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 - very faint central depression but it almost looks like it is not there. On all AMNH specimens it is really hard to see - I rechecked this.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='153410 Babyr'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy central'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Ziphius 40015'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Moschus AMNH17951 central depression'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 central depression'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 139766'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 relatively central'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='AMNH 5179'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - not clear although Thewissen saysit "may" have fone onto neck'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Rose 1985, says like Tragulus - so will score as a central depression even though he does not explcitly say this'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 central'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 17980 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Uhen p. 117, Fig. 106 head is missing'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, clearly central on specimen'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH forgot to get number'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), no info'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='AMNH 12461'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282 center of head (no photo)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=538 TEXT='No image of this in Schmidt (1913)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Stony Brook Equus MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 inferior'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14112 lower than head of femur'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, very slightly inferior'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 inferior to head of femur'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 above; Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa approximately equal to height of head'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 above head of femur'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Ziphius 40015'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 equal'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 above'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - hard to interpret - if it is present it is very low on femur - chech some digging animals to see if this is still called the third trochanter - I do not think it is a high adducter tubercle'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 very slightly above'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 - cannot find this specimen - this is determined from pictures.'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 5179 superior'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring - they list as even or higher -- looks even in Fig. 19 of monograph'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Rose 1985, Ken says protrudes slightly above head, not that clear form the illustration but will score that way'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 above'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 17980 Plate 11 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 139766 clearly superior'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Uhen p. 117, Fig. 106 not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH forgot to get number'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus), see also Wortman 1895 page 165 - he says the same'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='AMNH 12461'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282 approximately equal'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 4 P.copei - text says superior, photo is a little ambiguous'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=539 TEXT='RR101, RR154'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Stony Brook Equus MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658 absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Oryct AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH 148452 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 absentHippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 139766'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - hard to interpret - if it is present it is very low on femur - chech some digging animals to see if this is still called the third trochanter - I do not think it is a high adducter tubercle'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - Scott p. 162 says present; present though weak'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - clearer on right side'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300, see szalay dn gould p. 147 also'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring present, monograph'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Rose 1985'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='H. minusculus USNM 17980 Plate 11 Gazin; well-developed according to Gazin in text'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Uhen p. 117, Fig. 106 not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH forgot to get number'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), p. 43'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='AMNH 12461'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 10282'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 4 P.copei'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=540 TEXT='RR154'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Stony Brook Equus MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - kind of in between I guess wide'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 80198 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 - I guess narrow Hippo AMNH 90302'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa narrow'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 139766'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis narrow'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 wide'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021; Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Harpagolestes orientalis AMNH 26300 - scored from photo not sure if this is correct - speicmen missing'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring narrow'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 deep'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='slightly borderlin'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Uhen p. 117, Fig. 106 not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=541 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 4 P.copei, looks kind of wide'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Stony Brook Equus MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='AMNH 10268 Ovis ares - not much medial asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658 pronounced asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='AMNH 51370 Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Tapirus CA2592 - borderline'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 pronounced medial asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 separate'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452slight'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 90302 pronounced asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy separate'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 slight medial asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 pronounced medial asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 139766 some asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='preserved but too hard to score reliably'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Gingerich says preserved but no photos and I did not see this'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 borderline - very slightly asymmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cuboid and calcaneus are separate - that should be adequate'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - monograph'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820, relative symmetry'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Uhen p. 117, Fig. 106 not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910, some asymmetry (not very pronounced)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 1349 (either latifrons or antiqus)'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11084'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=542 TEXT='Kitts 1956 Plate 4 P.copei - looks pretty symmetrical - although not seen from bottom'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235 could not find a fibula with specimen and there seems to be just a small knob at proximal tibia.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - probably not fused but not fully preserved'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Rose 1985: 1214 and text, describes as variable and possily a syndesmosis'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni - fibula is fully appressed but hard to tell if there is some subtle fusion - I think no'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens - I think absent because Kitts does not mention that they are fused, but not entirely clear'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Taylor and Webb 1976 say that there is only the nub of a fibula and what remains of it is not fused.'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Scott'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Wortman, 1895 appears to be absent p. 166'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), not figured but the two joints are commented on in the text and sound unfused'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='Kitts, 1956, describe P. copei AMNH 4378 (note no list of this as a species in Thewissen 1990, but not sure if it has been synonymized)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=543 TEXT='no complete specimens in Schmidt (1913) but it appears to be absent based on the partial specimens in Plate XXII.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='A little vague but Nickel pp.85-86 suggests it is fused'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares seems to be essentially fused - none with specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='according to Nickel pp95-96 this is a variably sized sliver of bone.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 -proximally'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 appears to be fused'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='not clear'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 99637 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Sus AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36438 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 fib is not preserved but tib is free - probably unfused'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - hard to interpret - they are stuck together but not clear whether this is smashed or fused - I think fused'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Rose 1985: Fig 7 and text - Rose describes as fused distally - but his figure makes it look like it is also fused proximally'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus Left Tibia and FibulaAMNH 14130 apparently fused all the way but hard to see in photo'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='based on descriptions in Taylor and Webb sounds like state 3'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Scott page 40'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=545 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Stony Brook Equus MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658 no - some though'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 separate'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 separate'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 separate'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Choeropsis liberiensis AMNH CA2423 - no'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='AMNH 99637 separate -no photo - only the meso is fused'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431AMNH mammalogy separate'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Odocoileus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis if the astragalus and cuboid are enough - separate'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - the left side these are pretty stuck together - ask Phil if he thinks they are fused or just stuck?'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 separate'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021 - has an isolated navicular - see also O''Leary and Rose and Matthew illustration'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) cuboid and calcaneus are separate - that should be adequate'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - only the astragalus, the ecto and mesocuneiforms'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Uhen p. 121 - not known'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 685'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number - separate calcaneus and astragalus'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=544 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Nickel FIg. 192'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658; see also Nickel Fig. 191'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 can tell with leg and foot articulated'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 astragalus and something (could not get the tib-fibula to line up though but there is a clear facet)'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Camelus Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260; see also Nickel Fig. 190c'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 both'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu inferred to be present due to non contact between the tibia and the calcaneus'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='no calcaneus preserved'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 Looks relatively close to artiodactls - Gingerich et al. repeatedly call this a fibular facet'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='in O''Leary and Rose this is marked as an articulation in Pachyaena - posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - Scott p. 163 states that the distal fibula expands distally into a large distal malleolus'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) preserved but I have no photo'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352 - there is a distal fibula preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 and AMNH 200098 Tragulus meminna - Can see the tibia articulating with the calcaneus directly'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Uhen p. 121 - not known'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910 - present and very clear, fused in place; see also Webb and Taylor p. 144, 1980'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Poebrotherium labratum AMNH 22467 - clear on other spedcimens'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 685'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), p. 45 - they say it is complete'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=548 TEXT='Kitts, 1956'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - there are two facets on the distal fibula - one anterior one posterior and they are separate and both are not in articulation at the same time'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - fibula facet is on lateral side and is not visible in the anterior view - is visible in lateral view'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 astragalus and something (could not get the tib-fibula to line up though but there is a clear facet)'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 - contacts both bones'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 both astragalus and fibula - very clear'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='AMNH 99637 - biplanar but subtlely so has three facets - one medial one anterior and one distal -'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa astragalus and fibula'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Calcaneus dorsal facet - shape of fibular (lateral) contact'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 both'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='no calcaneus preserved'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 Looks relatively close to artiodactls - Gingerich et al. repeatedly call this a fibular facet'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='in O''Leary and Rose this is marked as an articulation in Pachyaena - posteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='no photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - clear contact with fibula'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 biplanar but this is very subtle - facets are at a 90 degree angle and the astraglar one faces medially'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Uhen p. 121 - not known'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 685 and AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - not described in great detail and poorly illustrated but looks like a typical artiodactyl astragalus - so will be scored along those lines where possible'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=547 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293 - there is a facet for the fibula'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Bos AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370 hard to characterize - see photo'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='I think inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 convex posteriorly and convex anteriorly - convexity is only at the very distal extreme.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 84335'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431 convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Stony Brook MAR 21'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Sinonyx type'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 -looks different - although hard to tell due to size if this is not just a minor modificaiton of the standard artiodactyl shape - the proximal part is concave/flat.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Uhen p. 121 - not known'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 685 and AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=546 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, very gentle pit'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 borderline but absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent^nCalled lateral fossa, (O''Leary and Rose, 1995)'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Odocoileus 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) angled'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820, and a pit near fibular facet too'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 only a very vagues onte'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp. see also AMNH685'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) - not described'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=550 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293 - sort of borderline but seems to be present'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 does not extend farther dorsally than sustentacular facet'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 absent - does not extend proximally as far as sustentaculum'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa abs'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 i think present - not sure how clear or significant this is'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) preserved but no photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken) absent'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Scott, figured but in articulation'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 685 and AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), Figure 2 (but really hard to see)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=549 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 distinct'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107, present and distinct'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 clearly distinct'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='AMNH 99637 ;Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 distinct'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='153410 AMNH Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 distinct'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 distinct'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 distinct'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - looks distinct but not as distinct as some artiodactyls - reexamine'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='did not photograph'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Scott figure'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=552 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370 tricky- really does not seem to be present however there is a small facet on the medial calcaneus - what is this for?'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 present'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='dit no photograph'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844 present on astragalus'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis present by proxy because the astragalus has a large facet'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734 and AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='should check - looks absent in drawing'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Scott - present- figures'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=551 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293 - essentially absent'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares - present but very faint'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 sustentaculum is a very different shape'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 very subtle but present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - clearly present and laterally positioned'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni AMNH 36431 present; AMNH 53673 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 abs'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana - present - there are two of them'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - not a well preserved area'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='looks absent in type even though present in Pachyaena'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 present'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Scott, figures - looks absent but it is not that clear in drawing'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp. - present'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number absent- very clear on some specimens'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=553 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293, present very clear'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 - it is equal to the width of the neck but not more'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH 153410 - borderline -'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - narrower but just barely -'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='no photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Scott, figures'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 685 and AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=554 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 - closer to 180 degrees'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH 153410'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='no photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - kind of inbetween - not the artiodactyl condition but not fully 180 degrees'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='looks more like 90 in picture - H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=555 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 subtle division into two'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, subtle fold'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 with pretty small distomedial facet and small medial lip - EXTREMELY SUBTLE AND BORDERLINE'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 two subtle planes in a mediolateral direction but there is a small odd facet at the base of the sustentaculum - I am not sure what this is for VERY SUBTLE'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 small facet'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH 153410 small facet and also some subtle biplanarity to the sustentaculum (but not puttingn it in a new category) SIMILAR TO CHOEROPSIS IN DEGREE'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 small facet'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 undivided'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 undivided'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - cannot really tell'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820, has an odd fold off to the side but whole facet is not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='In Scott''s drawing 46 it looks like there are two.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=556 TEXT='Scmidt plate XXIV shows a clear crease in his drawings.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658 wide'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 arond 50% or a little less'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 wide sustentacular facet'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 wide - definitely greater than 50%'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 wide'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH 99637 wide - almost the entire undersurface Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 - it is literally 60%'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa wide'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 wide'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 wide'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 wide'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I think narrow but check'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 very tough call - I want to say narrow but it seems wider than in say mesonychids and relative to the OVERALL size of the astragalus it is wide.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 narrow'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021 about 50% - hard to characterize'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='no photo - needs to be done'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='preseveration is too poor to tell'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 wide'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='I guess compared to the entire astragalus this is narrow H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='no comment or illustration'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=557 TEXT='RR224'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658 - AP axis is longer'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370 - square'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 odd shaped but elongate - so "oval"'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 essentially round, equal'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 rectangular but more elongate than wide - definitely not literally "oval"'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 rectangular but with a longer A-P axis - again definitley not "oval" in shape'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='AMNH 99637 rectangular and relatively medial because it is so large, Hippo AMNH 70019 length and width is equal but this depends on measuring it without the extra distal connection'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='153410 Babyrousa - AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 rectangular very borderline in terms of length and width - like hippo - close to square'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 rectangular'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 I guess oval but does not fit the description well'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 doesn''t fit into either category need to compare again later'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021 - AP axis is longer - just barely and hard to characterize'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='no photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='not preserved fully'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 rectangular'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='square - H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp. almost square although I guess technically the AP axis is longer'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) no comment or illustration'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=558 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293, roughly square'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 short'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='153410 AMNH Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Moschus 110500 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) certainly could be scored - did not photograph or take appropriate notes'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis - kind of borderline but I guess short'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Also UMZV 132 Basilosaurus isis hind limb - it looks short'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=559 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 P. trilobatus (USGS 7146)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 - there virtually is no neck and the two facets touch'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Orycterops after AMNH 51370 restricted to head - or at least there is a good clear part of neck'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 resetricted to tibial articular surface'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763, neck is incredibly short'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 does not appear to extend onto neck'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 -extends onto neck'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 extends onto astragalar neck'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH 99637 - there isn''t much of a neck but the astragalar facet is continuous with sustentacular facet so scored as extending onto neck Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa extends onto astragalar neck'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260 extends on neck'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 present on medial extreme'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 extends onto astragalar neck'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 extends onto astragalar neck'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis no'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 trochlea does not extend onto neck but there is a facet on the neck for the tibia'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 there is a facet on the neck so check what this is in reference to'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021 very clear'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) restricted'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 extends onto neck'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), looks pretty much restricted to the head'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734, a little bit'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=560 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 P. trilobatus (USGS 7146)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 gro?'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis grooved I guess deeply'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 deep'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 grooved - not all that deep'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) do not have a photo of this but I would say grooved but not deeply grooved.'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring deeply excavated'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 deeply grooved - depth = 30 % of width'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=561 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 P. trilobatus (USGS 7146)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 7032'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Lama glama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH VP specimen 1007CA'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='see picture'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Cervus elephas AMNH 35389 - looks present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Artiocetus GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='GSP-UM 3485 absent,'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Diss praenuntius UM75501'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Dissacus mongolian 13786'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis - looks present, just narrower than the example'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Merycopotamus faunaantiqua PL68 - looks borderline'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='hard to tell from picture but very possibly present, this specimen actually does not have the area well-preserved. No other at AMNH.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Tragulus napu AMNH 14130 - pretty borderline but compare to Merycopotamus'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Gazin, 1968'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 53711'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium sp'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='AMNH 9808 - has a pit anteriorly but not a sprawling fossa like Boisserie''s drawing'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='hard to find a specimen in the AMNH with this area preserved - this taxon definitely has a pit on the astragalus but not expansion onto the dorsal surface'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='from the isolated astragalus in AMNH this has no more of a digital fossa than most artiodcatyls - certianly not the Hippo condition'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=562 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH 11082, not as extensive as Hippo but present'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 - there is a small foramen on the ventral surface but this is not an astragalar foramen'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 present and pierces both sides'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 absent'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH 99637 absent Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa absent'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis - on the cast this does appear to be present. Ken Rose also mentions this in his Science review of Gingerich's paper (although Gingerich does not seem to mention it in his article).'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) certainly could be scored - did not photograph or take appropriate notes'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring no data, looks a little like yes in Fig. 20 - of monograph'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=40 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='O'Leary and Rose (1995): Figure 14 - present.'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 absent'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Also UMZV 132 Basilosaurus isis hind limb - appears to be presetn'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293 - unclear on some specimens but definitely absent on at least one'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='RR224'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=568 TEXT='absent based on AMNH 13410, my notes say absent.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 - saddle-shaped - but very borderline - is quite flat also'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 convex'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 saddle-shaped'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 trochleated'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 - saddle shaped'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 saddle-shaped'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 saddle-shaped'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa trochleated'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 - trochleated (kind of a fattened saddle shape)'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 I guess trochleated but this is a really vague character'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 saddle shaped'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis saddle shaped'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 definitely saddle shaped - NO - not like the mesonychid condition'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - saddle shaped'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) appears saddle-shaped but need photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - really poorly preserved - probably just like the other mesonychids - looks that way'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945 - this is scored from the navicular not the astragalaus'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787. Defintely hard to tell from photo but certainly the fossa is not extensive.'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 P. trilobatus (USGS 7146)'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=564 TEXT='Sara - compare this to Geisler''s characters - he has a third state "trochleated"'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 based on Nickel et al. drawings'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 present'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH 99637 present very large Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa present'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 present'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) present'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus. and Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=569 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 present and large'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 large'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='AMNH 99637 contact is about half of the articular surface Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 large'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='153410 AMNH Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 large facet'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 large'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis present and large'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 present and small - although this is a gray area'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 small'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) small'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Tragulus jav AMNH14130'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus. and 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), p. 45 - they say it takes up only about 20%'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745, kind of borderline'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=570 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 P. trilobatus (USGS 7146)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 -'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='AMNH Tapirus 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, only a very small amount'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 they abut each other - just barely present'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='153410 AMNH Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431 present'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Artiocetus GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - I think present - a little polished but looks present'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, not preserved in this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734 - they seem to touch'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number - varies a bit but present'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=571 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) score as absent in RR35 but that specimen is not well-preserved.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 - wide'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares - seems narrow and curved'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 gro?'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019, I note in the picture that it looks somewhat mesonychid - like'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 - almost not a connection'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 - borderline between wide and curved'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 deeply grooved'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Stony brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Artiocetus GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844 - the articular surface is a little odd in this specimen as in Gobiohyus'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other], involves one entire half of the trochlea'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=572 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - concave'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, not huge but decent size'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 - not as big as in cows but large'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Tayassu AMNH 23538'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Babyrousa AMNH 153410 borderline but absent'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 I think twol planes but this looks a little different'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 flat'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana, present'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis have to revisit this with specimens in hand'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 concave'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) need photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Fig. 19b'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken), there is a rugosity but it is not very large - distinct though'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Scott''s drawing #46 absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), figure 2'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='SD 108-2105 - very tough call - there is a rugostiy but unclear whether it was large'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=575 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293, not that large, does not protrude'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 - concave'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 - very borderline but could be considered a softened two plane surface'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 flat'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 - flat'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235 very strange ectal facet, highly recessed'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 concave - there is also a small stump posterior to the main part of the ectal facet - this also appears to be part of it'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='153410 AMNH Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 two perpendicular planes oriented mediolaterally one coming from a superior position and one and inferior position.'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 I think twol planes but this looks a little different'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 flat'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana. Hard to homologize this is so derived;'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis have to revisit this with specimens in hand'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 concave'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 concave'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) need photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis half moon'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820, not quite perpendicular'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp. , clear half moon'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number hard to score this - sometimes it looks like two facets and sometimes it is gently concave'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=576 TEXT='RR224'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='ippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - lateral'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='153410 AMNH Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36438'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - I guess lateral but seems to be in between'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis anterior part points ventral and posterior part anterolateral'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847. Fig. 9c'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Agriochoerus gaudryi AMNH 685 and AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734 - part goes each way'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=583 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 P. trilobatus (USGS 7146)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares - the ectal facet goes all the way inferior but there is essentially no fold'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, their separation is demarcated by a bend'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='ippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36438'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 very clear'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus. Inapp'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other], patched together that they touch from two different specimens'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=577 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 - protrusion present and small'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='AMNH 51370 Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 - small but present'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763 - recheck this'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='153410 AMNH Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260.'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36438'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 110500'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu - absent'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Artiocetus GSP-UM 3458'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - essentially no - but these are in between mesonychids and artiodactyls in some ways'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Dissacus UM75501'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844 very small amount'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734 - only a little bit of protrusion'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Tragulus AMNH14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus - anterior part protrudes'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='SD 108-2105, small amount of protrusion'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number - essentially does not protrude'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=579 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 P. trilobatus (USGS 7146)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370 no'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 - tiny hint of this in Choeropsis'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36438'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana -'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other] - seems to be absent - should check with a scope'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni - seems like it has this in articulation'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number absent'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=581 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='This facet rests on the superior surface of the dorsolateral facet of the calcaneus present in cows'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36438'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 very clear'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 - appears to be presetn - so small that this is really hard to see'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=584 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Orycteropus AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 present'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36438'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - actually present - pretty interesting'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis - the two facets touch but their planes are distinctly separate'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, share a boreder'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820, they share a border'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 present - this astragalus has continuities with both'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other], present in the sense that they abut each other'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp. share a border'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745, separate edges but in contact'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='SD 108-2105, share an edge'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734 - they are adjacent - continuous seems'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number - they contact each other but are in separate planes'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=585 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares very subtle'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='AMNH 51370 Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, present and small'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Baby'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Sus 100260 AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36438'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Tragulus jav AMNH 14130 present'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Leptomeryx sp. AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni absent'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=586 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 flatter than in artios but sort of continuous and vague'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 angled'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Dicerorhinus sumatrensis AMNH 54763'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 angled'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107angled'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 angled'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='AMNH 99637 definitely at an oblique angle to rest of calcaneus in lateral view - also pretty long and oval - rectangular'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 present'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa angled'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 angled'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 angled'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 angled'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Rodhocetus balochistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643 - in medial view it is angled'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) angled'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 - really seems flat here - hard character'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. USGS 2352'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 angled'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Leptomeryx evansi? AMNH 1254C (broken)'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Scott, angled'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=590 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293 - relatively flat in a vertical plane but angled mediolaterally'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 and Nickel p. 89 Fig. 198.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='AMNH 22829 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 fused'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Lama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='AMNH 99637 unfused Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 34743'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Sus tarsus Nickel Fig 194-8'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 36431Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 unfused'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 fused'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 fused'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis unfused'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - pretty hard to tell - all in one big blob but that appears to be fused - no comment in Science - check supp docs'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) unfused'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945- scored based on isolated navicular'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, both present'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 fused and Tragulus memina AMNH 200098 (on box) 98 C.A. (on specimen)'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848 - they are in situ in molding material but they look unfused'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Leptomeryx AMNH 38910'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) p. 45'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5, only the cuboid is preserved but it is a single bone'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - AMNH 293 Phenacodus (species not given)'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=591 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) score this as unfused but I really question the association. RR214.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Nickel Plate III - not fused'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Bos tarsus Nickel Fig 194-8'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 not fused'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 fused there seems to be one cuneiform'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 fused'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 not fused'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 fused on one side but not other'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 34743'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Sus tarsus Nickel Fig 194-8'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 fused'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 fused'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 all bound up toghther but probably unfused'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring apparently FUSED'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Rose 1985, p. 1216, Guthrie apparently though otherwise but ROse seems sure'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 and Tragulus memina AMNH 200098 (on box) 98 C.A. (on specimen) - fused'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens (see pages 29-30) present'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='according to Scott 1891'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Poebrotherium AMNH 42283 - the only thing that seems to be separate is the entocuneiform - so they must be fused; Scott also says they are fused.'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi., see Wortman p. 170'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) , p. 45'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=592 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - AMNH 293 Phenacodus (species not given)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=592 TEXT=' Schmidt (1913) Plate XXIV shows the navicular with three separate facets and illustrates and ento and a mesocuneiform. THe facets seem separate; there is no actual entocuneiform known.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Nickel Fig. 198 Horse not independent'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='AMNH 22829 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Bos tarsus Nickel Fig 194-8'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 - one cuneiform - not clear on this'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Camelus - Smuts and B.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Lama AMNH 147879 - there are only two cuneiforms - in the medial view one is missing in the photo but there is a clear facet for it. I would have said that the ecto and meso were fused and the ento remained but check literature - this is apparently not the case in camels'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 independent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 34743'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Sus tarsus Nickel Fig 194-8'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 independent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764 indy'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu- could not find the actual bone but there is a clear facet and this seems to follow the cervid pattern'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 independent - fusion is tricky though'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition - Scott p. 163 - notes that this was present even if not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='event thought the meso is not there - but the ecto is preserved'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Rose 1985, says not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Tragulus memina AMNH 200098 (on box) 98 C.A. (on specimen)'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848 - only has two cuneiforms - not sure what the story is;Kitt based on AMNH 15820 H. angustidens p. 30 says that this specimen has an independent ento'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Scott, 1891 says this is present and unfused and that Cope made a mistake about this, p. 355'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni there seem to be only two cuneiforms - ; Poebrotherium AMNH 42283 not fused - ento is separate'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='accordign to Wortman p. 170'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) says unfused but points out that Rose says D. secans has these fused'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=593 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - AMNH 293 Phenacodus (species not given)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=593 TEXT=' Schmidt (1913) Plate XXIV shows the navicular with three separate facets and illustrates and ento and a mesocuneiform. THe facets seem separate; there is no actual entocuneiform known.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176 - not parallel'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 245658'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='not parallel Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Tapirus terr AMNH 70322 not parallel'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 parallel'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107parallel'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 parallel'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH 99637 parallel with long axis Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 not parallel to the degree seen in some artiodactyls but this is a vague character - use paralle'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 - not that parallel but still scored as artio condition'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa parallel'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Sus scrofa AMNH 100260'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 parallel'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 parallel'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 parallel]'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis pretty parallel'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 present Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 present'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 not exactly parallel'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) recheck - very confusing; Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) not parallel'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 parallel'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='O''Leary and Rose, 1995 P. trilobatus (USGS 7146)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=587 TEXT='this is pretty exceptional for an artiodactylan.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51370 absent - hard character but a strict reading in the D-P direction gives an estimtae of about 60 degrees - larger if tilted'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 wide arc'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Camelus dromedaries AMNH 14107 closer to 200 degrees'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 probably about 180 degrees'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH 99637 definitely a wide arc; Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019 wide arc'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH 153410 Babyrousa wide'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Sus tarsus Nickel Fig 194-8'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 36431 wide'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 wide'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 wide'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH 130197 A. americana'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis I guess wide but this should be checked against the originaland is a little vague'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - seems about 180 when viewed from medial side - navicular facet'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 seems around 180'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 5021'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) need photo'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Helohyus plicodon AMNH 92844'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring no data'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH 19177 Gobiohyus orientalis'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Falconer and Cautley, 1847.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Achaenodon uintensis AMNH 1820'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH LUSK 0-29-734'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 200 degrees dorsoplantar'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 56593 isolated astragalus.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH Lusk 039-920 [supplemented by an unnumbered astragalus that has clearer ectal facets - placed this right next to the other]'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='AMNH 38843, Agriochoerus sp.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) technically not figured or described'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Thinohyus AMNH 73745'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='SD 108-2105'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Elomeryx sp. AMNH DICK 22-734'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=588 TEXT='Phenacodus primaevus AMNH 293'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Nickel p. 100 - says they were fused'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 prsent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 10734 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='AMNH 99637 absent; Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Sus tarsus Nickel Fig 194-8'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) absent'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring unfused'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 present - not illustrated though'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume,'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Webb and Taylor , 1980 p. 144'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='Radinksy 1966'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=594 TEXT='RR139'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Equus - Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares - seems to be essentially absent - check janis and scott'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153 looks present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 148200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 present - need a certain photo of hand vs feet though - this scoring corroborated by Janis and Scott'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='according to Smuts and Bezuidenhout - this is absent - thre is a slight furrow proximally but no full gulley. The distal ends of the bones also flair.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, I do not see any gulley just a small indentation at the proximal end'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 - fused 3 and 4 have no gulley'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520 not fused or reduced'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Nickel describes but does not figure - unfused tarsus'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 - check this against Janis and Scott and Hassanin and Douzery'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036 - present, really clear'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='-'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='from Janis and Scott Table 6 also Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 - clearly present'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='According to Janis and Scott table 6 this is present'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=595 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Equus - Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 - I think mesaxonic'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 corroborated by Janis and Scottt'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Nickel describes but does not figure - unfused tarsus'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Janis and Scottt say closed'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu - clearly closed distally'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036, closed distally'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) not sure but I think mesaxonic - check if there is another specimen - also not sure if this is the hand or foot.'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='from Janis and Scott Table 6 - in Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 looks open distally'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='According to Janis and Scott Table 6 this is open'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=596 TEXT='inapplicable'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Equus - Stony Brook MP55'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 - I think mesaxonic'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Nickel describes but does not figure - unfused tarsus'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Moschus moschiferus AMNH4605 - need an improved association of hand or foot but both are paraxonic with differences in length'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 paraxonic'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485.***NOTE - Gingerich et al say that the hand is mesaxonic and the foot is paraxonic. I would have said the opposite on the basis of length, they must be basing this on width to a large degree. The question is then does their paraxonic foot fit my definition of paraxonic (it is less paraxonic than Mesonyx, for example), I think so because the length difference is not too pronounced. This is similar to the condition in Diacodexis pakistanensis.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) not sure but I think mesaxonic - check if there is another specimen - also not sure if this is the hand or foot.'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 not enough information'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 monograph'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, see also AMNH specimen on display'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 paraxonic - no good illustration'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='technically not preserved in H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin; GEISLER SCORES AS MESAXONIC BUT I AM NOT SURE WHERE HE GOT THIS INFORMATION'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Uhen p. 121 - not known'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume, metatarsals of digits III and IV are the same length roughly, but note these are from different specimens -- only one phalanx appears to be known.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Mattew 1908, p. 545 FIgure'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), incredibly hard to tell from the picture. In the conclusions on page 46 they loosely state that this is paraxonic but for me - the picture of the hand looks paraxonic and, even though the photo of the metatarsals is terrible, the measurements in the Table make it sound as mesaxonic or more so than the hand. However, there are no digits three and four measured for the same individual in the table even though Fig. 2 says it is a photo of one individual (300-5248, not measured) that has a full set of metatarsals. They do not explicitly comment on this issue - will leave as "?"'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=598 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Equus - Stony Brook MP55 and Nickel'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 reduced - right about 50%'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 - need photo'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 seems to be absent - although on the medial cuboid there is a widened facet - but the main point is that it is definitely highly reduced'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 absent'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Nickel describes but does not figure - unfused tarsus'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 I don''t see one at all - absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 highly reduced'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 small but not absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - there does not seem to be much info on this - not clear if it is totally absent - not figured in Gingerich et al.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 - potentially this is in another cateory'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 nodule'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Rose 1985:1217-1218 says it is not known, only the facet on MT II for it indicates it was present'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='AMNH FAM 72286, the type of M. culbertsoni - none present and the ento does not have a facet - so it appears absent'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 one digit is gone - seems to absence of digit one - but check literature'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848; seems to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Also UMZV 132 Basilosaurus isis hind limb - absent'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Taylor and Webb, 1976'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Wortman, 1895, p. 170 says absent - and not present in AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII, seems to be completely absent'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=600 TEXT='no information'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Equus - Stony Brook MP55 and Nickel - is technically long but really is just a splint'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 unreduced'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235 absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 --- > 50% size of metatarsal III'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 = 50% or longer of third metatarsal'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Nickel describes but does not figure - unfused tarsus'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 reduced'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 highly reduced-absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 small but not absent'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501)'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 not fully preserved but not a nodule'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - monograph p. 21'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 form of a splint'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Also UMZV 132 Basilosaurus isis hind limb'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Taylor and Webb, 1976 p. 20 say these are reduced to proximal remnants and contrast this wit the longer length in Hypertragulus'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), nodule based on ratios in Table'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=599 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Equus - Stony Brook MP55 and Nickel'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 reduced about 50%'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA 2592 - need photo'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 - absent'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235, absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 -- > 50% of lenght of metatarsal IV'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibious AMNH 70019 unreduced'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703 - not visible in photo'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 small (reduced)'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 highly reduced-absent'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786 not fully preserved but not a nodule'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - monograph Fig. 21'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Rose 1985: Figure 8'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 form of a splint'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Uhen in Thewissen volume'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Taylor and Webb, 1976 p. 20 say these are reduced to proximal remnants and contrast this wit the longer length in Hypertragulus - they say it is true of digits II and V'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=601 TEXT='Radinsky 1966,'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Equus - Stony Brook MP55 and Nickel'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 20415 - in photo seems to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 - contra Janis'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 on anterior surface also'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Smuts and Bezuidenhout 1987 present'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Lama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 on plantar surface only'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='AMNH 99637 only very subtle on the distal surface - much much less pronounced than in say Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 135520'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 extends to anterior surface'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 extended anteriorly'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 3764'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 on plantar surface only'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius UM75501'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis AMNH 1945 - I am not sure if these are metatarsals or metacarpals but the keel is ventral'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='no data'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787, in Rose 1985 MT III has a small hint of this but not on any others, this seems essentially plantar'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='according to Janis and Scott - absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Also UMZV 132 Basilosaurus isis hind limb - no keels visible-'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='According to Janis and Scott p. 46 these are not complete and are on plantar surface only'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), cannot tell and certainly no comment in the text'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='partial uncatalogued specimen AINS 708-Pros.487-5, not sure whether this is a metacarpal or a metatarsal'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH CHECK'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - AMNH 293 Phenacodus (species not given)'; TEXT TAXON=75 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='Thewissen et al. (2007) RR139'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=602 TEXT='There is a small indication of some keel on the dorsal surface but it is not very pronounced.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='check on this in an associated specimen'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='AMNH 17980 Ovis ares - I think it is present - check what Janis and Scott say -'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 straight'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 - curved inferiorly'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Lama AMNH 147879, seems to be absent'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH 148452 absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019 absent - but there are knobby surfaces around MT III'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 flat'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 unclear what these look like'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - very hard to characterize'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 present'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu - incredibly subtle - but I guess present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036 - there is a small tuberosity on the lateralmost proximal metatarsal. This seems to be a tuberosity, it is very subtle'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius UM75501'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Dissacus from Mongolia 13786'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring in Fig. 21 - but looks like it is not that well preserved'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Rose 1985, Fig. 8'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 - absent - not labelled on photo but clearly absent'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Also UMZV 132 Basilosaurus isis hind limb'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='According to janis and Scott absetn'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni - I don''t see any real tuberosity'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi. Looks absent to me - nothing distinctive in that area'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania), no comment in the text and cannot tell from illustration'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Hurzeler, 1936, Plate VIII'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=603 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - AMNH 293 Phenacodus (species not given)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 straight'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 - curved inferiorly'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 flat'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='AMNH 99637 straight and kind of irregular shaped Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 flat'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Ziphius cavirostris AMNH 40015 unclear what these look like'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Tursiops truncatus AMNH 74485 - very hard to characterize'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 flat'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - a little bit tricky because they have a tuberosity posteriorly - but essentially more hooflike - Gingerich et al. refer to them as hoofs.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens AMNH 12643 has a large tubercle - but is not curved'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Ambulocetus TWRH scoring flat'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321 - flat with tubercle posteriory'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 straight (flat)'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi. relatively straight with the exception of the tubercle at the back and see also AMNH 9808 - essentially very staight and flat even the tubercle is pretty flat'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) p. 45 calls them "mediolaterally flat and slightly curved" - not clear what the hell this means - I guess laterally compressed and ventrally curved (claw-like)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number - kind of borderline but I think relatively flat'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=604 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - AMNH 293 Phenacodus (species not given) - not shown technically but looks very flat. Macleod and Rose show P. primaevus as very flat'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 broad and symmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 broad and symmetrical - scored on manus'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Lama AMNH 35235'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA 2423 broad and asymmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='AMNH 99637 - broad and slightly asymmetrical Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 compressed'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 compressed and asymmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507 - compressed transversely'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 compressed transversely'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Wortman 1895 BAMNH p. 146 emphasizes the claw-like nature of the distal phalanx in A. latifrons; AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) p. 45 calls them "mediolaterally flat and slightly curved" - not clear what the hell this means - I guess laterally compressed and ventrally curved (claw-like)'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='specimen on display at AMNH'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=605 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - AMNH 293 Phenacodus (species not given), see also P. primaevus in MacLeod and Rose'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Equus cab AMNH 204176'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='AMNH 22829 Ovis ares'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Bos taurus AMNH 204153'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 2285 broad and symmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Tapirus AMNH CA2592 VP - digit III is symmetrical and II and IV are not'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Giraffa AMNH 14135 symmetry absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14107 broad and symmetrical - scored on manus'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Lama AMNH 147879'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Choeropsis AMNH CA2423 asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Hippo AMNH 70019'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Tayassu tajacu AMNH 77703'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Potamochoerus AMNH 34743'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Sus tarsus Nickel Fig 194-8'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Hylochoerus AMNH 31285 absent'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Moschus AMNH 4605 fused'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Odocoileus virginianus AMNH 70047 compressed and asymmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='AMNH 35389 Cervus elephas hanglu - very sublte but present'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Antilocapra americana AMNH 5036'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis unfused'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Rodhocetus baluchistanensis GSP-UM 3485 - kind of borderline - actually a bit amorphous with vague morphology but overall symmetrical from the dorsal view.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Mesonyx obtusidens Scott 1888 Princetion expedition'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Dissacus praenuntius (UM 75501) unfused'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='not clear enough - Ambulocetus natans HGSP 18507'; TEXT TAXON=56 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Diacodexis sp. AMNH 27787'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Merycoidodon culbertsoni AMNH 1321 - primarily symmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='ant hand Tragulus javanicus AMNH 14130 and foot symmetrical'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='H. paulus and H. lepidus - USNM 17980 Plate 12 Gazin;'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Hyracotherium craspedotum AMNH 4848'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Leptomeryx FAM 53711, subtle asymmetry'; TEXT TAXON=52 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='AMNH 1364 Poebrotherium wilsoni'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='AMNH 685 Agiochoerus gaudryi.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Thewissen and Hussain, 1990 (postcrania) p. 45 calls them "mediolaterally flat and slightly curved" - not clear what the hell this means - I guess laterally compressed and ventrally curved (claw-like), no info'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Cainotherium commune AMNH no number'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=606 TEXT='Radinsky, 1966 - AMNH 293 Phenacodus (species not given)'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='Skins in mammalogy show this to be sparse Orycteropus AMNH 83773'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='thick hair according to http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicerorhinus sumatrensis.html'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='AMNH 100260 - sparse around head but generally thick'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=607 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001 - scored at genus -level'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='Olivier (1975) comments on there being similarities in the skin to Hippopotamus but seems to provide no histological data for this.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=608 TEXT=' Luck and Wright (1964), Eltringham (1999:21). Crisp, 1867, describes and illustrates the skin glands but does not say what kind they are. '; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=608 TEXT='from Geisler, 2001 - scored at genus -level'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=609 TEXT='O''Leary and Geisler - 1999'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=609 TEXT='geisler scores as sparse - no species'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=609 TEXT='Geisler 2001 sparse'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=609 TEXT='unknown Geisler 2001'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=609 TEXT='Geisler 2001 Camelus - sparse'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=609 TEXT='Geisler 2001 - sparse'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=609 TEXT='Geisler 2001'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=609 TEXT='Geisler scores as sparse but not sure which species'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=610 TEXT='O''Leary and Geisler - two'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=610 TEXT='Geisler 2001'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=610 TEXT='Geisler 2001 - three'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=610 TEXT='Geisler 2001'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=610 TEXT='Geisler 2001'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=610 TEXT='from Geisler'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=610 TEXT='this is from Geisler and is scored at the genus level'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=611 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 1 - p. 213- absent in Bovid family'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=611 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 1 - p. 213'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=611 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 1 - p. 213- absent in Cervid family'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=611 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 1 - p. 213- absent in Cervid family'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=611 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 1 - p. 213 - absent in the family'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='apparently absent in horses based on web searches but no reliable sources turned up'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 4 - p. 213- ; see also Tissue Cell. 1994 Dec;26(6):827-39. Ultrastructural, histochemical and electrophysiological study of calf gallbladder epithelium.Botta G, Tomasoni S, Riccardi D, Fucile F, Vitellaro-Zuccarello L.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 4 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 4 - p. 213- no info; Aristoteles on the web says it is absent'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Crisp, 1867 - p. 610 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Cordes, D.O. 1982. Dolphins and their diseases. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 30:46-49. - says absent - reference is Coffey, D. J. 1977 Whales, dolphins and porpoises. An encyclopedia of marine mammals. Collier Books, NY'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 4 - p. 213- ; see also http://www.deer.rr.ualberta.ca/library/phylogeny/Phylogeny.html'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 4 - p. 213- absent in cervids'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=612 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 4 - p. 213- absent'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=613 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 5 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=613 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 5 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=613 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 5 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=613 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 5 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=613 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 5 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=613 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 5 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='This site says the equine placenta is "diffuse" (http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/placenta/equine.html) meaning "It involves the entire surface of the chorioallantois except for a small area adjacent to the cervix called the "cervical star", where attachment cannot occur"Seems to be a slight contradiction between the two sites - Kurt Benirschke calls this "studded with microcotyledons" not sure if this is cotyledonary - e-mailed him. He said: "Thank you. The reason for saying "microcotyledons" is that this term has been used by some anatomists. I my view, the horse placenta is really actually a diffuse one. At least so it would appear to me. For all intents and purposes, these are really synonymous".http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/horsefs.htm'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 6 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 6 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/hdsdszonary'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/h - Describes Malayan Tapir - Tapirus indicus as "diffuse" but also notes reports of some microcotyledons.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/wrhinofs.htm - the placenta of Ceratotherium is diffuse - this is an assumption of homology. The Sumatran rhino was not scored but all three other rhinos supposedly differ little'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 6 - p. 213- ; see also http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/giraffefs.htm, describes it as polycotyledonary with 149-191 cotyledons'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='According to this site (http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/placenta/ruminants.html) camels have a diffuse placenta;http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/h - no cotyledons'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/hLamas apparently have "no cotyledons"'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/hippo.html says "an epitheliochorial placenta with diffuse villous coverage"'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/hippo.html, says "covered diffusely with villi"'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='According to this paper - "diffuse"http://www.biotaneotropica.org.brThe materno-fetal interrelationship in Tayassuidae: collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu Linnaeus, 1758) and white lipped-peccary (Tayassu pecari Link, 1795).Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/chevrofs.htm, diffuse'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/placenta/structure.htmlAccording to this site it is diffuse but very limited taxonomic information'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/h - diffuse with no cotyledons; see also Cordes, D.O. 1982. Dolphins and their diseases. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 30:46-49. - says "diffuse epithelio-chorial" p. 46 - - reference is Coffey, D. J. 1977 Whales, dolphins and porpoises. An encyclopedia of marine mammals. Collier Books, NY'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 6 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 6 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 6 - p. 213- http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/rhebokfs.htm, says only 6 cotyledons'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/rhebokfs.htmcalled "polycotyledonary", as many as 92 cotyledons'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 6 - p. 213- ; see also http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/chevrofs.htm - states no cotyledons are formed; Kimura, J., Sasaki, M., Endo, H. and Fukuta, K.: Anatomical and histological characterization of the female reproductive organs of mouse deer (Tragulidae). Placenta 25:705-711, 2004.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='No data on website of placentae.'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='http://placentation.ucsd.edu/homefs.html'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=614 TEXT='taken from :Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis^nDerek E. Wildman,†‡§ Caoyi Chen,‡ Offer Erez,†§ Lawrence I. Grossman,‡ Morris Goodman,‡¶|| and Roberto Romero†‡^n^nProc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 February 28; 103(9): 3203–3208.^nPublished online 2006 February 21. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0511344103.'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=615 TEXT='http://medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/rhebokfs.htm'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=615 TEXT='http://placentation.ucsd.edu/homefs.html, "The cat has a zonary placenta without cotyledons."'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=616 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 7 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=616 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 7 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=616 TEXT='According to Vaughan, p. 225, aardvarks have a "protrusile" tongue'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=616 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 7 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=616 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 7 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=616 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 7 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=616 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 7 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=616 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 7 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='a web book on the Fauna of Australia lists them as having one pair'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213-however this site says TWP - http://www.siu.edu/~tw3a/434anat.htm'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213- However this website (http://www.siu.edu/~tw3a/434anat.htm) says TWO'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='http://zoo.rin.ru/cgi-bin/en/index.pl?idr=35&art=3265Zoo website says a single pair'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Walker''s mammals, Nowak, 1991 p. 1344 says female Tayassu has two PAIRS of mammae'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Sisson and Grossman p. 1303 say that pigs have 10-12 mammae.'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Palaeos website says there is only a single pair of mammae in whales and cites Vaughan - but I can''t find this in his book. Reynolds, Rommel and Bolen in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals p. 28) say that "many marine mammals have a single pair of nipples". COULD USE BETTER INFO.'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Hassanin and Douzery, 2003: 8 - p. 213-'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=617 TEXT='Ten according to Reighard and Jennings'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=618 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=618 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=618 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=618 TEXT='for Camelids there is info for Lama but not camels'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=618 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=618 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=618 TEXT='Meisner et al. KOGIA SIMUS'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=618 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='E. burchelli, E.asinus - Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='SPERM DATA FROM CERATOTHERIUM AND DICEROS'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='for Camelids there is info for Lama but not camels'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Data are available in Merilan et al., 1979, cited in Meisner et al., 2005.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Meisner et al. KOGIA SIMUS'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=619 TEXT='Not collected by Amy but scored in her notes for B. edeni. Also two references are relevant: Kita et al., 2001 and Mogoe et al., 1998. '; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='E. burchelli, E.asinus - Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='SPERM DATA FROM CERATOTHERIUM AND DICEROS'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='Meisner et al. KOGIA SIMUS'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=620 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='E. burchelli, E.asinus - Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='SPERM DATA FROM CERATOTHERIUM AND DICEROS'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='Meisner et al. KOGIA SIMUS'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=621 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='E. burchelli, E.asinus - Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='SPERM DATA FROM CERATOTHERIUM AND DICEROS'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='Amy reports some sperm data for camel and lama but it does not record the characters needed here.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='Amy reports some sperm data for camel and lama but it does not record the characters needed here.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='WE NEED THIS INFORMATION'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='Meisner et al. KOGIA SIMUS'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=622 TEXT='Meisner et al. no data'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='E. burchelli, E.asinus - Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='SPERM DATA FROM CERATOTHERIUM AND DICEROS'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='Meisner et al. KOGIA SIMUS'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=623 TEXT='Meisner et al. - no data'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='E. burchelli, E.asinus - Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='SPERM DATA FROM CERATOTHERIUM AND DICEROS'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Merlian et al. (1975) - this paper does not provide a lot of detail overall, however.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Merlian et al. (1975) - this paper does not provide a lot of detail overall, however.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Meisner et al. KOGIA SIMUS'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=624 TEXT='Mogoe et al. (1998) -for B. acutorostrata, images are pretty poor though.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='E. burchelli, E.asinus - Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='SPERM DATA FROM CERATOTHERIUM AND DICEROS'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=625 TEXT='Mogoe et al. (1998) -for B. acutorostrata, images are pretty poor though.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='E. burchelli, E.asinus - Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='SPERM DATA FROM CERATOTHERIUM AND DICEROS'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Langer (2001) records these data for Mesoplodon densirostris in the Ziphiidae'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Meisner et al.'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=626 TEXT='Langer (2001) records these data for Caperea marginata.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='no data in Langer'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer (2001) data are for Mesoplodon.'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=627 TEXT='Langer (2001) stomach data are for Caperea marginata.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=628 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Cordes, D.O. 1982. Dolphins and their diseases. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 30:46-49. - says ABSENT P. 46 - reference is Coffey, D. J. 1977 Whales, dolphins and porpoises. An encyclopedia of marine mammals. Collier Books, NY'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=629 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=630 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=631 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=632 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=633 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=634 TEXT='http://www.cnsweb.org/digestvertebrates/WWWEdStevensCDAnatomy.html is the source for this. '; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Cordes, D.O. 1982. Dolphins and their diseases. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 30:46-49. - reference is Coffey, D. J. 1977 Whales, dolphins and porpoises. An encyclopedia of marine mammals. Collier Books, NY- says dolphins have a 4 chambered stomach'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=635 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer 2000, Equus caballus'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000 character'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=636 TEXT='Langer, 2000'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=637 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=638 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=639 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=640 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=641 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=642 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=643 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=644 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=645 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=646 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=647 TEXT='this is not in the paper, R. unicornis is and it is methanogenic'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=647 TEXT='Langer (2001) scored for Okapi.'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=648 TEXT='MM 121 presentMM 121 present'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=648 TEXT='MM 121 present'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=648 TEXT='MM 121 present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=648 TEXT='MM 121 present'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=648 TEXT='MM 121 present'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=648 TEXT='MM 121 present'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=648 TEXT='MM 121 present'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='Orycteropus after AMNH 148200 absent'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 71729, absent'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis MVZ (UCMP) 55146 absent'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='Camelus dromedarius AMNH 14108'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='Hippopotamus amphibius AMNH 15898 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='present according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='absent according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='Kogia breviceps AMNH 35912 - MM say absent'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='(MM1464; Muizon, 1984; 1991)'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='(MM1464; Muizon, 1984; 1991)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='Gobiohyus AMNH 26277 absent'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='present according to MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='MM say absent; (MM1464; Muizon, 1984; 1991)'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=649 TEXT='Agriochoerus AMNH 1355 absent'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=650 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=650 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=650 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:50 -present'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=650 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=650 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=650 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=650 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=651 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=651 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=651 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=651 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=651 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=651 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=651 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=652 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:50 -present;data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=652 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=652 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=653 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=653 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=653 TEXT='Heyning, 1989:50 present; data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=653 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=653 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=653 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=653 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='Orycteropus afer AMNH 51910 - inapplicable or change to typical nose'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='Tapirus terrestris AMNH 78519 circular however hard to score very unclear characterization'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='Giraffa camelopardalis AMNH 14135'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='Babyrousa babyrousa celebensis 152858 normal'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='GSP-UM 3458 Artiocetus clavis normal nose'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='Sinonyx jiashanensis IVPP 10760 normal'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='Harpagolestes uintensis (AMNH 1892) circular'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='Tragulus javanicus AMNH 188310 typical artio nose; Ridewood plate 5 Okapia johnstoni'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=654 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=655 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=655 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=655 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=655 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=655 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=655 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=655 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=656 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=656 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=656 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=656 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=656 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=656 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=656 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=657 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=657 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=657 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=657 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=657 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=657 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=657 TEXT='data from MM'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=658 TEXT='Uhen (1996)'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=658 TEXT='Swift and Barnes (1996)'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=33 TEXT='VII is not well-preserved in this taxon.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=33 TEXT='Cifelli'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=33 TEXT='this structure is in an odd place but is technically anterior'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=33 TEXT='does not appear to be clear in drawings'; TEXT TAXON=68 CHARACTER=33 TEXT='Phenacodus information from Cifelli Hyopsodus paper.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=30 TEXT='DPC 5248, B.gorringei'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=660 TEXT='http://wonderclub.com/Wildlife/mammals/Bactriancamel.html'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=660 TEXT='http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/llama.htm'; TEXT TAXON=73 CHARACTER=456 TEXT='need a better photo'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=457 TEXT='In Uhen (2004) he does not identify any cusps except the paracone on the upper teeth - so this seems inapplicable.'; TEXT TAXON=66 CHARACTER=457 TEXT='not clear in image'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=459 TEXT='no specimens'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=459 TEXT='need better picture'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=183 TEXT='note, bulla is not in picture, howeverm the bulla is extremely small so there would have been no contact '; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='Stony Brook specimen'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='MAR 15'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='UCMP 55146'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='MCZ 29878'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='MAR 8'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='SBU MAR8'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='UCMPZ 134134'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='reconstructions show the foramen, but I have no clear image of it in my photos.'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='AMNH 1892'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='AMNH 26277'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='examined on original even though photo is not great'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='Gazin'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='Uhen discusses (p.36) says it is variable and sometimes there are two. Does not figure in such a way as to tell the shape.'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='Kellogg'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='AMNH 39123'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='probably oval, but no specific description in paper and only an outline drawing in lateral view.'; TEXT TAXON=58 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='AMNH 6385'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='AMNH 579 '; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='UCMP 43061'; TEXT TAXON=74 CHARACTER=140 TEXT='AMNH 1223'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=48 TEXT='Van der Klaauw, 1931, entotympanic absent in Orycteropus'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=288 TEXT='Dorsal view of this taxon is not good enough to score this character.'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=288 TEXT='frontal parietal suture not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='Equus and Tapirus seem to differ in this feature.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='Unclear from image'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='cannot tell from current specimens, too poorly preserved on side without bulla'; TEXT TAXON=61 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='Images are not clear for this feature'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='Area not well-preserved.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='need a specimen for this.'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='This is not clear from the paper or the illustration. The authors describe a posttympanic process (ptp) but do not indicate what bones comprise it.'; TEXT TAXON=74 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='not a great image but mastoid is not blocked by squamosal or other bones when the bulla is removed.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=43 TEXT='all specimens have bulla attached'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='sutures are not particularly clear in this specimen, but Smuts and Bezuidenout show this clearly in the maxilla.'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='UCMP 1247 - not clear where this foramen is.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='sutures not clear'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='Mead and Fordyce describe these as small, several (~4) and postitioned at the suture.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='Zhou et al. mention this but their description is unclear in terms of this character. It is not figured.'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='AMNH 1892 - hard to see in picture but looks like it is on the suture'; TEXT TAXON=72 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='too reconstructed'; TEXT TAXON=40 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='Gazin p. 37'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='Uhen p. 39 - in suture'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='clearly in palatine, suture a little hard to see in photo'; TEXT TAXON=55 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='not illustrated'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='Cannot tell from picture.'; TEXT TAXON=67 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='UCMP 43061'; TEXT TAXON=74 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='not preserved in the specimens I have on loan.'; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=159 TEXT='not illustrated in Schmidt'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=437 TEXT='AMNH 39123, small anterior cingulum only'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=437 TEXT='photo is a little unclear but checked against specimen, the enamel is crenulate all over, anteriorly there is a cingulum but this does not continue around the entire protocone.'; TEXT TAXON=69 CHARACTER=26 TEXT='not very large '; TEXT TAXON=65 CHARACTER=26 TEXT='DUPC 20954'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=436 TEXT='The text of the paper says that an anterior cinglum is present on M1 but not on M2 (even though this is not really illustrated. '; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=436 TEXT='there is a small anterior cingulum AMNH 39123 (not very easy to see in photo) it does not wrap around the entire protocone'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=171 TEXT='This area of skull is highly reconstructed.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='sutures not visible.'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='suture not visible'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='sutures are not clear'; TEXT TAXON=70 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='suture not visible'; TEXT TAXON=71 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='frontal parietal suture not preserved'; TEXT TAXON=54 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='suture not clear'; TEXT TAXON=53 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='squamosal suture is clear but not parietal'; TEXT TAXON=57 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='sutures not visible'; TEXT TAXON=59 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='suture not visible, but possibley due to damage'; TEXT TAXON=60 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='sutures not visible'; TEXT TAXON=73 CHARACTER=289 TEXT='suture not visible'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=29 TEXT='Caudal tympanic process seems to be absent in this taxon.'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=29 TEXT='not particularly wide in this specimen as in some other whales'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=29 TEXT='slightly broken in this specimen'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=29 TEXT='present but somewhat out of view in this illustration'; ENDBLOCK; BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS; TYPESET * UNTITLED = unord: 1 - 690; ENDBLOCK;